{"id":3955,"date":"2018-11-13T14:35:00","date_gmt":"2018-11-13T22:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/veterans-have-fought-in-wars-and-fought-against-them\/"},"modified":"2024-10-03T10:43:09","modified_gmt":"2024-10-03T17:43:09","slug":"veterans-have-fought-in-wars-and-fought-against-them","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/veterans-have-fought-in-wars-and-fought-against-them\/","title":{"rendered":"Veterans have fought in wars \u2013 and fought against them"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n            \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-2899-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-2899-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"Veterans have fought in wars \u2013 and fought against them\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  A member of Veterans for Peace marches during the annual Veterans Day parade in New York, Nov. 11, 2017 (<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"http:\/\/www.apimages.com\/metadata\/Index\/Veterans-Day-New-York\/e26e728cee9b430c87c0d822c4e5d142\/6\/0\"> AP\/Andres Kudacki<\/a><\/span>)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=social-impact\">Social Impact<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>Veterans have fought in wars \u2013 and fought against them<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Veterans of past wars have long been at the forefront of peace advocacy in the United States.\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Michael Messner<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">November 13, 2018<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    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0l7.2857142-6.34285719c-.0857142-.08571428-.2571428-.08571428-.4285714-.08571428zm-1.28571428 1.11428567v.1714286 8.5714286c0 .6857143.6 1.2857143 1.28571428 1.2857143h14.57142856c.6857143 0 1.2857143-.6 1.2857143-1.2857143v-8.5714286c0-.0857143 0-.0857143 0-.1714286l-7.2 6.3428572c-.7714286.6857143-1.8857143.6857143-2.6571429 0z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(-6 -9)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Email<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                  <\/span>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n \n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>If President Donald Trump had his way, the nation would be celebrating the centennial of the World War I armistice on Nov. 11 with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/us-news\/planning-trump-s-military-parade-finally-getting-underway-n887431\">a massive military parade in Washington, D.C.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>But that won\u2019t be happening. When the Pentagon announced the president\u2019s decision to cancel the parade, they blamed local politicians for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/08\/17\/us\/politics\/trump-military-parade.html\">driving up the cost of the proposed event<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>There may have been other reasons.<\/p>\n<p>Veterans were especially outspoken in their opposition. Retired generals and admirals feared such a demonstration would embarrass the U.S., placing the nation in the company of <a href=\"http:\/\/time.com\/5137317\/donald-trump-military-parade-officers\/\">small-time authoritarian regimes<\/a> that regularly parade their tanks and missiles as demonstrations of their military might. And some veterans\u2019 organizations opposed the parade because they saw it as a celebration of militarism and war.<\/p>\n<p>Veterans of past wars, as I document in my book <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rutgersuniversitypress.org\/guys-like-me\/9781978802810\">\u201cGuys Like Me: Five Wars, Five Veterans for Peace\u201d<\/a> have long been at the forefront of peace advocacy in the United States.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 483px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/243996\/original\/file-20181105-74751-11ddsge.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/243996\/original\/file-20181105-74751-11ddsge.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Photo of President Trump and others watching tanks pass by in a parade.\" width=\"483\" height=\"339\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trump was inspired to have a U.S. military parade after watching this French one in 2017. (Image source: AP\/Carolyn Kaster)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Politicians\u2019 betrayal?<\/h2>\n<p>Over the past year, the advocacy group Veterans for Peace joined a coalition of 187 organizations that sought to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.veteransforpeace.org\/files\/6315\/3444\/0593\/Sign_on_Statement_Against_Military_Parade.pdf\">\u201cStop the Military Parade; Reclaim Armistice Day<\/a>.\u201d There is a deep history to veterans\u2019 peace advocacy.<\/p>\n<p>As a young boy, I got my first hint of veterans\u2019 aversion to war from my grandfather, a World War I Army veteran. Just the mention of Veterans Day could trigger a burst of anger that \u201cthe damned politicians\u201d had betrayed veterans of \u201cThe Great War.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In 1954 Armistice Day was renamed as Veterans Day. In previous years, citizens in the U.S. and around the world celebrated the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/world-war-i-ends\">11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918<\/a> not simply as the moment that war ended, but also as the dawning of a lasting peace.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey told us it was \u2018The War to End All Wars,\u2019\u201d my grandfather said to me. \u201cAnd we believed that.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 319px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/244000\/original\/file-20181105-74766-1ni450c.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/244000\/original\/file-20181105-74766-1ni450c.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Newspaper text which reads &quot;Germany has surrendered, World War ended at 6 a.m.&quot;\" width=\"319\" height=\"401\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The front page of The New York Tribune on Nov. 11, 1918. (Image source: Library of Congress)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Veterans for peace<\/h2>\n<p>What my grandfather spoke about so forcefully was not an idle dream. In fact, a mass movement for peace had pressed the U.S. government, in 1928, to sign the <a href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1921-1936\/kellogg\">Kellogg-Briand Pact<\/a>, an international <a href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/kbpact.asp\">\u201cTreaty for the Renunciation of War,\u201d<\/a> sponsored by the United States and France and subsequently <a href=\"http:\/\/www.simonandschuster.com\/books\/The-Internationalists\/Oona-A-Hathaway\/9781501109867\">signed by most of the nations of the world<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1921-1936\/kellogg\">A State Department historian described the agreement<\/a> this way: \u201cIn the final version of the pact, they agreed upon two clauses: the first outlawed war as an instrument of national policy and the second called upon signatories to settle their disputes by peaceful means.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The pact did not end war, of course. Within a decade, another global war would erupt. But at the time, the pact articulated the sentiments of ordinary citizens, including World War I veterans and organizations like the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vfw.org\/\">Veterans of Foreign Wars<\/a>, who during the late 1930s <a href=\"http:\/\/etd.fcla.edu\/UF\/UFE0006061\/ortiz_s.pdf#page=201\">opposed U.S. entry into the deepening European conflicts<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/opa\/vetsday\/vetdayhistory.asp\">In 1954, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the law<\/a> changing the name of the holiday to Veterans Day, to include veterans of World War II and Korea.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 428px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/244003\/original\/file-20181105-74754-1jq7qe8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Eisenhower, surrounded by other men, signs a document at his desk.\" width=\"428\" height=\"340\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eisenhower on June 1, 1954, signing the legislation that changed Armistice Day to Veterans Day. (Image source: Wikipedia)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>For my grandfather, the name change symbolically punctuated the repudiation of the dream of lasting peace. Hope evaporated, replaced with the ugly reality that politicians would continue to find reasons to send American boys \u2013 \u201cguys like me,\u201d as he put it \u2013 to fight and die in wars.<\/p>\n<p>World War I, like subsequent wars, incubated a generation of veterans committed to preventing such future horrors for their sons.<\/p>\n<p>From working-class army combat veterans like my grandfather to retired generals like <a href=\"https:\/\/fas.org\/man\/smedley.htm\">Smedley Butler<\/a> \u2013 who wrote and delivered public speeches arguing that \u201cwar is a racket,\u201d benefiting only the economic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/War-Racket-Antiwar-Americas-Decorated\/dp\/0922915865\">interests of ruling-class industrialists<\/a> \u2013 World War I veterans spoke out to prevent future wars. And veterans of subsequent wars continue speaking out today.<\/p>\n<p>There have been six U.S. presidents since my grandfather\u2019s death in early 1981 \u2013 Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama and Donald Trump \u2013 and each <a href=\"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/natsec\/R42738.pdf\">committed U.S. military forces to overt or covert wars<\/a> around the world.<\/p>\n<p>Most of these wars, large or small, have been met with opposition from veterans\u2019 peace groups. In the 1960s and early 1970s, Vietnam Veterans Against the War was a <a href=\"https:\/\/nyupress.org\/books\/9780814751473\/\">powerful force in the popular opposition to the American war in Vietnam<\/a>. And <a href=\"https:\/\/www.veteransforpeace.org\/\">Veterans for Peace<\/a>, along with <a href=\"https:\/\/aboutfaceveterans.org\">About Face: Veterans Against the War<\/a> remain outspoken against America\u2019s militarism and participation in wars in the Middle East and elsewhere.<\/p>\n<p>Were he alive today, I believe my grandfather would surely express indignation that American leaders continue to send the young to fight and die in wars throughout the world.<\/p>\n<p>Still, I like to imagine my grandfather smiling had he lived to witness some of the activities that will take place this Nov. 11: Veterans for Peace joins other peace organizations in Washington, D.C. and in cities around the U.S. and the world, marching behind banners that read <a href=\"https:\/\/www.veteransforpeace.org\/our-work\/armistice-day\">\u201cObserve Armistice Day, Wage Peace<\/a>!\u201d<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/99966\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/michael-messner-516084\">Michael Messner<\/a>, Professor of Sociology and Gender Studies, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-southern-california-dornsife-college-of-letters-arts-and-sciences-2669\">University of Southern California \u2013 Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/veterans-have-fought-in-wars-and-fought-against-them-99966\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/veterans-of-war-become-advocates-for-peace\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Peace advocates have long been found among veterans who fought in America\u2019s wars<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/75-years-later-usc-dornsife-faculty-members-reflect-on-the-legacy-of-pearl-harbor\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >75 years later, USC Dornsife faculty members reflect on the legacy of Pearl Harbor<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/from-refugee-to-brigadier-general-trojan-warrior-invokes-his-fighting-spirit\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >From refugee to brigadier general: Trojan warrior invokes his fighting spirit<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Veterans of past wars have long been at the forefront of peace advocacy in the United States.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":3958,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[127,467,90,787],"class_list":["post-3955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-impact","tag-gender-and-sexuality-studies","tag-michael-messner","tag-sociology","tag-veterans"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Veterans have fought in wars \u2013 and fought against them<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Veterans of past wars have long been at the forefront of peace advocacy in the United States.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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