{"id":25561,"date":"2025-10-21T18:56:55","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T01:56:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/?p=25561"},"modified":"2025-11-03T14:52:41","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T22:52:41","slug":"trumps-words-arent-stopping-many-countries-from-setting-higher-climate-goals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/trumps-words-arent-stopping-many-countries-from-setting-higher-climate-goals\/","title":{"rendered":"Trump\u2019s words aren\u2019t stopping China, Brazil and many other countries from setting higher climate goals, but progress is\u00a0slow"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/10\/Majuro_-_Main_Atoll_of_the_RMI-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/10\/Majuro_-_Main_Atoll_of_the_RMI-1920x1080.jpg 1920w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/10\/Majuro_-_Main_Atoll_of_the_RMI-1280x720.jpg 1280w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/10\/Majuro_-_Main_Atoll_of_the_RMI-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"Photo of Majuro, the main atoll of the Marshall Islands.\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Sea walls now ring much of the Marshall Islands\u2019 capital, Majuro, as the ocean rises. (Image source: Wikimedia Commons.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=sustainability\">Sustainability<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>Trump\u2019s words aren\u2019t stopping China, Brazil and many other countries from setting higher climate goals, but progress is\u00a0slow<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  The Trump administration has been pressuring countries to back away from their climate commitments, but many are still pressing ahead.\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Shannon Gibson<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">October 21, 2025<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m7.43475275 9.52380952-2.17490843 2.26076008c-1.08745421 1.058837-1.68841575 2.518315-1.68841575 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class=\"theconversation-article-title\">In the Marshall Islands, where the land averages only 7 feet (2 meters) above sea level, people <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/video\/us\/100000009280496\/waves-marshall-islands.html\">are acutely aware of climate change<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"theconversation-article-body\">\n<p>Their ancestors have lived on this string of Pacific islands for thousands of years. But as <a href=\"https:\/\/sealevel.nasa.gov\/internal_resources\/523\/Majuro_Marshall%20Islands_combined.pdf\">sea level rises<\/a>, storms more easily <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/video\/us\/100000009280496\/waves-marshall-islands.html\">flood communities<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eenews.net\/articles\/military-site-faces-shocking-risk-of-being-swamped\/\">farmland with saltwater<\/a>. Warming ocean water has triggered mass coral-bleaching events, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.soest.hawaii.edu\/soestwp\/announce\/news\/major-pacific-coral-bleaching-may-be-worst-in-20-years\/\">harming habitats<\/a> that are <a href=\"https:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.org\/marshall-islands-creates-first-marine-sanctuary-protecting-two-of-the-most-pristine-ecosystems-in-the-pacific-ocean\/\">important for both tourism<\/a> and fish that the islands\u2019 economy relies on.<\/p>\n<p>If the world fails to rein in the greenhouse gas emissions driving climate change, studies suggest low-lying islands like these could be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eenews.net\/articles\/military-site-faces-shocking-risk-of-being-swamped\/\">uninhabitable within decades<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure>\n<div class=\"video-embed\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/txb3nCODJdo?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" title=\"YouTube\"><\/iframe><\/div><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em><span class=\"caption\"> <small> Marshall Islands President Hilda Heine talks about climate risks to her homeland while in New York for the United Nations General Assembly in September 2025.<\/small> <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Climate change isn\u2019t just a problem for islands. Countries worldwide are experiencing intensifying storms, dangerous heat waves and rising seas as global temperatures rise.<\/p>\n<p>Yet, after 30 years of international climate talks, 10 years of a <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/process-and-meetings\/the-paris-agreement\">global treaty<\/a> promising to keep temperatures in check, and <a href=\"https:\/\/iccwbo.org\/news-publications\/policies-reports\/new-report-extreme-weather-events-cost-economy-2-trillion-over-the-last-decade\/\">trillions of dollars in damage<\/a>, the world is still not on track to stop rising global temperatures. Greenhouse gas emissions were at <a href=\"https:\/\/wmo.int\/publication-series\/wmo-greenhouse-gas-bulletin-no-21\">record highs in 2024<\/a>, and it was Earth\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/wmo.int\/news\/media-centre\/wmo-confirms-2024-warmest-year-record-about-155degc-above-pre-industrial-level\">hottest year on record<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.online.usc.edu\/sm\/faculty\/shannon-gibson\/\">I study<\/a> the dynamics of global environmental politics, including the United Nations climate negotiations. And I and my lab have been tracking countries\u2019 latest climate pledges \u2013 known as <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/process-and-meetings\/the-paris-agreement\/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs\">nationally determined contributions<\/a>, or NDCs \u2013 to see which countries have stepped up their efforts, which have slid back and who has ideas that can deliver a safer world for everyone.<\/p>\n<p>While the Trump administration has been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/business\/2025\/10\/09\/not-up-for-discussion-brussels-rejects-washingtons-pressure-on-climate-rules\">pressuring countries<\/a> to back away from their climate commitments \u2013 and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/10\/17\/climate\/shipping-pollution-fee-international-maritime-organization.html\">succeeded in delaying an International Maritime Organization vote<\/a> on a global plan to tax greenhouse gas emissions from shipping after <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/releases\/office-of-the-spokesperson\/2025\/10\/taking-action-to-defend-america-from-the-uns-first-global-carbon-tax-the-international-maritime-organizations-imo-net-zero-framework-nzf\">threatening other counties with sanctions, visa restrictions and port fees<\/a> if they supported it \u2013 many countries are still pressing ahead.<\/p>\n<h2>Trump agitates, but many countries are steadfast<\/h2>\n<p>U.S. President Donald Trump, whose administration came into office vowing to <a href=\"https:\/\/climate.law.columbia.edu\/content\/trump-issues-executive-order-climate-change-0\">eliminate climate regulations<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2025\/01\/unleashing-american-energy\/\">boost the fossil fuel industry<\/a>, derided concerns about climate change in his Sept. 23, 2025, speech to the U.N. General Assembly. He called climate change the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t9I5yfQUQ7U\">greatest con job ever perpetuated\u201d<\/a> and ridiculed green energy and climate science.<\/p>\n<p>Trump\u2019s language no longer surprises world leaders, though. More than 100 other countries <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/climate-summit-2025\">announced new climate commitments<\/a> during a high-level summit a few days later.<\/p>\n<p><strong>China<\/strong>, currently the world\u2019s largest greenhouse gas emitter, was lauded for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.renewableinstitute.org\/china-surpasses-2030-renewable-energy-goals-years-ahead-of-schedule\/\">hitting its green energy targets five years early<\/a>. Its rapid expansion of low-cost renewable energy and electric vehicle manufacturing has reduced pollution in Chinese cities while also boosting its economy and expanding the government\u2019s influence around the world.<\/p>\n<p>Chinese President Xi Jinping announced the country\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/en.cppcc.gov.cn\/2025-09\/25\/c_1128276.htm\">first absolute emissions reduction goal<\/a> at the summit, committing to cut its net greenhouse gas emissions by 7% to 10% from peak levels by 2035. China also committed to nearly triple its solar and wind power capacity and expand reforestation efforts.<\/p>\n<p>While advocates and other governments had <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/sustainability\/cop\/chinas-new-climate-target-falls-well-short-eu-says-2025-09-25\/\">hoped for a stronger announcement<\/a> from China, the new goals mark an important shift from the country\u2019s earlier carbon intensity targets, which aimed to decrease the amount of greenhouse gas emissions per unit of economic output but still allowed emissions to grow over time.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"vqYwv\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" style=\"border: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/vqYwv\/1\/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400px\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"What fueled countries electricity supplies in 2024\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>The European Union<\/strong> has yet to submit its new commitments, but the group of 27 European countries <a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/press\/press-releases\/2025\/09\/18\/paris-agreement-eu-submits-statement-of-intent-to-the-unfccc-on-the-post-2030-ndc\/#:%7E:text=Background,(NDCs)%20(UNFCCC%20website)\">delivered a letter of intent<\/a>, saying it would commit to a 66% to 72% collective decrease in net greenhouse gas emissions by 2035 compared with 1990 levels. Europe has seen a swift rise in renewable energy, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/topics\/russias-war-on-ukraine\">up sharply since Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine<\/a> put the continent\u2019s natural gas supplies in jeopardy.<\/p>\n<p>The EU has also made waves by extending its carbon pricing rules beyond its borders.<\/p>\n<p>The EU\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2025\/10\/01\/carbon-border-tax-us-china-and-india-lash-out-at-eu-climate-policy.html\">Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism<\/a>, scheduled to begin in January 2026, will be the first system to charge for the climate impact of imported goods coming into Europe from countries that don\u2019t have carbon prices similar to the EU\u2019s. The measure, meant to even the playing field for EU industries, sets a global precedent for linking carbon emissions to trade.<\/p>\n<p>However, the EU\u2019s climate plans are also facing some headwinds. Its parliament is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/sustainability\/climate-energy\/eu-parliament-plans-cut-back-sustainability-law-further-2025-10-08\/\">moving toward softening<\/a> new corporate sustainability requirements <a href=\"https:\/\/www.netzeroinvestor.net\/news-and-views\/eu-policy-makers-back-down-on-transition-plans-amid-us-pressure\">after pressure from companies<\/a>. And it may face calls from some member countries to <a href=\"https:\/\/subscriber.politicopro.com\/article\/eenews\/2025\/10\/20\/eu-nations-to-push-for-delay-to-controversial-new-carbon-market-00613488\">delay a new carbon market meant<\/a> to cut emissions from road transportation and buildings, Politico reported.<\/p>\n<p>The EU has pledged to mobilize <a href=\"https:\/\/webtv.un.org\/en\/asset\/k12\/k12ebey0bu?_gl=1*1cuxjhu*_ga*MTY2MTgzNzQzMS4xNzU5NTg3MjM4*_ga_TK9BQL5X7Z*czE3NTk2OTYxNTkkbzIkZzEkdDE3NTk2OTkzMDgkajYwJGwwJGgw\">up to 300 billion Euros<\/a> (about US$350 billion) to support the global clean energy transition in developing countries.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The United Kingdom, Japan and Australia<\/strong> submitted their most ambitious targets to date. All three put them on track to reach <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/india-news\/ahead-of-new-york-climate-summit-climate-watch-flags-huge-emissions-gap-101758709221135.html\">net-zero emissions by 2050<\/a>, meaning any greenhouse gases they emit will be offset by projects that avoid carbon emissions or remove carbon from the atmosphere.<\/p>\n<p>In Australia, Queensland\u2019s recent announcement that it would <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treasury.qld.gov.au\/policies-and-programs\/energy\/energy-roadmap\/\">extend existing coal power plant use<\/a> to the 2030s and 2040s may slow national progress. But Queensland also supports scaling up renewable energy and is still <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2025-10-10\/queensland-government-to-establish-400m-energy-fund\/105874318\">aiming for net-zero emissions by 2050<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Norway<\/strong> committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatewatchdata.org\/ndc-tracker?search=norway\">at least 70% by 2035 compared with 1990 levels<\/a>, which would align with the Paris Agreement goal to keep global emissions below 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit). However, it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sodir.no\/en\/whats-new\/publications\/reports\/resource-report\/resource-report-2022\/6--future-production-and-revenues\/\">plans to remain<\/a> a major oil and gas exporter.<\/p>\n<p>Notably, many developing countries also stepped up their commitments.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Brazil<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/brazil\/\">pledged a net emissions reduction of 59% to 67% by 2035<\/a> and is maintaining its 2050 net-zero target. The government also drew criticism for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cm2735yp75ko\">approving plans for oil exploration<\/a> near the mouth of the Amazon River.<\/p>\n<h2>Free riding and taking cover behind the US<\/h2>\n<p>However, while some new climate commitments signal important momentum in the fight against climate change, the tug-of-war between global ambition to slow climate change and strategic self-interests was palpable at the New York summit. The responses to Trump\u2019s remarks revealed both veiled critiques and deceleration of climate action by some governments.<\/p>\n<p>China <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2025\/09\/24\/china-doubles-down-on-climate-wind-and-solar-pledges-a-day-after-trump-called-them-a-scam-00579411\">criticized backsliding by some countries<\/a>, without naming names.<\/p>\n<p>Brazil used the summit to call out countries that were late in submitting their updated climate commitments. Only about a third had submitted their <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/NDCREG\">updated pledges<\/a> at that point.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25575\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25575\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-25575\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/10\/in-story-a-500x332.jpg\" alt=\"Brazilian President Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva pictured seated talking to \" width=\"500\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/10\/in-story-a-500x332.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/10\/in-story-a-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/10\/in-story-a-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/10\/in-story-a.jpg 980w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25575\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brazilian President Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva (right), who will host the 30th annual U.N. climate conference, COP 30, in November 2025, talks with other world leaders at the BRICS summit in 2023. (Image source: Wikimedia Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><\/figure>\n<p>While it is difficult to parse out individual country motivations \u2013 economic stress, wars and political influence can all play a role \u2013 many <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14693062.2017.1412934\">scholars worry<\/a> that <a href=\"https:\/\/bfi.uchicago.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/BFI_WP_2023-146-1.pdf\">U.S. backsliding will lead<\/a> other countries to reduce their climate commitments, and some recent pledges appear to back this up.<\/p>\n<p>Many petroleum-producing countries missed the U.N. pledge deadline. Qatar, which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2025\/05\/21\/nx-s1-5406420\/trump-accepts-qatar-plane-air-force-one\">recently gifted the U.S. a jet plane for Trump\u2019s use<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.trade.gov\/country-commercial-guides\/qatar-oil-gas-field-machinery-equipment\">has an economy largely bolstered by the oil and gas industry<\/a>, has not updated its pledge since 2021. The six-member <a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication_chapters\/carbon-markets-as-a-strategic-pathway-to-carbon-reduction-in-qatar\/\">Gulf Cooperation Council\u2019s average<\/a> emissions reduction target is even lower than Qatar\u2019s, at around 21.6% by 2030.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, Argentina, among the world\u2019s top holders of shale oil and gas reserves, has not released its updated commitments. Progress on its previous commitment has been undermined by political shifts since President Javier Milei\u2019s election in 2023.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25576\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25576\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25576 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/10\/in-story-b-500x332.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Javier Milei and President Donald Trump talking in front of flags. \" width=\"500\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/10\/in-story-b-500x332.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/10\/in-story-b-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/10\/in-story-b-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/10\/in-story-b.jpg 980w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25576\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Argentine President Javier Milei meets with U.S. President Donald Trump. (Image source: Wikimedia Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Milei initially vowed to abandon the 2030 agenda entirely and withdraw from the Paris Agreement, though his administration later backtracked. His dismissal of climate change as a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/subscriber.politicopro.com\/article\/eenews\/2023\/11\/22\/new-argentine-president-calls-climate-change-a-socialist-lie-00128373\">socialist lie<\/a>\u201d has aligned Argentina closely with Trump, culminating in a recently <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2025\/09\/25\/trump-argentina-milei-bessent-republicans-bailout-00581449\">planned US$20 billion aid package<\/a> from the U.S. to Argentina and raising questions about whether Argentina\u2019s climate stance reflects genuine policy or geopolitical strategy.<\/p>\n<p>Also noticeably absent are commitments from India, Mexico, South Africa and Saudi Arabia. Angola weakened its climate pledge, citing lack of international funding.<\/p>\n<h2>A new way to make climate commitments?<\/h2>\n<p>While many countries are promising progress to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatewatchdata.org\/ndc-tracker\">commitments formally submitted as of Oct. 20<\/a> were still far below the level needed to keep global temperatures from rising by 2 C (3.6 F), let alone 1.5 C.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n<p><figure style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/697432\/original\/file-20251021-66-defjvr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/697432\/original\/file-20251021-66-defjvr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/697432\/original\/file-20251021-66-defjvr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=574&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/697432\/original\/file-20251021-66-defjvr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=574&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/697432\/original\/file-20251021-66-defjvr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=574&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/697432\/original\/file-20251021-66-defjvr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=721&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/697432\/original\/file-20251021-66-defjvr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=721&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/697432\/original\/file-20251021-66-defjvr.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=721&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"Chart shows slow progress\" width=\"600\" height=\"574\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Countries\u2019 new climate pledges \u2013 known as nationally determined contributions, or NDCs \u2013 as of Oct. 20, 2025, compiled by ClimateWatch, were still far from keeping global warming under 2 C (3.6 F), let alone 1.5 C (2.7 F). The total includes 62 countries that had submitted pledges, including a U.S. pledge submitted before the Trump administration took office. It does not include China\u2019s announced pledge or the European Union\u2019s expected pledge. ClimateWatch, CC BY<\/figcaption><\/figure><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>To help boost national efforts and accountability, Brazil has proposed a new approach it calls a globally determined contribution. Unlike the 1997 Kyoto Protocol framework, which set fixed, country-specific emission reduction targets based on historical baselines, or the 2015 Paris Agreement\u2019s pledge-as-you-can system, it would establish global targets aligned with the Paris Agreement\u2019s temperature goals.<\/p>\n<p>So, a globally determined contribution might state, for example, that the world will triple its renewable energy production and reverse deforestation by 2030. A target like that gives countries a clearer path of action. The new format would also allow city and state actions to be counted separately, increasing incentives for them to act.<\/p>\n<p>As the <a href=\"https:\/\/cop30.br\/en\">host of the COP30 climate talks<\/a> Nov. 10-21, 2025, Brazil is uniquely positioned to champion this concept. In the absence of U.S. leadership, the proposal could offer a rare opportunity for countries to collectively strengthen commitments and reshape treaty language in a way never seen before \u2013 leaving open the possibility for progress.<\/p>\n<p><em>Wila Mannella, a research assistant and graduate student in environmental studies at USC, contributed to this article.<\/em><!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/267194\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/shannon-gibson-1388776\">Shannon Gibson<\/a>, Professor of Environmental Studies, Political Science and International Relations, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/usc-dornsife-college-of-letters-arts-and-sciences-2669\">USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/trumps-words-arent-stopping-china-brazil-and-many-other-countries-from-setting-higher-climate-goals-but-progress-is-slow-267194\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Related Articles\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/phd-student-studies-galapagos-tortoises-to-preserve-ecosystems\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >PhD candidate finds his field of dreams studying Galapagos 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<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Trump administration has been pressuring countries to back away from their climate commitments, but many are still pressing ahead.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":25570,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[66,114,87,108,83],"class_list":["post-25561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sustainability","tag-climate-change","tag-environmental-studies","tag-expert-viewpoint","tag-political-science","tag-the-conversation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Trump\u2019s words aren\u2019t stopping China, Brazil and many other countries from setting higher climate goals, but progress 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