{"id":4191,"date":"2018-07-12T22:10:00","date_gmt":"2018-07-13T05:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/ideas-of-luck-and-superstition-vary-among-cultures-around-the-world\/"},"modified":"2024-08-30T08:56:58","modified_gmt":"2024-08-30T15:56:58","slug":"friday-the-13th-superstitions-and-luck","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/friday-the-13th-superstitions-and-luck\/","title":{"rendered":"Ideas of luck and superstition vary among cultures around the world"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                          \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2018\/07\/Superstition_1200x690-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2018\/07\/Superstition_1200x690-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"Black cat, a red number 13, a bowl of soup with a chopstick, and cockroaches, all against a backdrop of eggs\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  What is considered lucky and what can bring misfortune? According to USC Dornsife faculty, cockroaches and eggs are perceived as bringing good fortune, while black cats can be an omen of bad luck. Oh, and always remember to lay your chopsticks across the bowl, rather than sticking them in upright. (Composite of images by Matthew Savino.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=arts-and-culture\">Arts and Culture<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>Ideas of luck and superstition vary among cultures around the world<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  From cockroaches to geckos, numbers to colors, superstitions vary dramatically from culture to culture. For this Friday the 13th, USC Dornsife faculty trace what we share and how we differ in what we believe brings us good luck \u2014 and bad. <strong>[7 min read]<\/strong>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Susan Bell<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">July 12, 2018<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span 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   \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>This Friday, some people will be so paralyzed with fear, they won\u2019t even get out of bed. That\u2019s because it\u2019s Friday the 13th, and that has a lot of people, especially in Western cultures, feeling anxious.<\/p>\n<p>Things get so bad for some people that there\u2019s even a recognized psychological disorder: triskaidekaphobia \u2014 fear of the number 13, said USC Dornsife\u2019s Tok Thompson, associate professor (teaching) of <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/anth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anthropology<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The fear of the number 13 is so pervasive in Western culture that many hotels and offices omit the 13th floor, he noted, while airports in Western cities don\u2019t have a 13th gate.<\/p>\n<h2>Lucky days, unlucky days<\/h2>\n<p>However, in other cultures, no one turns a hair when Friday the 13th rolls around. In Chinese culture, it\u2019s the number four that causes worry when scheduling big events like celebrations or business openings, says Brian Bernards, associate professor of <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/ealc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Asian languages and cultures<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/colt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">comparative literature<\/a>. Four (<i>si<\/i>) is a bad luck number because the sound of the word is very similar to the word for death in most Chinese dialects, including Mandarin and Cantonese, he explains.<\/p>\n<p>As in Mexico and much of Latin America, Cubans follow Spanish tradition when it comes to superstitions. There, it isn\u2019t Friday the 13th that\u2019s unlucky, says Ivette Gomez, assistant professor (teaching) of <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/spanish\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spanish<\/a>, but Tuesday the 13th.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFor example, no one\u00a0in their right mind will pick such a date to get married,\u201d said Gomez, who was born and raised in Havana.<\/p>\n<p>But where does our anxiety about Friday the 13th originate? Thompson says that while it\u2019s an unlucky number in Biblical tradition because it\u2019s connected with the Last Supper, it\u2019s also connected to women\u2019s magic, witchcraft and time.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe find a lot of resonances in cultures that had lunar-solar calendars,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe know that Friday was associated with witchcraft in medieval Europe. The number 13 has been associated with the moon and the fact that we have 12.41 lunations per solar year. So this 13th month became overlaid with negative attributes \u2014 it wasn\u2019t complete, regular; it was mysterious.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This is in sharp contrast with Thailand, where Bernards pointed out, every Friday (<i>Wan Suk<\/i>) is generally auspicious because it sounds like \u201cday of happiness\u201d or \u201cenjoyment.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In similar fashion, in China the 8th (<i>ba<\/i>) of the month, is highly favorable because eight sounds similar to <i>fa<\/i>, the word meaning to generate or create, as in create wealth or amass a fortune. Associated with progress and development, it\u2019s a day to try to conclude deals and hold meetings, while during the lunar new year it\u2019s a tradition to give money in red envelopes in quantities of eight, or to hold weddings.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn Western cultures, three is the magic number \u2014 everything, from the Holy Trinity to three little pigs, tends to be organized in threes,\u201d said Thompson.<\/p>\n<p>Coincidentally, there are even three kinds of superstitions, as Thompson explains \u2014 interpreting signs (a black cat), magic superstitions (actions you take to try to increase your luck) and conversion superstitions, such as placing the shards of a broken mirror under running water to wash the seven years of bad luck away.<\/p>\n<p>Even though global structures and motifs of superstitions can be very similar, cultural meanings and resonances can be very different, Thompson said.<\/p>\n<h2>Navigating a Chinese dinner party<\/h2>\n<p>While some superstitions are pervasive in many traditions \u2014 think black cats and walking under ladders \u2014 others are more rooted in particular cultures.<\/p>\n<p>If invited to someone\u2019s home for dinner in China, there are a number of important symbols that are key to understand in order to navigate the occasion successfully and avoid offence.<\/p>\n<p>To get off on the right foot, don\u2019t offer your host a clock or an umbrella as a gift.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe word for \u201cclock\u201d (<i>zhong<\/i>) sounds like \u2018end,\u2019 like you are giving someone, or sending someone to, their end or death (<i>song zhong<\/i>),\u201d Bernards explains. \u201cThis is similar to giving an \u201cumbrella\u201d (<i>san<\/i>), which sounds like \u201cparting\u201d (<i>san<\/i>), so you are essentially suggesting that you will never see them again.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Also \u2014 very important \u2014 do not use white wrapping paper for a gift or offer white flowers, as it\u2019s generally associated with mourning.<\/p>\n<p>When considering what to wear for a celebration, avoid sporting all white for the same reason, as well as all an black outfit \u00a0\u2014 considered malevolent and associated with death \u2014 and opt for red, the most auspicious of colors, as blood symbolizes life.<\/p>\n<p>At dinner, it\u2019s considered unlucky to leave your chopsticks sticking out of your rice bowl \u2014 they look like incense in ashes in the altar at a tomb, Bernards advises. Lay them across the top of the bowl instead.<\/p>\n<p>If it\u2019s New Year, your host may well serve fish, which are considered auspicious for their association with bounty and surplus. If you spill some rice at dinner, don\u2019t expect your host to sweep it up in case he sweeps away all his good fortune.<\/p>\n<p>As you walk home after dark, don\u2019t whistle \u2014 you will attract ghosts, Bernards warns. If you spot an owl or hear it hoot, that\u2019s bad luck because they symbolize imminent disaster or death. However, if a cat crosses your path, you needn\u2019t worry \u2014 cats in China are generally considered to be good luck; their association with wealth originated in Japan but has been adopted in Chinese culture.<\/p>\n<h2>New Year\u2019s grapes, haircuts and the evil eye<\/h2>\n<p>If you\u2019re walking in Havana on New Year\u2019s Eve, you\u2019d better be careful, warns Gomez. When midnight strikes,<i> <\/i>the custom is to throw a bucket of water out of the doorway or from the balcony\u00a0to get rid of all the bad things from the previous year.<\/p>\n<p>In Spain, it\u2019s the custom to eat 12 grapes as the clock strikes midnight on New Year\u2019s Eve to bring good luck for the coming year, said Sarah Portnoy, associate professor (teaching) of Spanish.<\/p>\n<p>Whenever Cubans open a bottle of rum, they purposefully spill the first few drops on the floor to obtain the blessing of \u201cthe gone ones\u201d (good spirits), Gomez noted.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe also consider it unlucky to rock an empty chair \u2014 beware, death is close if you do. Opening an umbrella under the roof of your house is also considered unlucky, as is placing your purse on the floor, you&#8217;ll run out of money as a result,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>To protect babies from <i>mal de ojo<\/i> (evil eye), Gomez said, many\u00a0Cubans hang an <i>azabache \u2014 <\/i>a piece of the mineral jet attached to a ribbon.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, using an amulet to ward off the evil eye occurs in many cultures, including Jewish and Mexican traditions, throughout the Arab world and into Central Asia, Portnoy said.<\/p>\n<p>In Thailand, it\u2019s unlucky to get your hair cut on a Wednesday, a holy day, as shaving your head is associated with mourning, Bernards notes. \u201cAlso,<i> <\/i>don\u2019t sleep with your head pointing west, as that\u2019s where the sun sets, symbolizing ending,\u201d he said of Thai superstition. \u201cSleeping like this will bring bad dreams.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Each day of the week in Thailand has an associated auspicious and inauspicious color: For example, red is lucky on Sunday but unlucky on Monday, whereas green is lucky on Wednesday but unlucky on Saturday, Bernards said. Though these associations are associated with Theravada Buddhism, they are derived from Hindu cosmology.<\/p>\n<p>Eggs and oranges are auspicious foods to have on hand in Thailand. But if you hear a gecko during the day \u2014 that\u2019s a bad omen.<\/p>\n<h2>Why do we believe?<\/h2>\n<p>In rural Russia, Thompson says, cockroaches were traditionally considered a good omen, while black is a lucky color in Ethiopia, where it is associated with rich soil.<\/p>\n<p>Thompson, who comes from a long line of fishermen, grew up with the idea that it\u2019s unlucky to whistle at sea in case you \u201cwhistle up a storm.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/cf\/faculty-and-staff\/faculty.cfm?pid=1003109\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lisa Bitel<\/a>, Dean&#8217;s Professor of Religion and professor of <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/religion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">religion<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/hist\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">history<\/a>, notes the age-old links that have existed between superstition and the major religions.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cToday&#8217;s popular culture tends to blame the European Middle Ages for whatever superstitions we still suffer,\u201d she said. \u201cIt wasn\u2019t so long ago that spells, curses or the use of ritual words and objects to defend against demonic forces were common and integral to Christianity, Judaism and Islam.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But why do we continue to believe in superstition and the idea of good and bad luck?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBecause it\u2019s fun, there\u2019s an aesthetic and a social quality to them and we think, \u2018What\u2019s the harm?\u2019\u201d Thompson said. \u201cAnd finally, people think they might just be true.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From cockroaches to geckos, numbers to colors, superstitions vary dramatically from culture to culture. For this Friday the 13th, USC Dornsife faculty trace what we share and how we differ in what we believe brings us good luck \u2014 and bad. <strong>[7 min read]<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":21301,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,10],"tags":[77,128],"class_list":["post-4191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-and-culture","category-faculty","tag-diversity-equity-and-inclusion","tag-folklore"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ideas of luck and superstition vary among cultures around the world<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Superstitions vary from culture to culture. For Friday the 13th, USC Dornsife faculty trace beliefs about what brings good and bad luck.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/friday-the-13th-superstitions-and-luck\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Friday the 13th: Luck and superstition throughout the world\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Superstitions vary from culture to culture. For Friday the 13th, USC Dornsife faculty trace beliefs about what brings good and bad luck.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/friday-the-13th-superstitions-and-luck\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"USC Dornsife News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uscdornsife\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-07-13T05:10:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-30T15:56:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2018\/07\/Superstition_1200x690.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"690\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Darrin Joy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@uscdornsife\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@uscdornsife\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/friday-the-13th-superstitions-and-luck\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/friday-the-13th-superstitions-and-luck\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Darrin Joy\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/851085523b73581e3387a7fc90cadb96\"},\"headline\":\"Ideas of luck and superstition vary among cultures around the world\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-07-13T05:10:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-30T15:56:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/friday-the-13th-superstitions-and-luck\/\"},\"wordCount\":11,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/friday-the-13th-superstitions-and-luck\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2018\/07\/Superstition_1200x690.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"diversity equity and inclusion\",\"folklore\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Arts and Culture\",\"Faculty\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/friday-the-13th-superstitions-and-luck\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/friday-the-13th-superstitions-and-luck\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/friday-the-13th-superstitions-and-luck\/\",\"name\":\"Friday the 13th: Luck and superstition throughout the world\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/friday-the-13th-superstitions-and-luck\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/friday-the-13th-superstitions-and-luck\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2018\/07\/Superstition_1200x690.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-07-13T05:10:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-30T15:56:58+00:00\",\"description\":\"Superstitions vary from culture to culture. 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