{"id":632,"date":"2022-07-25T09:45:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-25T16:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/lastseen-searching-for-forgotten-photographs-of-nazi-deportations\/"},"modified":"2024-07-19T11:18:37","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T18:18:37","slug":"quest-for-holocaust-images","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/quest-for-holocaust-images\/","title":{"rendered":"#LastSeen: Searching for forgotten photographs of Nazi deportations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                          \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3741-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3741-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"#LastSeen: Searching for forgotten photographs of Nazi deportations\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Two young Jewish girls await deportation from Munich to a Nazi-established ghetto in 1941 in this rare image. (Photo: Courtesy of the City of Munich Archives.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=social-impact\">Social Impact<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>#LastSeen: Searching for forgotten photographs of Nazi deportations<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  USC Dornsife\u2019s Center for Advanced Genocide Research is the only non-German partner in the first major international initiative to search for and analyze images showing Nazi deportations during World War II \u2014 and they want the public\u2019s help.\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Susan Bell<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">July 25, 2022<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m7.43475275 9.52380952-2.17490843 2.26076008c-1.08745421 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     >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Bundled up against the winter chill, the two little girls gaze out of the black-and-white photograph with contrasting expressions. The younger child at right offers a rueful smile. But it is the solemn little girl on the left, wearing a fur scarf and hat, her mournful gaze directed straight at the camera, who holds our attention. Her beauty and sadness alone are enough to haunt our dreams. But when you add the Stars of David stitched to both children\u2019s coats, branding them as Jewish under Nazi rule, and then note the photograph\u2019s date \u2014 Nov. 11, 1941 \u2014 the image becomes unforgettable.<\/p>\n<p>The two children shown in the photo, along with nearly 1,000 other German Jews, were deported from Munich on Nov. 20, 1941 \u2014 then murdered days later in the Kovno Ghetto of Nazi-occupied Lithuania.<\/p>\n<p>Through the study of more photographs depicting Nazi deportations, like this rare image \u2014 one of only a few hundred known to exist worldwide \u2014 participants in a groundbreaking new initiative hope to improve their understanding of these events and piece together the untold stories of both victims and perpetrators of the Holocaust. For assistance, they\u2019re turning to the public.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPhotographs of these tragic events are rare, but with the public\u2019s help, we hope more, currently unknown, images will be discovered\u00a0\u2014\u00a0not only in archives and museums, but also in private attics and basements,\u201d says\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/cf\/faculty-and-staff\/faculty.cfm?pid=1020030\">Wolf Gruner<\/a>, founding director of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/cagr\">Center for Advanced Genocide Research<\/a>\u00a0(CAGR) at the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Shapell-Guerin Chair of Jewish Studies and professor of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/hist\/\">history<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>CAGR is currently the only institution outside Germany supporting the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/lost-holocaust-stories-from-photos\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>#LastSeen Project \u2014 Pictures of Nazi Deportations<\/em><\/a>, which was launched late last year. Funded by the German government, its goal is to gather, analyze and digitally publish pictures of Nazi mass deportations of Jews, Romani people and people with disabilities from the German Reich between 1938 and 1945.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWho knows how many photographs like the one of the two little girls above are lying forgotten in the homes of survivors and their descendants?\u201d says Gruner. \u201cAs the only North American organization involved in the project, we need the English-speaking public\u2019s help to search for these images, so we can analyze them to build a more detailed picture of what happened during Nazi deportations.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The project is a collaboration between the Arolsen Archives, the City of Munich Archives, the Center for Research on Antisemitism at the Technical University Berlin, the House of the Wannsee Conference memorial site, and CAGR.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cUsually, we see photographs of deportations as just a group of people dragged through a city by uniformed perpetrators,\u201d says Gruner. \u201cBut with this project, we want to illuminate who these people were and what happened to them. Who were the victims, the perpetrators and the onlookers?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Gruner says the first step to answering these questions is to gather existing photographs. The second is to find more images. The third is to analyze them and uncover their stories.<\/p>\n<div class=\"news-image-full\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/migration-uploads\/Last_Seen_Project_InStoryA-3741.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photograph of people standing in front of a train at a train station. Some of the people are wearing Nazi military dress.\" \/><\/p>\n<p>While not a single photograph has been found so far of the Nazi deportation of more than 50,000 Jewish residents of Berlin, Munich is different. The City of Munich Archives hold 14, including this one showing the first deportation \u2014 one of the few to take place at night \u2014 from Munich to the Kovno Ghetto in Lithuania on Nov. 20, 1941. (Photo: Courtesy of the City of Munich Archives.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>First-of-its kind project<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cPhotos of Nazi mass deportations have never before been brought together, made available as a digital collection, and analyzed collectively in any systematic way,\u201d says\u00a0Alina Bothe, #LastSeen project manager in Berlin.\u00a0\u201cNor has there been a concerted effort to search for more photos.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>These pictures tell many stories \u2014 of the deportees, the perpetrators and the spectators, says Bothe, who invites the public to help by finding photographs in museums, archives, private attics, basements, or even dusty photo albums.<\/p>\n<p>In its first phase, the #LastSeen Project will cover Germany before branching out to also incorporate other territories once occupied by Nazi Germany, such as Austria, France and Poland. These stages include intensive research in archives and public outreach.<\/p>\n<p>The project is also developing a digital platform to publish the pictures with information about their origins as well as the people and locations shown in the images.<\/p>\n<p>Part of the project includes building educational tools on how to find, analyze and understand photos of Nazi deportations.<\/p>\n<p>The project has already yielded exciting results.<\/p>\n<p>At its launch, it was thought that pictures of mass deportations existed from approximately 30 German cities and towns.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA few months into the project, after contacting more than 1,500 German archives, we have already identified pictures from more than 60 locations in Germany \u2014 a total of 525 images,\u201d Gruner says. \u201cEven for many of the places that were already known, we have discovered more photos than we previously knew existed.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Project researchers identified two photos in the archives of the Center for Jewish Studies in New York, showing a deportation from Bad Homburg, Germany. \u201cThe German city and its archive had no idea that the Nazi deportation in their town had even been photographed,\u201d Gruner says.<\/p>\n<p>Gruner made an unexpected discovery of his own in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sfi.usc.edu\/what-we-do\/collections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Visual History Archive<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sfi.usc.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USC Shoah Foundation<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 the Institute for Visual History and Education, which in addition to thousands of interviews with Holocaust survivors, also contains images of interviewees\u2019 photographs \u2014 often cherished wedding photographs that had journeyed through the Holocaust with them.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTo my surprise, we actually had four photographs of Nazi deportations in the archive which I discovered after just a five-minute search,\u201d he says. \u201cNone of the project researchers in Germany knew the photos existed.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Gruner said his contribution to the project includes digging deeper into the USC Shoah Foundation archives to find more photographs and raising awareness of the project in the English-speaking world \u2014 especially the United States, but also Canada, Australia and South Africa \u2014 to encourage descendants of survivors and museums to share any photographs they may have or know of.<\/p>\n<div class=\"news-image-full\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/migration-uploads\/Last_Seen_Project_InStoryB-3741.jpg\" alt=\"A long line of people carrying their belongings march through a small town.\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Almost 500 Romani families are marched through the streets of Asperg, a small town in south-west Germany on May 22, 1940 as they are deported. (Photo: &#8220;Research Office for Racial Hygiene,&#8221; photographer unknown.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Why now? And why so few photos?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The initiative is particularly timely. This July marks the 80th anniversary of the first deportation of German Jews from Nazi Germany to Auschwitz. It is also the 80th anniversary of the largest mass roundup and detention of Jewish families in France by French police collaborating with their Nazi occupiers. For two days in July 1942, more than 13,000 Jews were arrested in France and deported to camps in Nazi occupied Eastern Europe.<\/p>\n<p>The evident historic and commemorative value of the multi-institutional #LastSeen Project begs the question: Why has this never been attempted before?<\/p>\n<p>Gruner says that while there has been tremendous interest in documenting the Holocaust, it is only in the last 20 years that historians began thinking of photographs as important primary sources rather than merely as illustrations.<\/p>\n<p>Also, Gruner says, we now live in an era with few remaining survivors, so we need to think about different ways to tell the story of the Holocaust. And one way to do that is by using images.<\/p>\n<p>This brings us to another question: Why are there so few surviving photographs of the deportations? Is it because very few were taken or because they are now lying, forgotten in archives, attics or family photo albums? Or is it a result of Nazi efforts to prohibit or confiscate and destroy any images of the persecution of the Jews?<\/p>\n<p>The answer, Gruner says, is \u201call of the above.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While the Nazis did not officially use photography to document the deportations, most of the surviving photographs were taken by individual perpetrators, such as members of the Nazi Party\u2019s SS or Gestapo. Some were also taken by local officials. Police commanders or mayors ordered the pictures taken as a point of pride to document how well the local authorities had succeeded in clearing their town of Jews.<\/p>\n<p>Gruner says they want to identify the people in these photographs to commemorate the victims, but also to create knowledge about the perpetrators.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEvery piece of knowledge is important to understand why mass violence emerges and is perpetrated in past societies, but this helps us also understand how it can emerge in current or future societies. So, creating this kind of knowledge to understand these processes better helps us also to find possible remedies to prevent such atrocities in the future.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>If you are interested in learning more about the #LastSeen Project and how you can get involved, CAGR is hosting an online event on Aug. 29 at noon. Find more information and RSVP on the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/cagr\/events\/lastseen-project-searching-unknown-pictures-nazi-deportations\">event webpage<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>USC Dornsife\u2019s Center for Advanced Genocide Research is the only non-German partner in the first major international initiative to search for and analyze images showing Nazi deportations during World War II \u2014 and they want the public\u2019s 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