{"id":831,"date":"2023-02-02T11:00:42","date_gmt":"2023-02-02T19:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/teaching-in-dornsife\/?page_id=831"},"modified":"2023-02-06T14:02:33","modified_gmt":"2023-02-06T22:02:33","slug":"blog-post-30","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/teaching-in-dornsife\/faculty-blog\/blog-post-30\/","title":{"rendered":"From Denial to Acceptance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Preparing for an online fall semester<\/p>\n<p>By Amber Foster, Ph.D. &#8211; April 29, 2020<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-837\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/teaching-in-dornsife\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/172\/2023\/02\/Denial-Acceptance-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/teaching-in-dornsife\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/172\/2023\/02\/Denial-Acceptance-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/teaching-in-dornsife\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/172\/2023\/02\/Denial-Acceptance-2048x1153.png 2048w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/teaching-in-dornsife\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/172\/2023\/02\/Denial-Acceptance-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/teaching-in-dornsife\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/172\/2023\/02\/Denial-Acceptance-1280x720.png 1280w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/teaching-in-dornsife\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/172\/2023\/02\/Denial-Acceptance-1920x1080.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Whenever I look back on this spring semester, I feel like someone who has passed through the five stages of grief. I started with denial (\u201cit\u2019s temporary\u2014we\u2019ll be back in the classroom in a couple of weeks!\u201d), moving through the stages (\u201cmaybe if we all wore masks?\u201d) until, finally, arriving at acceptance\u2014realizing that this situation may continue on far longer than we ever believed or hoped it would.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>With only days to shift my courses online, spring semester was an exercise in resilience. Although I had experience in online instruction prior to the crisis, moving a course online halfway through a semester was like trying to change a recipe halfway through cooking.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In my denial stage, a little voice in my head wouldn\u2019t be quiet. \u201cIf you have to teach this course online in the fall, you\u2019ll need to\u2014\u201d it would begin. It won\u2019t happen, I\u2019d interrupt. I missed my old life, the life where I strolled across campus on my way to class, dodging students on penny boards, nodding greetings to colleagues as they did the same. I missed my bedraggled office, hardly larger than a closet, but whose door opened on a hallway full of students and colleagues and rich intellectual life. I missed walking into a classroom and feeling buoyed up by energy of my students, confident in my ability to read the subtle social cues that told me which questions to ask and when it was time to move on to the next activity\u2014something impossible to replicate in Zoom.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>But as the novel coronavirus crisis trudges on, with no vaccine or reliable treatment in sight, we must accept that an online fall semester is on the horizon, and, this time, we can do things differently.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Much of the stress of Spring 2020 came from the need to hit the ground running, jumping over obstacles as they arose. With summer, however, comes the opportunity to recharge our batteries, to slow down and take stock of what we\u2019ve learned. The insight we\u2019ve gained from this ad-hoc spring semester can help us to design courses with the intention of being online, even if they will never be the same as they once were (nor should they be). We can still meet course objectives, and teach students what they need to learn. We can do this because we must\u2014because our collective grief for face-to-face instruction should not come at the cost of human life.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Below are some of my own \u201cnotes to self\u201d\u2014things I want to think more about, as I begin to reimagine my courses for a virtual classroom. I hope they help you as well.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Dedicate class time to community building<\/h4>\n<p>Students will be missing college life. They won\u2019t be hanging out in residence halls or coffee shops. Greek life will be dramatically changed, if it happens at all. For freshmen, our classes may be their first college experience. Even just five or ten minutes of class time, giving students a chance to talk to each other, can make for a better learning atmosphere\u2014students will be eager to come to class, both to learn and to make friends.<\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4>Design participation and attendance policies with online instruction in mind<\/h4>\n<p>We all know the struggle: we have students in different time zones; students who keep audio and video off (either because of technical difficulties or because they\u2019re multitasking); students who caught the virus, or who have family members who have caught the virus; students who need to take care of siblings or children during the day; students without quiet work spaces; students who have to share their Internet with the rest of the household\u2014the list goes on. One thing is clear: attendance and participation policies need to be more flexible, but also more clearly articulated. If our departments do not standardize this, our syllabi will need to state our expectations for \u201cparticipation\u201d and \u201cattendance.\u201d Some questions I\u2019ve been asking myself lately include:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>For synchronous learning, do we want to enforce camera-on participation? If so, would we need to ask students to purchase high-bandwidth Internet at the start of the course, the way we might require a coursebook?<\/li>\n<li>How can we incentivize active, camera-on participation in the synchronous classroom, without reinforcing class discrepancies (who has good internet\/quiet workspaces, and who does not)?<\/li>\n<li>What do we do about time zone differences? Thus far, recording the session and having the student watch it back has been the improvised solution, but we all know this isn\u2019t good pedagogy in the long term. Those students aren\u2019t actively participating in the course\u2014they go from active to passive learners, especially in seminar-style classes. They may also be fast-forwarding to the relevant information they need to do make up work. For a 16-week semester, should we require that students in other time zones be able to participate synchronously (and only enroll in courses they can \u201cattend\u201d)?<\/li>\n<li>How can we make attendance policies more flexible? In many departments and programs, there is a \u201ccap\u201d on the maximum number of allowed absences, even in the case of legitimate excuses (such as illness). However, during a pandemic, I suspect we will need to provide more asynchronous ways for students to make up attendance, particularly in the case of virus-related life disruptions or technology fails.<\/li>\n<li>Should we (or can we) design hybrid courses that could be attended either synchronously or asynchronously? What would that do to our class dynamic?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Think about best practices for asynchronous activities<\/h4>\n<p>Recorded lectures and online quizzes may have worked fine for the emergency shift to online instruction, but for a 16-week semester, we can be more innovative with our asynchronous pedagogy. Best practices for online instruction include things like increasing student interaction and emphasizing quality of student work over quantity. I discussed this in greater depth in a previous blog, but the quick recap is to start thinking about asynchronous lesson design within the context of student engagement. Sixteen weeks is a long time to be fully asynchronous, given that <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244015621777\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attrition rates are generally higher for online courses<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The upshot is that we\u2019re here at USC, a place where we have many resources at our disposal. We have excellent tech support through ITS, and the USC Center for Excellence in Teaching is offering free training in online instruction. Even if we don\u2019t have the technical resources or expertise to design Coursera-level online courses, we can certainly make our current asynchronous teaching practices more effective and engaging.<\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4>Design synchronous lessons with \u201cZoom fatigue\u201d in mind<\/h4>\n<p>Synchronous classes are more dynamic, but students with three or more classes per day on Zoom quickly get exhausted (much like we faculty do). As <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/2020\/04\/coronavirus-zoom-fatigue-is-taxing-the-brain-here-is-why-that-happens\/#close\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Geographic<\/a> writer Julia Sklar writes, Zoom fatigue results from having a \u201ccontinuous partial attention\u201d\u2014the cognitive exhaustion that comes from excessive multitasking. She notes that \u201cFor some people, the prolonged split in attention creates a perplexing sense of being drained while having accomplished nothing. The brain becomes overwhelmed by unfamiliar excess stimuli while being hyper-focused on searching for non-verbal cues that it can\u2019t find.\u201d As instructors, we have to find ways to blend synchronous and asynchronous learning, for the health and well-being of everyone. Even during synchronous teaching, we can mix \u201ccamera on\u201d and \u201ccamera off\u201d activities, to keep Zoom fatigue to a minimum.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Make the online classroom more accessible<\/h4>\n<p>This semester, I had a student with a severe migraine disorder. \u201cIt\u2019s worse when I look at a screen,\u201d they told me. I did my best to accommodate the student\u2019s disability with voice-only office hour chats, and by allowing the student to keep their camera off during class time. But I\u2019m concerned about all the students with disabilities who might be struggling due to the shift to online instruction.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For example, deaf or hard-of-hearing students may have been hit especially hard by the crisis. According to Andrea Lust, an RID-certified[1] American Sign Language (ASL) interpreter here at USC, some professors this semester failed to remind students to embed captions in their presentations. Others didn\u2019t share PowerPoints with deaf students in advance, which forced them to choose between watching their interpreter and watching the slideshow. Lust explains that, while it can be awkward to pause after asking a question, it\u2019s a necessary step to give deaf students time to respond. \u201cIt\u2019s okay to call on deaf students to offer their opinion in class,\u201d she says, adding, \u201cthey are always excited to be included.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Anticipating potential accommodations can make life easier for everyone, and help us to avoid unintentionally leaving students with disabilities out in the cold. At the same time, after courses begin, we have to talk to our students, and encourage them to tell us what they need to succeed in our courses.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For more on accessible classroom practices, see the office of Disability Services and Programs (DSP)\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/dsp.usc.edu\/coronavirus-update-faculty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guide for faculty<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Consider student mental health<\/h4>\n<p>Student mental health is bound to be a major issue in the fall. College is a stressful during the best of times, and existing mental health conditions will likely be exacerbated by protracted periods of social isolation. In our summer preparations, we should make sure we have information about <a href=\"https:\/\/studenthealth.usc.edu\/counseling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campus mental health<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/cwci.usc.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">crisis intervention<\/a> resources close to hand. Our syllabi should emphasize resources available online; we may also want to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.westga.edu\/~distance\/ojdla\/summer172\/barr172.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">learn more about how to recognize the signs of a student in crisis in an online learning environment<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Think about privacy<\/h4>\n<p>There has been considerable debate about the ethics of recording online class sessions. I don\u2019t have room to go into all the complexities of that here, but in a nutshell, nobody wants their classes, homes, or not-ready-for-primetime selves to suddenly show up on YouTube. I intend to put a disclaimer on my fall syllabus, putting in writing that class recordings are for individual, educational purposes only, and not to be shared elsewhere. In addition, U.C. Berkeley put out a <a href=\"https:\/\/ethics.berkeley.edu\/privacy-considerations-when-using-zoom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">helpful guide<\/a> with strategies for ameliorating some of the safety and privacy concerns that come with recording Zoom sessions.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Final Thoughts<\/h4>\n<p>I know I\u2019m not alone when I say I could use a break after this semester. I expect I will need to sleep for about a week once I\u2019ve submitted final grades (I\u2019m also hearing a lot of talk about something called \u201cTiger King.\u201d). In any case, after a nice, long rest, we can begin thinking about the fall. Our students will appreciate online courses that feel organized and well-structured; at the same time, our teaching experience will be less stressful, as we will have had more time\u2014not to mention the wisdom that comes with hindsight\u2014to develop more innovative online courses. Instead of seeing an online fall semester as a burden, we can choose to move from \u201cdenial\u201d to \u201cacceptance\u201d: to see this as an opportunity to expand our pedagogical repertoires and to \u201cteach on,\u201d no matter what bumps may lie in the road ahead.<\/p>\n<p>[1] Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":260,"featured_media":0,"parent":220,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-831","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>From Denial to Acceptance - Teaching at Dornsife<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/teaching-in-dornsife\/faculty-blog\/blog-post-30\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From Denial to Acceptance - 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