{"id":26610,"date":"2026-02-09T12:55:55","date_gmt":"2026-02-09T20:55:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/?p=26610"},"modified":"2026-03-16T15:00:50","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T22:00:50","slug":"japanese-americans-used-nature-to-cope-with-their-unjustified-imprisonment-during-world-war-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/japanese-americans-used-nature-to-cope-with-their-unjustified-imprisonment-during-world-war-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Held captive in their own country during World War II, Japanese Americans used nature to cope with their unjustified imprisonment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                          \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/Japaneseprisoners-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/Japaneseprisoners-1280x720.jpg 1280w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/Japaneseprisoners-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"Prisoners assembling crafted items.\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n   Japanese Americans incarcerated at Heart Mountain concentration camp in Wyoming took art classes at the craft shop, using what they could find. (Tom Parker, War Relocation Authority, Department of the Interior, via National Archives and Records Administration.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=arts-and-culture\">Arts and Culture<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>Held captive in their own country during World War II, Japanese Americans used nature to cope with their unjustified imprisonment<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n   Using found materials like shells and ironwood, prisoners created objects of both utility and beauty to help them bear the unbearable. \n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Susan Kamei<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">February 9, 2026<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m7.43475275 9.52380952-2.17490843 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     >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>With a stroke of a presidential pen, the lives of Izumi Taniguchi, Minoru Tajii, Homei Iseyama and Peggy Yorita irreparably changed on Feb. 19, 1942. On that day, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued <a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.densho.org\/Executive_Order_9066\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Executive Order 9066<\/a>, which set in motion their wartime incarceration along with other people of Japanese ancestry who were forcibly removed from their homes in parts of California, Oregon, Washington and Arizona.<\/p>\n<p>To cope with their fear, anger and loss in the turbulent times, they would have to dig deep into their emotional reservoirs of resolve and ingenuity.<\/p>\n<p>Without bringing charges against them or providing any evidence of disloyalty, the U.S. government detained legal Japanese immigrants and their American-born descendants in desolate inland locations during and after World War II, simply because of their ethnicity. <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/righting-a-wrong-name-by-name-the-irei-monument-honors-japanese-americans-imprisoned-by-the-us-government-during-world-war-ii-244121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nearly 127,000 people of Japanese ancestry<\/a> were incarcerated between 1942 and 1947, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.duncanryukenwilliams.com\/about\">Duncan Ry\u0217ken Williams<\/a>, director of <a href=\"https:\/\/ireizo.org\/about\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Irei Project<\/a>, which is compiling a comprehensive list of those detained. My grandparents, parents and their families were among them.<\/p>\n<p>As I describe in my book \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonandschuster.com\/books\/When-Can-We-Go-Back-to-America\/Susan-H-Kamei\/9781481401456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">When Can We Go Back to America? Voices of Japanese American Incarceration during World War II<\/a>,\u201d they boarded livestock trucks and World War I-era trains guarded by armed U.S. soldiers for destinations that were not disclosed to them. They could only take what they could carry and what they had within themselves.<\/p>\n<p>When the Japanese Americans arrived at temporary detention facilities, euphemistically called \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.densho.org\/Assembly_centers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">assembly centers<\/a>,\u201d hastily constructed on fairgrounds, racetracks and other government property, they were shocked to be body-searched, fingerprinted and interrogated. Thousands discovered their living quarters were animal pens or horse stalls. The ones considered lucky were assigned to poorly built barracks. The barracks had only cots, bare light bulbs hanging from the ceilings, and pot belly stoves in the corners; the interiors lacked any partitions.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n<p><figure style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715517\/original\/file-20260130-56-1tz7p0.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715517\/original\/file-20260130-56-1tz7p0.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715517\/original\/file-20260130-56-1tz7p0.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=504&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715517\/original\/file-20260130-56-1tz7p0.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=504&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715517\/original\/file-20260130-56-1tz7p0.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=504&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715517\/original\/file-20260130-56-1tz7p0.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=633&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715517\/original\/file-20260130-56-1tz7p0.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=633&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715517\/original\/file-20260130-56-1tz7p0.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=633&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"People stand and sit near beds in an open space with clothes hanging from hooks on the wooden wall.\" width=\"600\" height=\"504\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Japanese Americans incarcerated at assembly centers were quartered in rough barracks. (Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority, Department of the Interior via National Archives and Records Administration.)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/figure>\n<p>Immediately they <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2010\/05\/12\/126557553\/the-creative-art-of-coping-in-japanese-internment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scavenged wood from vegetable crates and construction debris<\/a> they found nearby to create privacy within the barracks units and to make furniture and other household furnishings. Displaced from their livelihoods, education and social structure, with nothing to do, they also quickly organized a wide range of activities, including <a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.densho.org\/Arts_and_crafts_in_camp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sports, as well as arts and crafts<\/a> of all kinds. Their resourcefulness born out of necessity converged with the Japanese aesthetic to <a href=\"https:\/\/news.wttw.com\/2011\/09\/22\/art-gaman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">make functional items beautiful<\/a> as they sought to make their temporary quarters more livable.<\/p>\n<p>When the prisoners were transferred to <a href=\"https:\/\/densho.org\/learn\/introduction\/american-concentration-camps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long-term detention facilities<\/a> run by the <a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.densho.org\/War_Relocation_Authority\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">War Relocation Authority<\/a> later in 1942, they brought with them what Delphine Hirasuna, an author and descendant of people who had been incarcerated during the war, calls the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Za_lf-vW8FI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">art of gaman<\/a>.\u201d \u201cGaman\u201d is a Japanese word meaning the dignity and grace to bear the seemingly unbearable. With this philosophy, they created <a href=\"https:\/\/www.collectorsweekly.com\/articles\/the-art-of-wwii-japanese-american-camps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">objects of both utility and beauty<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure>\n<div class=\"video-embed\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Za_lf-vW8FI?si=VEq3oUwTTrjODJu8\" title=\"Meet the Author - The Art of Gaman by Delphine Hirasuna\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Finding beauty in branches, rocks and shells<\/h2>\n<p>At the <a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.densho.org\/Gila_River\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gila River<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.densho.org\/Poston_%28Colorado_River%29\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Poston camps<\/a> located on tribal land in the Mojave Desert, incarcerees found that desert wood could be carved, filed and polished to make partitions, household objects and works of art.<\/p>\n<p>Armed soldiers guarded the barbed-wire perimeters from lookout towers, but as the war wore on, the incarcerees were allowed to venture beyond the camp fences. Izumi Taniguchi, then 16 years old from Contra Costa County, California, recalled <a href=\"https:\/\/ddr.densho.org\/media\/ddr-csujad-29\/ddr-csujad-29-43-transcript-556a0c9277.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">getting permission to walk outside<\/a> the Gila River camp boundaries to while away the time.<\/p>\n<p>He remembered that <a href=\"https:\/\/ddr.densho.org\/media\/ddr-csujad-29\/ddr-csujad-29-43-transcript-556a0c9277.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some people used the ironwood for sculpting<\/a>. Minoru Tajii, then 18 years old from El Centro, California, held at the Poston camp, described ironwood as \u201can oil-rich wood, so when you polish it up it comes out very nice, so <a href=\"https:\/\/ddr.densho.org\/media\/ddr-densho-1000\/ddr-densho-1000-394-21-transcript-80dac03797.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">we go out and find that and bring it back<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Poston \u201csculptoring department\u201d advertised in the camp newsletter \u201cPoston Chronicle\u201d on Jan. 20, 1943, that \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/downloads.densho.org\/ddr-densho-145\/ddr-densho-145-221-mezzanine-26dcef2ac4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anyone with ironwood wishing<\/a> to learn how to make figures and notions may bring their materials to the department, 44-13-D, and work under the guidance of sculptoring teachers.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n<p><figure style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715319\/original\/file-20260129-56-pl4l0o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715319\/original\/file-20260129-56-pl4l0o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715319\/original\/file-20260129-56-pl4l0o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715319\/original\/file-20260129-56-pl4l0o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715319\/original\/file-20260129-56-pl4l0o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715319\/original\/file-20260129-56-pl4l0o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715319\/original\/file-20260129-56-pl4l0o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715319\/original\/file-20260129-56-pl4l0o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"A stone teapot and cup.\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A teapot and cup made out of slate by Homei Iseyama, decorated with depictions of pomegranates and leaves evoking his connection with nature as a landscape gardener and bonsai master. (Gift of the artist&#8217;s family via Smithsonian American Art Museum.)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/figure>\n<p>Homei Iseyama, from Oakland, California, became known for the exquisite teapots, teacups, candy dishes and calligraphy inkwells he carved out of slate stones he found around the <a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.densho.org\/Topaz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Topaz, Utah, camp<\/a>. Born in 1890, he attended Waseda University in Tokyo before immigrating to the United States in 1914 with dreams of attending art school.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 255px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715315\/original\/file-20260129-56-nedjjx.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715315\/original\/file-20260129-56-nedjjx.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715315\/original\/file-20260129-56-nedjjx.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=838&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715315\/original\/file-20260129-56-nedjjx.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=838&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715315\/original\/file-20260129-56-nedjjx.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=838&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715315\/original\/file-20260129-56-nedjjx.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1053&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715315\/original\/file-20260129-56-nedjjx.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1053&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715315\/original\/file-20260129-56-nedjjx.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1053&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"A pin with flowers, leaves and a bow.\" width=\"255\" height=\"356\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peggy Nishimura Yorita composed the flowers and leaves in this corsage pin from shells she found at the Tule Lake concentration camp. (Courtesy of the Bain Family Collection via Densho Digital Repository.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>At the <a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.densho.org\/Tule_Lake\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tule Lake camp<\/a>, located on an ancient lake bed, the incarcerees discovered thick veins of shells that provided material for making art and jewelry. <a href=\"https:\/\/densho.org\/catalyst\/surviving-racism-toxic-masculinity-and-some-gruesome-medical-ordeals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fusako \u201cPeggy\u201d Nishimura Yorita<\/a> got very involved in making shell jewelry. As digging for shells became a popular and competitive pastime for the Tule Lake incarcerees, Yorita enlisted her two teenagers and friends to help dig waist-deep holes at sunrise and sift the sand with homemade wire sieves.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-right zoomable\"><\/figure>\n<p>A 33-year-old single mother, Yorita sold her shell jewelry to make a little money. She also enjoyed the creative endeavor. She recalled: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/ddr.densho.org\/ddr-densho-2-48\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">I was just making new things all the time. And to me, it \u2026 was \u2026 a wonderful outlet<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>As the incarcerees were allowed to leave the camps, they were given $25 and a one-way bus or train ticket to wherever they were going to <a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.densho.org\/Resettlement\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rebuild their lives<\/a>. Many took with them their handcrafted objects, reminders of how they overcame the physical and mental harshness of their detention years.<\/p>\n<p>When my mother entrusted to me the fragile small tansu chest that her father made for her in camp out of crate wood, she told me that her father had felt sorry for her that she didn\u2019t have anyplace to store her belongings. To improve the appearance of the wood, my grandfather placed a hotplate on the pieces to deepen the grain. My mother appreciated the care he took to carve traditional Japanese scenes onto the panels with a pen knife. She said the chest represented to her the depth of her father\u2019s love.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 262px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715320\/original\/file-20260129-66-2fevqz.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715320\/original\/file-20260129-66-2fevqz.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715320\/original\/file-20260129-66-2fevqz.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715320\/original\/file-20260129-66-2fevqz.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715320\/original\/file-20260129-66-2fevqz.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715320\/original\/file-20260129-66-2fevqz.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715320\/original\/file-20260129-66-2fevqz.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/715320\/original\/file-20260129-66-2fevqz.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"A small wooden chest of drawers.\" width=\"262\" height=\"197\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The author\u2019s grandfather, Ayatoshi Kurose, made this small tansu chest out of crate wood for her teenage mother in the Heart Mountain, Wyo., camp. (Courtesy Susan H. Kamei, CC BY-NC-ND.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Eight decades after Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, researchers are delving into the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/amp0000303\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">traumatic intergenerational impact<\/a> that the incarceration has had on the camp survivors and their descendants.\u00a0 Memorials such as <a href=\"https:\/\/ireizo.org\/about\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Irei Project<\/a> seek to restore dignity to those who suffered unconstitutional injustices. On Feb. 19, known annually as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.janm.org\/events\/2026-02-21\/2026-los-angeles-day-remembrance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Day of Remembrance<\/a>, Americans can honor them by appreciating their \u201cart of gaman,\u201d testaments to their resilient spirit as they found and created beauty in their wartime environments.<!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/susan-h-kamei-1223312\">Susan H. Kamei<\/a>, Adjunct Professor of <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/hist\/\">History<\/a> and Affiliated Faculty at the <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/cjrc\/\">USC Shinso Ito Center for Japanese Religions and Cultures<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/usc-dornsife-college-of-letters-arts-and-sciences-2669\">USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/held-captive-in-their-own-country-during-world-war-ii-japanese-americans-used-nature-to-cope-with-their-unjustified-imprisonment-272989\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Related Articles\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/baseball-returns-to-a-japanese-american-detention-camp-after-a-historic-ball-field-was-restored\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Baseball returns to a Japanese American detention camp after a historic ball field was\u00a0restored<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/japanese-internment-camps-wwii-for-buddhist-faith\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Finding Faith during captivity: The role of Buddhism in Japanese American internment camps<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/experts-discuss-executive-order-9066-80-year-anniversary\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Japanese Americans exiled to prison camps 80 years ago by FDR\u2019s Executive Order 9066<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Using found materials like shells and ironwood, prisoners created objects of both utility and beauty to help them bear the unbearable. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":26612,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,10],"tags":[87,71,142],"class_list":["post-26610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-and-culture","category-faculty","tag-expert-viewpoint","tag-history","tag-shinso-ito-center-for-japanese-religions-and-culture"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Held captive in their own country during World War II, Japanese Americans used nature to cope with their unjustified imprisonment<\/title>\n<meta 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