{"id":412,"date":"2022-12-15T14:25:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-15T22:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/how-many-senses-do-we-have\/"},"modified":"2024-12-17T17:57:03","modified_gmt":"2024-12-18T01:57:03","slug":"how-many-senses-do-we-have","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/how-many-senses-do-we-have\/","title":{"rendered":"How Many Senses Do We Have?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3796-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3796-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"How Many Senses Do We Have?\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=arts-and-culture\">Arts and Culture<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>How Many Senses Do We Have?<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  If we think of our senses as limited to only five, we might be missing out.\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n          <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span>Margaret Crable<\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">December 15, 2022<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m7.43475275 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     >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>While the notion that people have five basic human senses is often considered a universal truth and can be traced back to Aristotle\u2019s\u00a0<em>De Anima (On the Soul)<\/em>, many philosophers and neuroscientists are now debating whether we may have anywhere from 22 to 33 different senses.<\/p>\n<p>Among these lesser-known senses are equilibrioception, which is associated with our sense of balance; proprioception, which enables us to know which parts of our bodies are where without looking; and chronoception, how we sense the passing of time.<\/p>\n<p>And that\u2019s just humans. \u201cThere are senses that other species have that we don\u2019t, like directional senses and magnetic senses,\u201d says\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/cf\/faculty-and-staff\/faculty.cfm?pid=1012737\">Tok Thompson<\/a>, professor (teaching)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/anth\/\">of anthropology<\/a>. Iron oxide in the abdomen of honey bees, for example, can detect changes in the Earth\u2019s magnetic field that enable them to navigate to their hive.<\/p>\n<h2>The \u201cX\u201d Sense<\/h2>\n<p>Then there is the hotly debated existence of the so-called \u201csixth sense.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe \u2018sixth sense\u2019 usually refers to an \u2018unknown\u2019 sense, but now that we know there are more than five senses, the idea could perhaps be better thought of as the \u2018x sense,\u2019 where \u2018x\u2019 equals the unknown \u2014 whether some yet undiscovered natural sense, or something more along the lines of psychic abilities,\u201d says Thompson.<\/p>\n<p>In some Indian philosophies, the mind, or \u201cmanas,\u201d itself is considered a sixth sense that coordinates the five primary senses with other mental faculties.<\/p>\n<p>Western societies generally equate the sixth sense with extrasensory perception \u2014 something that in Celtic culture is traditionally known as \u201csecond sight.\u201d Among the supposed powers of those with the gift was the ability to predict death, even seeing fish scales (implying a watery grave) appear on someone they sensed would drown soon.<\/p>\n<p>Do a little online digging into the sixth sense and you will find myriad claims of life-changing premonitions that appear to defy the idea that our five senses are our only faculties of perception.<\/p>\n<p>Among them is the inner voice that Wall Street executive Barrett Naylor claimed saved his life \u2014 twice. According to a 2009 book about premonitions by physician Larry Dossey, Naylor was heading to work at the World Trade Center on Feb. 26, 1993, when something told him not to go into the building. Later that day, it was bombed. That same instinct, Naylor claimed, also saved him from the 9\/11 terrorist attacks in 2001. But a belief in mystical, psychic abilities isn\u2019t required to believe that our perceptions can extend beyond the physical senses.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere are many layers to the mind,\u201d says University Professor\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/cf\/faculty-and-staff\/faculty.cfm?pid=1008328\">Antonio Damasio<\/a>, professor of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/psyc\/\">psychology<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/phil\/\">philosophy<\/a>\u00a0and neurology, and David Dornsife Chair in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/usc-neuroscience\/\">Neuroscience<\/a>. \u201cFacts, actions, feelings \u2014 all those contents can be retrieved, but are not equally accessible. Some are essentially shrouded in darkness, making conscious access to them difficult.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>As a result, Damasio notes, our unconscious mind can suddenly provide us with an answer when we least expect it.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIntuition is not a myth; it calls attention to the richness of our minds,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<h2>Assisted Visions<\/h2>\n<p>Seeing what others don\u2019t can sometimes require a catalyst. In many indigenous cultures, psychedelics are ingested to induce ecstatic experiences that bring revelations. The mushroom Psilocybe mexicana is regarded with such awe by Mexico\u2019s indigenous communities that the Aztecs dubbed it \u201cteonanacatl,\u201d or \u201cGod\u2019s Flesh.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Visions, primarily those brought on by lysergic acid diethylamide, or LSD, have also been the focus of scientific study. A chemical compound accidentally invented by Swiss researcher Albert Hofmann in 1938, LSD induces powerful, emotional hallucinations.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, LSD eventually found its way into the counterculture, and its ability to inspire visions of an interconnected world helped power the nascent environmental movement of the 1960s. However, the drug\u2019s potent effects also triggered numerous tragic outcomes.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers are now evaluating the potential for microdoses of other hallucinogenic substances such as psilocybin mushrooms to help people suffering from PTSD, depression and anxiety.<\/p>\n<h2>Seeing is Believing<\/h2>\n<p>Not all visions require chemical prompting, however. Catholic saints who claimed to have striking visual or auditory hallucinations often lived piously in religious orders. Saint Catherine of Siena is said to have had her first visitation from Christ at the age of 5 or 6. Those in deep, meditative states sometimes tell of encounters with light beings or other strange, visual phenomena.<\/p>\n<p>Nowadays we might assume that these sorts of visions, if not induced by mind-altering substances, are the product of a brain disorder like schizophrenia. But even in medieval times, the church questioned the authenticity of such visions and imposed strict rules to evaluate a vision\u2019s legitimacy.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is well before psychiatry, of course, but people living during this era still recognized crazy when they saw it,\u201d says\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/cf\/faculty-and-staff\/faculty.cfm?pid=1003109\">Lisa Bitel<\/a>, Dean\u2019s Professor of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/religion\/\">Religion<\/a>\u00a0and professor of religion and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/hist\/\">history<\/a>. \u201cIf someone was mentally ill, their visions would not be taken seriously. You had to be well-regarded in the community and whatever you saw had to be doctrinally correct. A claim that you saw the Virgin Mary riding in on [the medieval equivalent of] a celestial skateboard wouldn\u2019t be taken seriously.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>For the devout, the modern argument that seeing angels is actually evidence of insanity, or at the very least the result of an overactive imagination, appears absurd. The devout believe that a person who has spiritual visions has gained special access to the truth, not lost their mind. \u201cThey would say that the enlightened person is actually seeing things as they really are,\u201d says\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/cf\/faculty-and-staff\/faculty.cfm?pid=1022649\">James McHugh<\/a>, professor of religion.<\/p>\n<p>Visions are still a regularly occurring phenomenon, despite our supposedly more rational approach to the world, says Bitel. Today\u2019s reported sightings of UFOs, sometimes said to be inhabited by celestial beings bearing wise words, might just be the descendants of yesteryear\u2019s angels.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCultural terms may have changed, but the apparitions go on,\u201d she says. \u201cThe visions we hear about are just the tip of the iceberg.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-sixth-taste\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >And then there were 6 \u2014 kinds of taste, that is<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-most-powerful-scents\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >The Most Powerful Scents?<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/mixed-emotions-are-real\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Are mixed emotions real? New research says yes<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If we think of our senses as limited to only five, we might be missing out.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":415,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[75,96,95,109],"class_list":["post-412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-and-culture","tag-humanities","tag-natural-sciences","tag-social-sciences","tag-usc-dornsife-magazine"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Many Senses Do We Have?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"If we think of our senses as limited to only five, we might be 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