{"id":1970,"date":"2023-11-01T20:48:43","date_gmt":"2023-11-01T20:48:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/live-usc-dornsife.pantheonsite.io\/uscseagrant\/?page_id=1970"},"modified":"2024-06-13T18:37:13","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T18:37:13","slug":"toxic-turmoil","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/uscseagrant\/toxic-turmoil\/","title":{"rendered":"Toxic Turmoil"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--accordions \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--accordions\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      <div class=\"header-container\">\n\n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Future changing environmental conditions may lead to more harmful algal blooms    \n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      \n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Harmful algal blooms (HABs) of several toxic diatom species within the genus <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pseudo-nitzschia <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">annually cause significant damage to ecosystems and economies along the California coast. Pseudo-nitzschia can produce the neurotoxin domoic acid, which can cause fish kills, marine mammal sickness, and cause severe health issues in humans who consume contaminated seafood. Recent evidence suggests that increased nutrient availability due to either anthropogenic pollution or climate-driven shifts in upwelling patterns can combine with other individual factors (e.g., temperature and carbonate chemistry) to significantly increase the toxicity of these blooms. Little is known about how projected future changes of these combined factors will affect HAB frequency in California. University of Southern California (USC) Sea Grant funded a project to conduct multi-stressor studies with <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pseudo-nitzschia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cultures isolated from California waters to predict how future environmental conditions may influence damaging, toxic blooms. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n      \n      \n    <\/div>\n  \n  \n  \n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <h3><b>Key Results<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Experiments simulating coastal upwelling conditions (i.e., cooler temps, increased nutrients) and marine heatwave conditions (i.e., warmer temps, decreased nutrients) promote similar growth rates in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pseudo-nitzschia australis, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">but only upwelling conditions produced domoic acid toxicity<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Research is designed to fill data gaps outlined in the 2016 California Ocean Science Trust HAB and California Fisheries Report<\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This project is completed and has culminated in three more high-profile peer-reviewed publications, including an invited review paper in Nature Reviews Microbiology.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Project Impacts &amp; Application:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presented at the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography Meeting, the U.S. HAB Symposium, the USC Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography Student Seminar Series, and the Ocean Sciences Meeting<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Invited to give a webinar at C-CAN (the California Coastal Acidification Network)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/uscseagrant\/2024\/05\/28\/a-ticking-toxic-time-bomb\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Publicly accessible article<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> written on the research\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sea Grant Trainee, Kyla Kelly, was awarded a 2024 National Knauss Sea Grant Fellowship\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Principal Investigators:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">David Hutchins, Ph.D., University of Southern California\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feixue Fu, Ph.D., University of Southern California<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Funding: <\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California Ocean Protection Council, 2018-2021<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Additional Info and Publications:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kyla J. Kelly, Amjad\u00a0Mansour<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Chen Liang, Andrew M. Kim, Lily A. Mancini, Matthew J. Bertin, Bethany D. Jenkins<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, David A. Hutchins, Fei-Xue Fu.\u00a0 (<strong>2023<\/strong>). Simulated upwelling and marine heatwave events promote similar growth rates but differential domoic acid toxicity in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pseudo-nitzschia australis. Harmful Algae <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">127:102467 <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37544669\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi: 10.1016\/j.hal.2023.102467<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Xu D., Zheng G.C., Brennan G.,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wang Z., Jiang T., Sun K., Fan X., Bowler C.,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zhang Z., Zhang Y., Wang W., Wang Y., Li Y., Wu H., Li Y., Fu F.-X., Hutchins D.A., Tan Z., Ye N.H. (<\/span><b>2023<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Plastic responses lead to increased neurotoxin in the diatom <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pseudo-nitzschia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> under ocean warming and acidification. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ISME Journal <\/span><\/i><a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41396-023-01370-8\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">doi.org\/10.1038\/s41396-023-01370-8<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hutchins, D.A. and Capone, D.G. (<strong>2022<\/strong>). The ocean nitrogen cycle: New developments and global change. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature Reviews Microbiology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">20: 401-414.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41579-022-00687-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 10.1038\/s41579-022-00687-z<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kelly KJ, Fu F-X, Jiang X, Li H, Xu D, Yang N, DeMers MA, Kling JD, Gao K, YeN and Hutchins DA (<\/span><b>2021<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Interactions Between Ultraviolet B Radiation, Warming, and Changing Nitrogen Source May Reduce the Accumulation of Toxic Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries Biomass in FutureCoastal Oceans. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Front. Mar. Sci.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 8:664302. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmars.2021.664302\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">doi: 10.3389\/fmars.2021.664302<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cta-link\" href=\"\/uscseagrant\/publications-database\/\">Access our Publications Database to view publications from this project or other related topics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n                                \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--photo-wall \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--photo-wall\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  \n  <div class=\"photos-container\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"grid-sizer\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"gutter-sizer\"><\/div>\n\n      \n                                                              \n                <div class=\"photo\">\n\n            \n                \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img decoding=\"async\"\n                            src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/uscseagrant\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2023\/11\/Screen-Shot-2023-11-16-at-5.34.37-PM-540x0-c-default.png\"\n                    \n        \n                  alt=\"Pseudo-nitzschia under the microscope\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n\n                          <a href=\"#photo-6798761\" class=\"photo-trigger\" aria-label=\"Expand to view image and text\">\n                <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 35 35\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 35 35\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" fill=\"#000000\" d=\"M28,7v7.9h-2.6l0-3.4l-4.3,4.3c-0.3,0.3-0.6,0.4-0.9,0.4s-0.7-0.1-0.9-0.4c-0.5-0.5-0.5-1.3,0-1.9l4.3-4.3h-3.4V7H28z M7,28v-7.9h2.6v3.4l4.3-4.3c0.5-0.5,1.3-0.5,1.9,0c0.5,0.5,0.5,1.3,0,1.9l-4.3,4.3h3.4V28H7z\"\/><\/svg>\n              <\/a>\n                      <\/div>\n                <div class=\"photo\">\n\n            \n                \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img decoding=\"async\"\n                            src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/uscseagrant\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/05\/NEWS_May2024_KylaKelly_2-540x0-c-default.jpeg\"\n                    \n        \n                  role=\"none\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n\n                      <\/div>\n                <div class=\"photo\">\n\n            \n                \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img decoding=\"async\"\n                            src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/uscseagrant\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/05\/NEWS_May2024_KylaKelly_4-540x0-c-default.jpeg\"\n                    \n        \n                  role=\"none\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n\n                      <\/div>\n                <div class=\"photo\">\n\n            \n                \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img decoding=\"async\"\n                            src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/uscseagrant\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2024\/05\/NEWS_May2024_KylaKelly_1-540x0-c-default.jpeg\"\n                    \n        \n                  role=\"none\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n\n                      <\/div>\n      \n      <\/div>\n\n            <div id=\"photo-6798761\" class=\"photo-lightbox lity-hide\">\n        <div class=\"text-container\">\n          \n                          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  <p>Pseudo-nitzschia under the microscope.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n          \n                  <\/div>\n\n        \n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img decoding=\"async\"\n                            src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/uscseagrant\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2023\/11\/Screen-Shot-2023-11-16-at-5.34.37-PM-1080x0-c-default.png\"\n                    \n        \n                  alt=\"Pseudo-nitzschia under the microscope\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n                        \n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-content-detail.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1970","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Toxic Turmoil - USC Sea Grant<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/uscseagrant\/toxic-turmoil\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Toxic Turmoil - USC Sea Grant\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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