{"id":770,"date":"2025-12-07T19:06:37","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T03:06:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/scribe\/?p=770"},"modified":"2025-12-07T19:07:11","modified_gmt":"2025-12-08T03:07:11","slug":"china-and-the-united-states-is-trade-the-key-to-peace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/scribe\/2025\/12\/07\/china-and-the-united-states-is-trade-the-key-to-peace\/","title":{"rendered":"China and the United States: Is Trade the Key to Peace?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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China and the United States: Is Trade the Key to Peace?<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n \n \n By<\/span>Marley Quinn<\/strong>\n \n December 7, 2025<\/span>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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All it takes is one flick of a hand, a poorly positioned piece, or a draft of wind to bring all
\nthe dominoes crashing down. China and the United States are dominoes struggling to stay up
\ndespite the tension they place on each other. As two major world superpowers, China and the
\nUnited States have had a strained relationship for many years. Fighting because of resources,
\ntrade, and different governing ideologies, they have found it difficult to become allies. In order to
\nanalyze their relationship and decipher whether their future will result in conflict or alliance, this
\nessay will give a brief history of China and the United States to contextualize the foundation of
\ntheir relationship. Then, it will discuss liberalism, realism, constructivism, post-colonial
\napproaches, and how these theories tie into a possible outcome. Lastly, it will delve into the most
\npressing issue that impacts China and the United States\u2019 relationship: the China\/Taiwan issue.
\nDespite the crucial trade ties between China and the US, the complex history and relationship
\nthey have cultivated over the years make conflict likely as they contend for greater control and
\nstatus.
\nDating back to the late 1800s, China and the United States started off on the wrong foot.
\nAs a newly formed country, the United States wanted to create relations with the longstanding
\nChina. However, according to the novel, America\u2019s First Adventure in China, Qing Emperor
\nQianlong decreed, \u201cSince the productions of our empire are manifold and in great abundance,
\nChina did not stand in the least need of produce of other countries\u201d (Hadad 2013). Since China had a history of excellence because of its innovations, it did not deem it necessary to open its
\nborders and come into contact with the Western world. This was when the United States began
\ntrying to find a product that the Chinese would consider valuable enough to trade for. Their
\nanswer was the narcotic opium. Derived from poppy seeds, opium served as an addictive
\ndepressant for the Chinese population. Americans \u201cregarded opium, or rather the wealth derived
\nfrom it, as fueling their rise in the world\u201d (Hadad 2013). Opium became immensely popular in
\nChina, with civilians acquiring the drug by any means possible. Although opium helped propel
\nthe American economy, it did the opposite for the Chinese. This narcotic was what initiated the
\nCentury of Humiliation, a period of time where the Chinese were subjugated at the hands of
\nWestern and Japanese powers (Becker). This era helped form a major part of Chinese historical
\nmemory, with China\u2019s main foreign policy centered around returning to the greatness that it had
\nbefore Westerners intervened.
\nMoving more than 100 years forward, the formation of the People\u2019s Republic of China is
\na major factor in the US-China conflict in relation to Taiwan, specifically. After many
\nrevolutions had swept the country following the opium wars, China was in the middle of a civil
\nwar in order to bring an end to the Century of Humiliation. The Kuomintang government,
\nsupported by the United States, moved the capital of China to Taiwan, forming the Republic of
\nChina, while the Chinese Communist Party formed the People\u2019s Republic of China on the
\nmainland (Becker). Leading up to the present, one of China\u2019s goals has been the \u201creunification\u201d
\nof China by bringing Taiwan back into the nation, which revisits China\u2019s desire to return to
\ngreatness. This has led to interference from the United States which supports Taiwan against
\nChina.<\/p>\n

After discussing the history of China and the United States, multiple theories can be
\napplied to further analyze the trajectory of the two countries\u2019 conflict. Firstly, realism states that,
\n\u201cInternational outcomes depend on the power of actors involved, with those having greater
\npower determining outcomes in their own interests\u201d (Sterling-Folker 2006). Realism emphasizes
\nthat countries are driven by power, which ultimately leads them into conflict. When looking at
\nChina and the United States from a realist perspective, their eventual dispute is likely, as they are
\ntwo opposing actors fighting for more power. A realist solution would be for the two countries to
\nengage in combat, with one coming out as the victor.
\nAnother perspective is to look at the conflict through a liberalist lens. Liberalism can be
\nseen as the opposite of realism because it focuses more on \u201cpeace, prosperity, and justice\u201d
\n(Sterling-Folker 2006). Striving for freedom and equality, liberalism centers on spreading
\ndemocracy worldwide, which ties into the democratic peace theory, which states that democratic
\ncountries are less likely to go to war with one another. As the United States is a democratic
\ncountry, it wishes to employ the democratic peace theory in order to bring order and harmony to
\nsociety. However, the fact that China is communist is a large obstacle in its way. According to
\nliberalism, the conflict between China and the United States can be solved peacefully through
\nmodes of cooperation such as treaties. More aggressive methods are frowned upon.
\nConstructivism helps shape a country&#39;s identity and plays a large role in China&#39;s and the
\nUnited States\u2019 foreign policy. Constructivism explains that \u201chistorical memory is important in
\nforming a unique, yet ever-changing, identity\u2026which guides state foreign policy behavior\u201d
\n(Becker 2013). A state\u2019s identity helps develop its culture and ideals as well as how it deals with
\nforeign powers. For China, its foreign policy stems from the embarrassment citizens felt during
\nthe Century of Humiliation, which makes up its historical memory and identity. These two factors shape China\u2019s desire to return to greatness, resulting in a more uncooperative attitude
\ntowards the United States because of the role they played in the Century of Humiliation. The
\nUnited States, on the other hand, fought for its freedom and established a democracy. As
\npreviously mentioned, it desires to spread democracy throughout the world. After analyzing
\nthese factors, the differing foreign policies of a democratic state and a communist state give rise
\nto a likelihood of conflict.
\nThe last theory of postcolonial approaches explores the effects of colonialism on
\ncountries, which ties heavily into how they shape their values. The United States, who were
\npreviously thirteen colonies, and China, which was not formally colonized by Britain, still
\nsuffered under Western domination. Colonialism heavily impacted their identity and desire for
\npower. Although the United States is against colonialism, it still allied with the British in order to
\nhelp take control of China. This alliance with Western powers helped boost their standing in the
\nworld. This fact emphasizes how crucial European powers were by stating, \u201cwhether non-
\nEuropeans welcomed or disliked the Europeans, they were deeply impressed and found it
\ndifficult to resist what the Europeans had to offer\u201d (Seth 2022). To this day, the United States
\nengages in creating colonies in order to further propel its wealth, thanks to exposure to the
\nWestern world. China, on the other hand, rejected the Europeans. These two polar-opposite
\nresponses to colonialism demonstrate a higher chance of conflict between the United States and
\nChina.
\nPresently, tensions between the United States and China are reaching an all-time high.
\nTrade is one of the major ties between the states, with each acting as a major importer and
\nexporter to the other. Through globalization, China became the United States&#39; number one trade
\npartner, accounting for 17% of the United States&#39; total trade (US Census Bureau). Even so, the trade relationship between China and the United States has not been equal. Instead, it has been
\n\u201ccharacterized by both strong interdependence and huge imbalances\u201d (Liang and Ding 2021).
\nAlthough the two countries shift between surpluses and deficits with one another, the outcome is
\nthat trade heavily benefits both the United States and China. It is a major factor in why these two
\nstates should not engage in conflict with one another. Their complex trade relationship would
\nprove detrimental for both if they were to lose each other as trading partners.
\nThis statement is essential in understanding the significance of the Taiwan issue. As
\nstated before, China believes that Taiwan is a part of China and wishes to one day unify the
\ncountry. Taiwan wishes to remain its own republic and does not desire to return to China.
\nFurthermore, the United States has been supplying Taiwan with weapons, much to China\u2019s
\ndisdain (Maizland nd). Although the United States has not fully stated that it would defend
\nTaiwan if China attacked, it has not refuted the speculation either. Returning Taiwan to China is
\nimperative to the People\u2019s Republic of China. According to the Council on Foreign Relations,
\n\u201cXi has emphasized that unification with Taiwan is essential to achieving what he calls the
\nChinese Dream, which sees China\u2019s great-power status restored by 2049\u201d (Maizland, nd). This
\nrelates to China\u2019s historical memory with a desire to return to greatness, which conflicts with the
\nUnited States&#39; desire to protect democracy and protect state freedom. These paradoxical values
\ncontinue to keep China and the United States at odds.
\nAnother spark of conflict that Taiwan can ignite is centered around its production of
\ncomputer chips. The United States and China have been engaging in a trade war since 2018, with
\na back-and-forth of tariffs between the two. Most notably, the United States put sanctions on
\nChina\u2019s computer chips in hopes of slowing down its technological and military advancements
\n(Becker). Taiwan produces the world\u2019s best computer chips, which help power many electronic appliances around the world, including phones, tablets, cars, and medical devices. Because of
\nthis, China and the United States are likely to go to war over Taiwan in order to acquire the
\nmeans to make computer chips.
\nHowever, Taiwan can also serve as a necessary means for peace. Taiwan holds much
\npower over the global world, so if war were to start there, it would be detrimental for computer
\nchip manufacturing,which would impact the whole world. Chris Miller states, \u201cSuch a scenario
\nwould be disastrous for America\u2019s economic and geopolitical position. Every company that\u2019s
\ninvested on either side of the Taiwan Strait, from Apple to Huawei, is implicitly betting on
\npeace\u201d (Miller 2022). Any country that utilizes electronics and hosts such companies would
\nsuffer major economic losses and lose access to technological advances. Furthermore, China
\nmakes the electronics out of the chips they receive, which are sent to the United States (Miller
\n2022). Therefore, if the two were to go to war, the United States would be at a severe economic
\ndisadvantage, and China would be able to become an even greater superpower. With all these
\nfactors taken into account, Taiwan serves as a pivotal issue influencing whether the United States
\nand China conflict will end in peace or war.
\nWith a complex history dating back hundreds of years, China and the United States have
\nhad multiple opportunities to engage in conflict. While conflict is likely, economic
\ninterdependence makes it difficult for war to come into actualization. By forming closer ties and
\nbecoming more dependent on each other economically, China and the United States have more
\nincentive to maintain peaceful relations. Without trade, the possibility of China and the United
\nStates going to war with each other will be much greater.
\n\u200b<\/p>\n

Works Cited<\/p>\n

Becker, Douglas John. \u201cThe Economy Slides\u201d IR 101, 1 October 2023, University of Southern
\nCalifornia, Class Notes
\nBecker, Douglas John. \u201cCarving Up China Slides\u201d IR 101, 12 November 2023,
\nUniversity of Southern California, Class Notes
\nDovile Budryte, et al. Memory and Trauma in International Relations : Theories, Cases
\nand Debates. London, Routledge, 2016.
\n\u201cForeign Trade – U.S. Trade With .\u201d Census.gov, 2018, www.census.gov\/foreign-
\ntrade\/statistics\/highlights\/toppartners.html.
\nGuoyong Liang, and Haoyuan Ding. The China-US Trade War. Abingdon, Oxon ; New
\nYork, Ny, Routledge, 2021.
\nHADDAD, JOHN R. America\u2019s First Adventure in China: Trade, Treaties, Opium, and
\nSalvation. Temple University Press, 2013. JSTOR,
\nhttp:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt1bw1htx. Accessed 27 Nov. 2023.
\nJennifer Anne Sterling-Folker. Making Sense of International Relations Theory. Boulder,
\nColo., Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc, 2013.
\nLindsay, Maizland. \u201cWhy China-Taiwan Relations Are so Tense.\u201d Council on Foreign
\nRelations, www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/china-taiwan-relations-tension-us-policy-
\nbiden#chapter-title-0-6.
\nMiller, Chris. Chip War. Simon and Schuster, 4 Oct. 2022.
\nSeth, Sanjay. Postcolonial Theory and International Relations : A Critical Introduction.
\nLondon ; New York, Routledge, 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1036,"featured_media":771,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChina and the United States: Is Trade the Key to Peace?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/scribe\/2025\/12\/07\/china-and-the-united-states-is-trade-the-key-to-peace\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China and the United States: Is Trade the Key to Peace? 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