{"id":5071,"date":"2017-05-09T13:30:00","date_gmt":"2017-05-09T20:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/four-challenges-for-moon-jae-in-south-koreas-new-president\/"},"modified":"2023-04-19T11:09:25","modified_gmt":"2023-04-19T18:09:25","slug":"four-challenges-for-moon-jae-in-south-koreas-new-president","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/four-challenges-for-moon-jae-in-south-koreas-new-president\/","title":{"rendered":"Four challenges for Moon Jae-in, South Korea\u2019s new president"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n            \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-2606-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-2606-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"Four challenges for Moon Jae-in, South Korea\u2019s new president\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  South Korea\u2019s Moon Jae-in was victorious in the presidential election on May 9, 2017. AP Photo by Ahn Young-joon.\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=dornsife-global\">Dornsife Global<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>Four challenges for Moon Jae-in, South Korea\u2019s new president<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  An aggressive neighbor to the north, a sputtering economy at home \u2013 in The Conversation, Marco Milani and a colleague look at the thorny issues facing the country\u2019s new leader.\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Marco Milani<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">May 9, 2017<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m7.43475275 9.52380952-2.17490843 2.26076008c-1.08745421 1.058837-1.68841575 2.518315-1.68841575 4.0350275 0 1.5167124.60096154 2.9475732 1.68841575 4.0350274 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xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m8.14285714 9.42857143c-.17142857 0-.34285714 0-.51428571.08571428l7.28571427 6.34285719c.3428572.2571428.6857143.2571428.9428572 0l7.2857142-6.34285719c-.0857142-.08571428-.2571428-.08571428-.4285714-.08571428zm-1.28571428 1.11428567v.1714286 8.5714286c0 .6857143.6 1.2857143 1.28571428 1.2857143h14.57142856c.6857143 0 1.2857143-.6 1.2857143-1.2857143v-8.5714286c0-.0857143 0-.0857143 0-.1714286l-7.2 6.3428572c-.7714286.6857143-1.8857143.6857143-2.6571429 0z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(-6 -9)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Email<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                  <\/span>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n  \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Democrat Moon Jae-in is <a href=\"http:\/\/english.yonhapnews.co.kr\/focus\/2017\/05\/09\/56\/1700000000AEN20170509001200315F.html\">the new president of South Korea<\/a>. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.edu.au\/content\/77422\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\"><\/p>\n<p>Moon, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/may\/09\/moon-jae-in-the-south-korean-pragmatist-who-would-be-presidentc\">former special forces soldier turned human rights lawyer<\/a>, won a snap election, following months of mass protests that ousted President Park Geun-hye last December.<\/p>\n<p>The grace period for Moon will be short. Increasing regional tensions and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2016\/10\/mass-protests-south-korean-president-park-161029123150734.html\">demonstrations<\/a> against corruption characterized the presidential race in <a href=\"http:\/\/statisticstimes.com\/economy\/asian-countries-by-gdp.php\">Asia&rsquo;s fourth-largest economy<\/a>. During the campaign, Moon <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/may\/09\/south-korea-looks-past-park-as-presidential-election-gets-under-way\">promised to address the systemic problems<\/a> that led to Park&rsquo;s impeachment, creating expectations that will define his administration.<\/p>\n<p>Here&rsquo;s what our years of studying Korean <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/14442213.2013.789070\">migration<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/28322587\/Korean_Peninsula_2015_One_step_forward_and_two_steps_back\">security<\/a> led us to see as the biggest challenges facing Moon.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Kim Jong-Un&rsquo;s nuclear threat<\/h2>\n<p>Moon, the son of refugees from North Korea, favors <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/moon-jae-south-korea-election-596620\">engagement and cooperation with North Korea<\/a>. On the campaign trail, Moon repeatedly stated he is open to negotiations with North Korea and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/parallels\/2017\/05\/05\/527027240\/leading-south-korean-presidential-candidate-moon-aims-to-negotiate-with-north\">willing to meet Kim Jong-un<\/a>. The <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/should-we-really-be-so-afraid-of-a-nuclear-north-korea-71855\">nuclear issue<\/a> is now central to inter-Korean relations. If Moon plans a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/parallels\/2017\/05\/05\/527027240\/leading-south-korean-presidential-candidate-moon-aims-to-negotiate-with-north\">&ldquo;Sunshine Policy 2.0&rdquo;<\/a> &ndash; a revival of dialogue and economic aid to North Korea &ndash; he&rsquo;ll need to convince critics that resuming economic cooperation will not fund Kim Jong-un&rsquo;s nuclear program.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Two important allies<\/h2>\n<p>Caught between the U.S. and China, Moon will try to pursue an independent foreign policy.<\/p>\n<p>Moon needs to manage the Trump administration&rsquo;s <a href=\"http:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2017\/04\/earth-to-trump-needed-an-east-asia-policy\/\">conflicted<\/a> approach to the region. Trump has voiced the possibility of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/4d9f65d6-17bd-11e7-9c35-0dd2cb31823a\">unilateral action<\/a> against North Korea, but also suggested that he would be <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-asia-39773337\">honored to meet Kim Jong-un<\/a>. Trump stressed the importance of the alliance with South Korea, but also said that South Korea should <a href=\"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2017\/04\/28\/trump-thaad-south-korea-trade\/\">pay for the anti-missile THAAD<\/a> system the U.S. has <a href=\"http:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2017\/03\/us-south-korea-try-to-reassure-china-on-thaad\/\">deployed on South Korean soil<\/a>. And, Trump has suggested that the <a href=\"http:\/\/uk.businessinsider.com\/what-is-korea-us-trade-deal-korus-2017-4\">U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement<\/a> will be renegotiated.<\/p>\n<p>Moon also has fences to mend with China, South Korea&rsquo;s biggest trading partner. China has criticized the deployment of THAAD as an <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2017\/03\/17\/thaad-anti-missile-system-makes-china-lash-out-at-south-korea.html\">act of aggression<\/a> aimed at China and retaliated economically by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-southkorea-china-thaad-idUSKBN16R03D\">slowing Chinese tourism to South Korea<\/a>. China accounts for <a href=\"http:\/\/atlas.media.mit.edu\/en\/profile\/country\/kor\/#Imports\">US$131 billion in South Korean export trade<\/a>, while the number of Chinese tourists quadrupled to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/south-korean-stocks-chinese-anger-thaad\/3748022.html\">8 million<\/a> over the last five years, bringing in some $8 billion in duty-free sales alone.<\/p>\n<p>Trying to please both sides will be a diplomatic high wire act.<\/p>\n<h2>3. The struggling economy<\/h2>\n<p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2016\/11\/02\/asia\/south-korea-president-scandal-explained\/\">scandal<\/a> that saw the former president <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/mar\/30\/south-korea-park-geun-hye-arrest-warrant\">arrested on corruption charges<\/a> highlighted South Korea&rsquo;s dependence on huge family-owned businesses, or &ldquo;chaebol,&rdquo; such as Samsung. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investing.com\/news\/economy-news\/if-elected,-south-korea's-moon-may-put-economy-ahead-of-jobs-and-tax-hikes-480968\">Moon has promised to revive the flagging economy<\/a> while <a href=\"http:\/\/uk.businessinsider.com\/moon-jae-in-south-korea-election-soften-tone-on-north-korea-2017-4\">curbing the chaebols&rsquo; power<\/a>. Even if Moon achieves this mammoth task, he will still have to tackle <a href=\"http:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2016\/12\/14\/business\/economy-business\/south-koreas-youth-unemployment-rate-rises-record-high\/\">South Korea&rsquo;s rising youth unemployment<\/a> and its overreliance on an export economy that made it vulnerable to <a href=\"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2017\/03\/10\/news\/economy\/south-korea-economy-president-park-out\/\">economic retaliation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Trust-building and constitutional reform<\/h2>\n<p>Moon painted himself as the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/south-koreas-next-president-faces-a-belligerent-north-and-a-confused-us-77126\">antidote to Park&rsquo;s corrupt<\/a>, authoritarian administration. But that scandal is just the tip of the iceberg. The movement that brought millions into the streets of Seoul <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2017-05-07\/s-koreans-want-new-leader-to-create-jobs-minus-corruption\">wants political and institutional reform<\/a> with greater transparency and more popular participation.<\/p>\n<p>Moon must work to rebuilding trust between the people and the political elite. Constitutional reform is needed to end the country&rsquo;s imperial presidency and return power to the National Assembly. This is a key step to bring people back into the political process and give them an effective voice.<\/p>\n<p>The frustration many South Koreans feel with collusion and graft pushed Moon to victory. The question is: Can he distinguish himself from a decade of conservative, pro-big business presidents without being labeled a North Korean sympathizer? Or will he end up yet another in a growing list of disgraced South Korean leaders?<\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/markus-bell-332943\">Markus Bell<\/a>, Anthropologist and Lecturer in Korean and Japanese studies, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-sheffield-1147\">University of Sheffield<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/marco-milani-332998\">Marco Milani<\/a>, Postdoctoral Scholar, Korean Studies Institute, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-southern-california-dornsife-college-of-letters-arts-and-sciences-2669\">University of Southern California &ndash; Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This article was originally published on <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a>. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/four-challenges-for-moon-jae-in-south-koreas-new-president-77422\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An aggressive neighbor to the north, a sputtering economy at home \u2013 in The Conversation, Marco Milani and a colleague look at the thorny issues facing the country\u2019s new leader.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":5074,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[87,931],"class_list":["post-5071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dornsife-global","tag-expert-viewpoint","tag-south-korea"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Four challenges for 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