Introduction

The inscription of Panamu I, the son of Qarli, did not turn up in the excavations at Zinjirli but had already been discovered in 1890 in a village north east of the site. It is inscribed on the base of a statue of the god Hadad. The sculpture style is of a type that has Hittite precedents. It is a long inscription of some 34 lines, but many of them are badly worn having been exposed to the elements. Unlike the Kilamuwa inscription, Panamu’s Hadad inscription is one of two written in the distinctive Sam’alian dialect. Sam’alian is mainly a mixture of Phoenican and Aramaic but also has some features not found elsewhere.

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