{"id":2926,"date":"2020-02-18T13:40:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-18T21:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/arabs-in-california-finding-identity-and-belonging-as-an-arab-american\/"},"modified":"2025-02-15T17:33:51","modified_gmt":"2025-02-16T01:33:51","slug":"california-arab-americans-seek-belonging","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/california-arab-americans-seek-belonging\/","title":{"rendered":"Arabs in California: Finding identity and belonging as an Arab American"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3163-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3163-1280x720.jpg 1280w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3163-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"Arabs in California: Finding identity and belonging as an Arab American\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  The Arbeely\u2019s, pictured here in Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1881, were the first Syrian family to immigrate to the United States, having arrived three years prior. By 1890, most had moved to Los Angeles, and two, Najib and Ibrahim, moved to New York and established the first Arabic language newspaper in the U.S., Kawkab Amirka, in 1892. (Photo: Courtesy of Habeeb and Dania Arbeely.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=faculty\">Faculty<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>Arabs in California: Finding identity and belonging as an Arab American<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  USC Dornsife\u2019s Sarah Gualtieri counters a long-held stereotype of Arab Americans as outsiders, underscoring their longstanding place in American culture. <strong>[5 min read]<\/strong>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Susan Bell<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">February 18, 2020<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m7.43475275 9.52380952-2.17490843 2.26076008c-1.08745421 1.058837-1.68841575 2.518315-1.68841575 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xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m8.14285714 9.42857143c-.17142857 0-.34285714 0-.51428571.08571428l7.28571427 6.34285719c.3428572.2571428.6857143.2571428.9428572 0l7.2857142-6.34285719c-.0857142-.08571428-.2571428-.08571428-.4285714-.08571428zm-1.28571428 1.11428567v.1714286 8.5714286c0 .6857143.6 1.2857143 1.28571428 1.2857143h14.57142856c.6857143 0 1.2857143-.6 1.2857143-1.2857143v-8.5714286c0-.0857143 0-.0857143 0-.1714286l-7.2 6.3428572c-.7714286.6857143-1.8857143.6857143-2.6571429 0z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(-6 -9)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Email<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                  <\/span>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n \n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>In 2003, when Kathy Saade Kenny, the granddaughter of Palestinian immigrants, stumbled upon a mysterious cache of letters stored in an old See\u2019s candy box tucked away in the back of a closet in her mother\u2019s Los Angeles home, she was intrigued.<\/p>\n<p>Inside the box were more than 130 letters written by her grandmother, Katrina Sa\u2019ade. A successful businesswoman, Sa\u2019ade had migrated to California from Palestine, via Mexico.<\/p>\n<p>Suspecting the letters could provide a treasure trove of information about her family history, Kenny was excited to read them. However, as a third-generation immigrant, she didn\u2019t possess the necessary key to unlock their secrets: The letters were written in Arabic.<\/p>\n<p>Sarah Gualtieri describes this scene in her new book <i>Arab Routes: Pathways to Syrian California<\/i> (Stanford University Press, 2019), which explores how an Arab American community came into being in Southern California. In doing so, Gualtieri, associate professor of <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/ase\/\">American studies and ethnicity<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/hist\/\">history<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/mdes\/\">Middle East studies<\/a> at USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, re-inscribes Arabs into California history.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTraditionally, California history hasn\u2019t done a very good job of recognizing the deep roots of the Arab community here in the state,\u201d Gualtieri says. \u201cMy book also pushes against this idea that circulates very widely in the media that Arabs are new immigrants, and that they are always somehow more Middle Eastern than they are American.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/migration-uploads\/arab-routes-Sarah-Gualtieri_storyA-3163.jpg\" alt=\"Portrait of Sarah Gualtieri\" width=\"225\" height=\"350\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sarah Gualtieri (Photo: Peter Zhaoyu Zhou.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Enlisting the help of a Palestinian historian and translator, Kenny embarked on a journey to unlock the secrets of her grandmother\u2019s past. The translated letters revealed a complicated divorce case between her grandmother and her then-husband \u2014 a case that took her grandmother back and forth to Palestine.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKathy comes to understand her grandmother\u2019s journey as a migrant, as a woman who came from Palestine to California through this unfolding mystery that\u2019s revealed through her letters,\u201d Gualtieri says. \u201cNot only does Kathy discover an untold family drama, she starts to understand this whole dimension of her life in a new way. This helps her connect to her sense of Arabness and refine her identity as an Arab American.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Gualtieri says the Arab American community often works to reconstruct their connection to their Middle Eastern roots. Many of those she interviewed during her research tended to mute their identity as Arab Americans \u2014 often, she says, because they came of age in the 1950s and \u201960s, when, just as now, there was considerable hostility toward Arab countries.<\/p>\n<h2>The Latin American connection<\/h2>\n<p>The realization that people\u2019s origins are frequently much more complex than they may appear on the surface is a key theme that runs through Gualtieri\u2019s research. We tend to think of immigration as a unilinear journey, she argues, and don\u2019t pay enough attention to the important role that\u2019s played in shaping immigrants\u2019 identities by the places where they live and spend time along the way.<\/p>\n<p>Since the late 19th century, Syrian and Lebanese migration, in particular, to Southern California has been intimately connected to and through Latin America, and especially Mexico.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis Latin American dimension of the Arab history in Southern California is not well known, and I wanted to tell that story,\u201d Gualtieri said. \u201cMy book looks at what I call \u2018other pathways\u2019 to the U.S., and specifically to California, in particular at this southern route that so many Arabic-speaking migrants took to come to L.A.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Gualtieri\u2019s research goes beyond the Ellis Island stereotypes to uncover the stories of this Syrian American community, one both Arabized and Latinized, revealing important cross-border and multiethnic solidarities in Syrian California.<\/p>\n<h2>Sleepy Lagoon murder<\/h2>\n<p>Among them, she reveals the Syrian interests in the defense of the Mexican American teens charged in the 1942 <a href=\"https:\/\/research.pomona.edu\/zootsuit\/en\/trial\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sleepy Lagoon murder<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Twenty-two alleged members of L.A.\u2019s 38th Street Gang were accused of the murder of another Mexican American youth, Jos\u00e9 D\u00edaz, who had been found unconscious and dying near a Commerce, California, reservoir. Nicknamed \u201cSleepy Lagoon,\u201d the reservoir was a popular swimming spot for Mexican Americans denied entrance to segregated pools. Seventeen defendants eventually went to court as the largest mass trial in California history took place in an atmosphere of intense prejudice and racial discrimination.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/migration-uploads\/arab-routes-Sarah_Gualtieri_storyB-3163.jpg\" alt=\"Cover image of Arab Routes book\" width=\"225\" height=\"350\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This scene on the cover of Sarah Gualtieri\u2019s latest book showing acrobats performing at Muscle Beach near Santa Monica, California, is set against the backdrop of a Syrian American cafe.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Gualtieri tells the story of what became an infamous miscarriage of justice through the lens of one of the lead defense lawyers in the case, a Syrian American named George Shibley.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen we understand this celebrated but difficult trial in California history through the eyes of a Syrian American lawyer, we can see the kinds of solidarities that emerged between Arab Americans and Mexican Americans in Los Angeles at that time,\u201d Gualtieri says. \u201cRather than telling this story through the lens of conflict, we can shift to understanding it as a fascinating story about solidarity and the potential for interethnic coalition building.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Different ways to be American<\/h2>\n<p>At a period in history when we are facing increased Islamophobia, and increased hostility to immigrants, Gualtieri says she would like people to take away the idea that there are different ways to be American.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSomething that\u2019s always troubled me as a scholar in this field is the way in which Arabs are often seen as being unAmerican. Too often we think of Arabic-speaking migrants and their children as being somehow more connected to the region of origin than they are to the region of settlement,\u201d Gualtieri says.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis book offers a rich history of how integrated Arabs are into the Southern California fabric.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The striking cover of Gualtieri\u2019s book is a perfect illustration of this. It shows acrobats performing at the celebrated Muscle Beach in Santa Monica, California, in the 1940s. It\u2019s an iconic Southern California scene and the backdrop is Khoury\u2019s \u2014 a Syrian American caf\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI like that idea of thinking about the presence of an Arab cafe owner in such an iconic story of California leisure,\u201d Gualtieri says. \u201cI want readers to obviously be struck by the tumblers, but also to look beyond them and to see another layer \u2014 this Syrian American caf\u00e9 where people probably went to buy a soda while they watched the acrobatics.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><i>Sarah Gualtieri will give a <\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/events\/view\/32362769581000\/arab-routes-pathways-to-syrian-california-usc-icw\"><i>talk<\/i><\/a><i> about her book on Feb. 19 in Doheny Memorial Library, Room 241, from noon to 1 p.m. She will also teach a seminar, \u201cCritical Middle Eastern Studies,\u201d on <\/i>Arab Routes <i>this fall.<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/what-happens-next-in-us-iran-relations\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >What happens next in US-Iran relations will be informed by the two countries\u2019 shared\u00a0history<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/israel-bombed-an-iraqi-nuclear-reactor-and-pushed-program-underground\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Israel bombed an Iraqi nuclear reactor in 1981 \u2212 it pushed program underground and spurred Saddam Hussein\u2019s desire for\u00a0nukes<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/israel-hamas-ceasefire-deal-shows-limits-of-us-influence-trump-unpredictable-impact\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Israel-Hamas deal shows limits of US influence \u2013 and the unpredictable impact of\u00a0Trump<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>USC Dornsife\u2019s Sarah Gualtieri counters a long-held stereotype of Arab Americans as outsiders, underscoring their longstanding place in American culture. <strong>[5 min read]<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":2929,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[650,649],"class_list":["post-2926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faculty","tag-family-legacy","tag-middle-east"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arabs in California: Finding identity and belonging as an Arab American<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"USC Dornsife\u2019s Sarah Gualtieri counters a long-held stereotype of Arab Americans as outsiders, underscoring their longstanding place in American culture. 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