{"id":182,"date":"2023-10-31T17:44:17","date_gmt":"2023-11-01T00:44:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/stanford\/?page_id=182"},"modified":"2023-11-09T09:37:15","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T17:37:15","slug":"chimpanzee-and-red-colobus-monkey-predator-prey-ecology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/stanford\/chimpanzee-and-red-colobus-monkey-predator-prey-ecology\/","title":{"rendered":"Chimpanzee and Red Colobus monkey predator-prey ecology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\"\"During the early and mid-1990s, I conducted postdoctoral research on the ecological relationship between chimpanzees and the red colobus monkeys that are their favorite prey in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Although the fact that chimpanzee hunt and relish meat was well known, the details of hunting were poorly understood. The main mammalian prey of chimpanzees is red colobus monkeys at all sites where the two co-occur. By studying two colobus groups and also following enough chimpanzees parties to see 120 encounters between the two species, I was able to test hypotheses about 1)the effects of predation on colobus behavior, ecology and demography, 2)the causes of chimpanzee hunting, and 3)the influence of chimpanzee hunting on colobus social behavioral strategies.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"Together with other field studies of chimpanzees predatory behavior (Boesch and Boesch, 1989; Mitani and Watts, 2001), I was able to address both social and ecological influences on the pattern of hunting, and on the long term effects of hunting on colobus social evolution.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Why do chimpanzees hunt ? There is an energetic\/nutritional bottom line clearly demonstrated for hunting at multiple study sites, but social factors just as clearly also influence hunting.\u00a0 The particular forest ecology, season, alternative food availability, demographic structure of both chimpanzee and colobus populations, and opportunities for social strategizing, all clearly influence chimpanzee hunting.\u00a0 In Chimpanzee and Red Colobus<\/em> I outlined at least 16 factors that come into play that predict hunting.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The results of my Gombe work were also useful to paleoanthropologists and archaeologists to model how and why early hominids may have obtained and use meat. We know that meat became an increasingly important part of the diet by about 2.5 million years because we find stone tools in the fossil record. Before that time, proto-hominids were no doubt eating meat as well, but without any archaeological record, living apes offer a window onto past behavior.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

This work was conducted with the help of the Gombe Stream Research Centre, and the support of the Tanzanian government, National Geographic Society, National Science Foundation, L.S.B. Leakey Foundation, and Fulbright Foundation.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Selected publications on chimpanzee hunting ecology\/meat-eating and human evolution.<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Finch, C.E. and C.B. Stanford.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Meat-adaptive genes and the evolution of slower aging in humans.\u00a0 Quarterly Review of Biology<\/em> 79: 1-50.( in 2004)<\/p>\n

Stanford, C.B. and H.T. Bunn (editors)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Meat-eating and Human Evolution<\/em>.\u00a0 Oxford University Press.(in 2001 )<\/p>\n

Stanford, C.B.<\/strong><\/p>\n

A comparison of social meat-foraging by chimpanzees and human foragers.\u00a0 In Meat-eating and Human Evolution<\/em> (C. Stanford and H. Bunn, eds), pp. 122-140.\u00a0 Oxford University Press. (in 2001)<\/p>\n

Plummer, T. and C.B. Stanford.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Analysis of a prey bone assemblage made by wild chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania.\u00a0 Journal of Human Evolution<\/em> 39: 245-265.(in 2000\u00a0)[.pdf]<\/a><\/p>\n

Stanford, C.B.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Hunting Apes: Meat-eating and the Origins of Human Behavior<\/em>.\u00a0 Princeton University Press.(in 1999)<\/p>\n

Stanford, C.B. and C.H. Janson (editors).\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Predation and Primate Social Systems.\u00a0 Behaviour<\/em> 135: 389-533.( in 1998\u00a0)[.pdf]<\/a><\/p>\n

Stanford, C.B.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Predation and male bonds in primate societies.\u00a0 Behaviour<\/em> 135: 513-533.(in 1998\u00a0)[.pdf]<\/a><\/p>\n

Stanford, C.B<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Chimpanzee and Red Colobus: The Ecology of Predator and Prey<\/em>.\u00a0 Harvard University Press.(in 1998)<\/p>\n

Stanford, C.B<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The hunting ecology of wild chimpanzees; implications for the behavioral ecology of Pliocene hominids.\u00a0 American Anthropologist<\/em>\u00a0 98: 96-113.(in 1996)[.pdf]<\/a><\/p>\n

Stanford, C.B.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The influence of chimpanzee predation on group size and anti-predator behaviour in red colobus monkeys.\u00a0 Animal Behaviour<\/em> 49: 577-587.(in 1995)[.pdf]<\/a><\/p>\n

Stanford, C.B.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chimpanzee hunting behavior and human evolution. \u00a0American Scientist<\/em>\u00a0 83 (3): 256-261. ( in 1995)<\/p>\n

Stanford, C.B., J. Wallis, E. Mpongo and J. Goodall.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hunting decisions in wild chimpanzees. \u00a0Behaviour<\/em> 131: 1-20.( in 1994\u00a0)[.pdf]<\/a><\/p>\n

Stanford, C.B., J. Wallis, H. Matama\u00a0 and J. Goodall.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Patterns of predation by chimpanzees on red colobus monkeys in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, 1982-1991.\u00a0 \u00a0American Journal of Physical Anthropology<\/em>\u00a0 94: 213-228.[.pdf]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-content-detail.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-182","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChimpanzee and Red Colobus monkey predator-prey ecology - Craig Stanford, PhD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/stanford\/chimpanzee-and-red-colobus-monkey-predator-prey-ecology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chimpanzee and Red Colobus monkey predator-prey ecology - 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