{"id":23587,"date":"2025-03-03T13:07:40","date_gmt":"2025-03-03T21:07:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/?p=23587"},"modified":"2025-03-10T14:29:35","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T21:29:35","slug":"stoicism-philosophy-for-modern-times","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/stoicism-philosophy-for-modern-times\/","title":{"rendered":"The 2,300-year-old philosophy of Stoicism finds a foothold in modern times"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                          \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism_Top-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism_Top-1920x1080.jpg 1920w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism_Top-1280x720.jpg 1280w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism_Top-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"A painting of a man asleep in a chair with an angel over him. A nearby table contains a number of objects\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  \u201cMomento Mori\u201d paintings such as <em>The Gentleman\u2019s Dream<\/em> (ca. 1660) by Antonio de Pereda visualize the contemplation of death, taking inspiration from the Stoics, who encouraged adherents to remember life\u2019s fleeting nature.\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=arts-and-culture\">Arts and Culture<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>The 2,300-year-old philosophy of Stoicism finds a foothold in modern times<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  The Ancient Greek philosophy has acquired a new generation of acolytes. USC Dornsife philosophy professor Ralph Wedgwood explains its appeal.\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Margaret Crable<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">March 3, 2025<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" 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cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>In 2012, Penguin Random House sold 12,000 copies of Marcus Aurelius\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/classics.mit.edu\/Antoninus\/meditations.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Meditations<\/em><\/a>, reflections influenced by the Ancient Greek philosophy Stoicism. In 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/booksblog\/2020\/apr\/16\/how-stoics-are-speaking-to-locked-down-readers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the book sold 100,000 copies.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/dailystoic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YouTube channels<\/a> devoted to \u201cModern Stoicism\u201d have millions of subscribers, and Silicon Valley tech millionaires <a href=\"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/media\/2020\/01\/silicon-valley-stoicism-holiday\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expound its wisdom<\/a>. What prompted a 2,300-year-old philosophy to stage a comeback in such spectacular fashion?<\/p>\n<p>It may be that Stoicism\u2019s ancient framework for managing emotions feels particularly relevant for navigating modernity\u2019s crises. Our phones buzz ceaselessly with alarm about rising authoritarianism, the threat of nuclear war, or AI\u2019s impending takeover, yet responding constructively to all of these disasters feels impossible.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_23595\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-23595\" style=\"width: 275px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism-Ralph-Wedgwood_InStoryA.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23595\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism-Ralph-Wedgwood_InStoryA.jpg\" alt=\"Black-and-white portrait of Ralph Wedgwood\" width=\"275\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism-Ralph-Wedgwood_InStoryA.jpg 980w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism-Ralph-Wedgwood_InStoryA-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism-Ralph-Wedgwood_InStoryA-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism-Ralph-Wedgwood_InStoryA-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism-Ralph-Wedgwood_InStoryA-320x320.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-23595\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professor of Philosophy Ralph Wedgwood\u2019s class \u201cThe Ancient Stoics\u201d (PHIL 416) gives students a background in Stoicism. (Photo: Courtesy of Wedgwood.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Enter Stoicism, which urges you to ignore the rage bait, put down the phone and think more constructively. \u201cMen are disturbed not by things, but by the views which they take of them,\u201d says the Stoic Epictetus in his <em>Handbook<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cStoics think that each of us are finite, limited beings. There are a few things we can control and other things we can\u2019t control, and we should keep track of those things and have different attitudes towards those domains,\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/profile\/ralph-wedgwood\/\">Ralph Wedgwood<\/a>, director of the School of <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/phil\/\">Philosophy<\/a> and professor of philosophy at the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences. \u201cThat\u2019s the goal of life, to have this accurate understanding, and to be guided by this.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Stoicism: The phoenix philosophy<\/h2>\n<p>Stoicism was born from disaster and has rerisen, rather Phoenix-like, for centuries. Around 300 B.C., a shipwreck bankrupted a merchant named Zeno and landed him in Athens, Greece. There, he began studying philosophy, eventually developing and teaching his own. He held forth at the Stoa Poikile, a columned walkway from which his acolytes, Stoics, would later draw their name.<\/p>\n<p>For nearly 500 years, the philosophy held great influence in both Greece and the Roman Empire. It was eclipsed over the years by other branches of philosophical thought, and then Christianity. A millennium passed, and Stoicism became mostly forgotten, the vast majority of its texts lost or destroyed, including those of Zeno. (Most of what remains is Roman like the <em>Meditations<\/em>.)<\/p>\n<p>In the 15th century, the Renaissance\u2019s renewed interest in classical antiquity sent excited scholars diving into the archives to dredge up older ideas. One of these was Stoicism. The debut of the printing press in the 1440s made broad distribution of ideas easier, and Stoicism gained a more permanent cultural foothold, although its popularity would continue to wax and wane over the years.<\/p>\n<p>Although Stoicism\u2019s ascendance seems relatively recent, it\u2019s actually been a somewhat steadily growing, subliminal influence since the 1970s.<\/p>\n<p>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy that encourages patients to rethink their emotional reactions, was directly inspired by Stoicism. Its founder, the psychiatrist Aaron Beck, <a href=\"https:\/\/julesevans.medium.com\/rip-aaron-beck-founder-of-cbt-and-reviver-of-the-stoics-cognitive-approach-to-therapy-da055ba45cbf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told an interviewer in 2007<\/a>, \u201cI also was influenced by the Stoic philosophers who stated that it was a meaning of events rather than the events themselves that affected people.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>CBT is now one of the most popular forms of mental health treatment. Small wonder, then, that Stoicism\u2019s popularity has grown alongside the widespread clinical use of its philosophical relative.<\/p>\n<div class=\"video-embed\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Stoicism in Philosophy, Explained\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bHTvx49Z630?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h2>Stoicism as a tool for the warrior scholar<\/h2>\n<p>However, unlike traditional therapy, which often conjures up visions of pastel couches and comforting Kleenex, Stoicism has a reputation for tactical, mindful hardiness.<\/p>\n<p>Aurelius wrote down his reflections while planning military campaigns. Navy Officer James Stockdale famously <a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/ca\/podcast\/the-incredible-stoicism-of-james-stockdale-prisoner-at-war\/id1430315931?i=1000504940774\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deployed its teachings <\/a>to help him endure years of torture and imprisonment during the Vietnam War. Stockdale turned in particular to the lectures of Epictetus, who himself suffered as a slave in ancient Rome.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s perhaps unsurprising that its current revival has sprung up in large part from the \u201cmanosphere\u201d of male podcasters, YouTubers and Substack writers, an association that has some <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theswaddle.com\/stoicism-has-become-a-masculine-ideal-that-values-repression-indifference-what-could-go-wrong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">poo-pooing<\/a> its revival as just a toxic return to repression of male emotions.<\/p>\n<p>Wedgwood, whose USC Dornsife courses include \u201cThe Ancient Stoics\u201d (PHIL 416), says that\u2019s an inaccurate understanding of the philosophy. \u201cIt\u2019s not about tamping down feelings. For Stoics, it\u2019s about achieving an emotional intelligence, trying to change your habits so they\u2019re not so destructive,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>Stoics criticized emotions like anger, which they regarded as misleading. They analogized the beginnings of anger to being splashed with cold water, the jolt of which makes you feel you must immediately react. \u201cThis is an illusion, that somehow revenge would fix the wrong,\u201d says Wedgwood. \u201cRather than raging or fuming, you should try to have feelings that are productive. We should think of the future rather than avenging the past.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Women will find the philosophy\u2019s wisdom just as useful; Stoics themselves made a number of egalitarian arguments, observes Wedgwood. \u201cThe later Stoics are not social reformers, but they believed women should receive the same education as men and insisted they have the same capacities as men for courage, wisdom and self-control.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Stoics offer \u201ccircles of concern\u201d to guide priorities<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_23598\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-23598\" style=\"width: 320px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism-Circles-of-Concern_InStoryB.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23598\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism-Circles-of-Concern_InStoryB-500x500.jpg\" alt=\"Overlapping circles with text illustrate the \u201cCircles of Concern\u201d\" width=\"320\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism-Circles-of-Concern_InStoryB-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism-Circles-of-Concern_InStoryB-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism-Circles-of-Concern_InStoryB-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism-Circles-of-Concern_InStoryB-320x320.jpg 320w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/Stoicism-Circles-of-Concern_InStoryB.jpg 980w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-23598\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A representation of the Stoic concept of \u201cOikei\u00f4sis.\u201d (Illustration: Letty Avila.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In addition to better management of emotions, Stoics offer helpful insight into how to prioritize demands on our time and resources, says Wedgwood. Such a framework may be increasingly helpful in an era in which we\u2019re grappling with how to best respond to the crises of the entire world.<\/p>\n<p>Consider the debate over <span class=\"s1\">rebuilding Notre Dame<\/span>: Effective altruists <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/future-perfect\/390458\/charity-america-effective-altruism-local\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decried the millions<\/a> spent to fund the reconstruction of the Notre Dame Cathedral, arguing that the money would have been better spent on lifesaving mosquito tents in Africa. In recent discussions around immigration, Vice President JD Vance <a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/7213348\/what-is-ordo-amoris-vice-president-jd-vance-invokes-catholic-concept-immigration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">revived St. Augustine\u2019s notion of \u201cOrdo Amoris\u201d<\/a> (\u201cOrder of Love\u201d) as a guide to how we deploy our attention and resources.<\/p>\n<p>Stoics have been contemplating the best way to order our priorities since Zeno himself. They proposed that humans inhabit a nested set of circles, a framework of affinity dubbed \u201cOikeiosis.\u201d The innermost circle was our soul, next came one\u2019s physical body, then various layers of family, after that one\u2019s community, and so on, to the entirety of humankind.<\/p>\n<p>Closer circles are usually given more weight, but those closer to the edge of the ring can still be valued. We may even strive to collapse some of the difference between outer circles at times by treating them as if they inhabited a more inner ring. \u201cFor the Stoics, we do not belong to just one whole, we are part of many wholes, called to serve all those many communities,\u201d says Wedgwood.<\/p>\n<h2>Recommended reading on Stoicism<\/h2>\n<p>For those interested in reading more Stoic philosophy, Wedgwood recommends:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/40481\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>The Stoic Life: Emotions, Duties, and Fate<\/em><\/a> by Tad Brennan<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/Stoicism\/Sellars\/p\/book\/9781844650538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Stoicism (Ancient Philosophies)<\/em><\/a> by John Sellars<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/39212\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Stoic Wisdom: Ancient Lessons for Modern Resilience<\/em><\/a> by Nancy Sherman<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Becoming a Stoic requires reading about more than just Stoicism, adds Wedgwood. \u201cThe Stoic ideal is acquiring a reliably accurate understanding of the world.\u201d Hence, the ancient Stoics studied a wide range of topics, from formal logic to <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/religion\/\">theology<\/a> to <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/physics\/\">physics<\/a> \u2014 all available for study at USC Dornsife.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Related Articles\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/im-a-philosopher-who-tries-to-see-the-best-in-others-but-i-know-there-are-limits\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >I\u2019m a philosopher who tries to see the best in others \u2013 but I know there are\u00a0limits<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/4m-templeton-foundation-grant-funds-new-frontier-in-cosmology\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >$4M grant from the John Templeton Foundation funds a new frontier in cosmology<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/can-ai-think-what-it-means-to-think-from-plato-to-chatgpt\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Can AI think \u2013 and should it? What it means to think, from Plato to\u00a0ChatGPT<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Ancient Greek philosophy has acquired a new generation of acolytes. Chair of USC Dornsife\u2019s School of Philosophy Ralph Wedgwood explains its appeal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":23590,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,10],"tags":[75,193],"class_list":["post-23587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-and-culture","category-faculty","tag-humanities","tag-philosophy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The 2,300-year-old philosophy of Stoicism finds a foothold in modern times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The 2,300-year-old philosophy gains a new generation of acolytes, offering a method for coping in modern times\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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