{"id":23444,"date":"2025-02-21T15:22:12","date_gmt":"2025-02-21T23:22:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/?p=23444"},"modified":"2025-02-21T15:22:13","modified_gmt":"2025-02-21T23:22:13","slug":"laying-groundwork-to-contain-people-of-color-and-immigrants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/laying-groundwork-to-contain-people-of-color-and-immigrants\/","title":{"rendered":"We study mass surveillance for social control, and we see Trump laying the groundwork to \u2018contain\u2019 people of color and immigrants"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/surveillance_friedman_top-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/surveillance_friedman_top-1920x1080.jpg 1920w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/surveillance_friedman_top-1280x720.jpg 1280w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/surveillance_friedman_top-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"Rows of security cameras on a brick wall beside a tall, narrow window.\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Black and Latino communities are disproportionately affected by mass surveillance, studies show. (Image Source: Pexels.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=politics\">Politics<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>We study mass surveillance for social control, and we see Trump laying the groundwork to \u2018contain\u2019 people of color and immigrants<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Create a moral panic. Blame it on certain people. Commence monitoring. Deploy droves of security agents. Detain or remove the targets. Sound familiar?\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Brittany Friedman and Raquel Delerme<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">February 21, 2025<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" 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cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>President Donald Trump has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/maryroeloffs\/2024\/11\/06\/trump-vowed-to-go-after-political-rivals-if-re-elected-heres-who-could-be-targeted\/\">vowed to target his political enemies<\/a>, and experts have warned that he could <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/national-security\/former-cia-officials-worry-trump-politicize-weaponize-intelligence-age-rcna179024\">weaponize U.S. intelligence agencies to conduct<\/a> mass surveillance on his targets. <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/privacyinternational.org\/learn\/mass-surveillance\">Mass surveillance<\/a> is the widespread monitoring of civilians. Governments typically target specific groups \u2013 such as religious minorities, certain races or ethnicities, or migrants \u2013 for surveillance and use the information gathered to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/china\/2023\/11\/23\/chinas-enormous-surveillance-state-is-still-growing\">\u201ccontain\u201d these populations<\/a>, for example by arresting and imprisoning people.<\/p>\n<p>We are <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/profile\/brittany-friedman\/\">experts in social control<\/a>, or how governments coerce compliance, and we <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/soci\/profile\/raquel-delerme\/\">specialize in surveillance<\/a>. Based on our expertise and years of research, we expect Trump\u2019s second White House term may usher in a wave of spying against people of color and immigrants.<\/p>\n<h2>Spreading moral panic<\/h2>\n<p>Trump is already actively deploying a key tactic in expanding mass surveillance: causing <a href=\"https:\/\/thefridaytimes.com\/21-May-2022\/constructing-fear-the-politics-of-moral-panics\">moral panics<\/a>. Moral panics are created when politicians exaggerate a public concern to manipulate real fears people may have. <\/p>\n<p>Take <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/dc-md-va\/2025\/02\/10\/trump-dc-crime-homeless-camps-graffiti-crackdown\/\">Trump on crime<\/a>, for example. Despite FBI data showing that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/fbi-data-confirms-drop-most-crimes-2023-especially-murders\">crime has been dropping across the U.S.<\/a> for decades, Trump has repeatedly claimed that \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/investigations\/trump-says-crime-up-fbi-numbers-say-crime-historic-lows-rcna173590\">crime is out of control<\/a>.\u201d Stoking fear makes people more likely to back harsh measures purportedly targeting crime.<\/p>\n<p>Trump has also worked to create a moral panic about immigration. <\/p>\n<p>He has said, for example, that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c5133406\/trump-illegal-immigrants-theyre-taking-jobs\">\u201cillegal\u201d migrants are taking American jobs<\/a>. In truth, only 5% of the 30 million immigrants in the workforce as of 2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2024\/10\/21\/most-us-voters-say-immigrants-no-matter-their-legal-status-mostly-take-jobs-citizens-dont-want\/#:%7E:text=Over%2030%20million%20immigrants%20were,5%25%20of%20all%20workers\">were unauthorized to work<\/a>. And in his Jan. 25, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2025-01\/25_0123_finding-of-mass-influx-of-aliens.pdf\">presidential proclamation<\/a> on immigration, Trump likened immigration at the southern border to an \u201cinvasion,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2025\/01\/guaranteeing-the-states-protection-against-invasion\/\">evoking the language of war<\/a> to describe a population that includes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/us-detention-child-migrants\">many asylum-seeking women and children<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>The second step in causing moral panics is to <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/54586\">label racial, ethnic and religious minorities as villains<\/a> to justify expanding mass surveillance.<\/p>\n<p>Building on his rhetoric about crime and immigration, Trump frequently connects the two issues. He has said that migrants murder because they have \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/10\/07\/politics\/trump-undocumented-immigrants-bad-genes\/index.html\">bad genes<\/a>,\u201d echoing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/12\/22\/us\/politics\/trump-blood-comments.html\">beliefs expressed by white supremacists<\/a>. During the 2016 campaign, Trump\u2019s coinage \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2016\/10\/19\/trump-we-have-some-bad-hombres-and-were-going-to-get-them-out.html\">bad hombre<\/a>\u201d invoked stereotypes of dangerous migrants crossing the U.S.-Mexico border to steal jobs and sell drugs. <\/p>\n<p>The president has similarly connected Black communities with crime. At an August 2024 rally in Atlanta, Georgia, Trump called the majority-Black city \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wabe.org\/trump-says-atlanta-is-like-a-killing-field-data-shows-violent-crime-is-dropping\/\">a killing field<\/a>.\u201d The month prior, he said the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/livecoverage\/rnc-trump-speech-biden-election-2024\/card\/trump-calls-washington-d-c-a-horrible-killing-field--ms2EwmC5wuteIJAfy30J\">same thing about Washington, D.C<\/a>. <\/p>\n<h2>Primary targets<\/h2>\n<p>History shows that in the U.S. moral panics are most likely to target Latino, Indigenous and Black communities as a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/police-surveillance-and-facial-recognition-why-data-privacy-is-an-imperative-for-communities-of-color\/\">precursor to surveillance and subjugation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In the 18th century, Colonial politicians passed legislation likening the Indigenous people of the American colonies to \u201csavages\u201d and <a href=\"https:\/\/canopyforum.org\/2023\/03\/07\/federal-anti-indian-law-the-legal-entrapment-of-indigenous-peoples\/\">passed laws<\/a> identifying Indigenous tribes as <a href=\"https:\/\/eji.org\/news\/history-racial-injustice-cultural-genocide\/\">political enemies to be assimilated<\/a>. If \u201ckilling the Indian\u201d out of people didn\u2019t work, they were to be tracked down and <a href=\"https:\/\/library.law.howard.edu\/civilrightshistory\/indigenous\/removal\">removed from the population through imprisonment or death<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Another early form of moral panics escalating to spying and mass surveillance were <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-racist-roots-of-american-policing-from-slave-patrols-to-traffic-stops-112816\">southern slave patrols<\/a>, which emerged in the early 1700s after pro-slavery politicians proclaimed that Black escapees <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hup.harvard.edu\/books\/9780674012349\">would terrorize white communities<\/a>. Slave patrols tracked down and captured not only Black escapees but also free Black people, whom they sold into bondage. They also imprisoned any person, enslaved or not, <a href=\"https:\/\/naacp.org\/find-resources\/history-explained\/origins-modern-day-policing\">suspected of sheltering escapees<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>Once a group of people becomes the subject of moral panics and targeted for government surveillance, our research shows, the effects are felt for generations. <\/p>\n<p>Black and Indigenous communities are still <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2024.html\">arrested and incarcerated at disproportionately high rates<\/a> compared with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/reports\/the-color-of-justice-racial-and-ethnic-disparity-in-state-prisons-the-sentencing-project\/\">their percentage in the U.S. population<\/a>. This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/fact-sheet\/incarcerated-women-and-girls\/\">even affects children<\/a>, with Indigenous girls imprisoned at four times the rate of white girls, and Black girls at more than twice the rate of white girls. <\/p>\n<h2>Low-tech methods<\/h2>\n<p>These 21st-century numbers reflect decades of targeted surveillance. <\/p>\n<p>In the 1950s, the FBI under Director J. Edgar Hoover created the counter-intelligence programs <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lib.berkeley.edu\/about\/news\/fbi\">COINTELPRO<\/a>, allegedly for investigating communists and radical political groups, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/vault.fbi.gov\/ghetto-informant-program\">Ghetto Informant Program<\/a>. In practice, both programs broadly targeted people of color. From <a href=\"https:\/\/thekingcenter.org\/about-tkc\/faqs\/\">Martin Luther King Jr.<\/a> to <a href=\"https:\/\/libguides.princeton.edu\/c.php?g=84534&amp;p=541974\">U.S. Rep. John Lewis<\/a>, Black activists were identified as a threat, spied on, investigated and sometimes jailed.<\/p>\n<p>President Lyndon Johnson\u2019s \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu\/s\/detroitunderfire\/page\/national-and-local-war-on-crime\">war on crime,<\/a>\u201d a sweeping set of federal changes that militarized local police in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ojp.gov\/ncjrs\/virtual-library\/abstracts\/law-enforcement-assistance-act-1965-hearings-subcommittee-senate\">urban communities<\/a>, continued this mass surveillance in the 1960s. Later came the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vera.org\/news\/fifty-years-ago-today-president-nixon-declared-the-war-on-drugs\">war on drugs<\/a>,\u201d which an aide to President Richard Nixon later said was designed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2016\/03\/23\/politics\/john-ehrlichman-richard-nixon-drug-war-blacks-hippie\/index.html\">explicitly to target Black people<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>In subsequent decades, politicians would stir up new moral panics about Black communities \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2009\/01\/27\/health\/27coca.html\">remember the \u201ccrack babies\u201d<\/a> who never really existed? \u2013 and use fear to justify police <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/race-mass-incarceration-and-disastrous-war-drugs\">surveillance, arrests and mass incarceration<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>These early examples of mass surveillance lacked the technology that enables spying today, such as CCTV and hacked laptop cameras. Nonetheless, past U.S. administrations have been remarkably effective at achieving social control by creating moral panics then deploying mass surveillance to contain the \u201cthreat.\u201d They enlisted droves of police officers, recruited informants to infiltrate groups and locked people away. <\/p>\n<p>These textbook surveillance methods are still routinely used now. <\/p>\n<h2>Police fusion centers<\/h2>\n<p>For many Americans, the term \u201cmass surveillance\u201d evokes the Department of Homeland Security, which was founded after the 9\/11 terrorist attacks. This national agency, which forms part of a federal <a href=\"https:\/\/epic.org\/issues\/surveillance-oversight\/intelligence-surveillance\/\">intelligence apparatus<\/a> of more than 20 agencies focused on surveillance, has played a key role in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/invasive-and-ineffective-dhs-surveillance-911\">mass surveillance since 2001<\/a>, especially of Muslim Americans. <\/p>\n<p>But it has local help in the form of police units known as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/fusion-centers\">fusion centers<\/a>. These units feed identification information and physical evidence such as video footage to federal agencies such as the FBI and CIA, according to a 2023 <a href=\"https:\/\/csrr.rutgers.edu\/issues\/fusion-center-report\/\">whistleblower report<\/a> from Rutgers Law School. <\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nj.gov\/njsp\/division\/investigations\/njroic.shtml\">New Jersey Regional Operations Intelligence Center<\/a>, for example, is a police fusion center overseeing New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. It employs advanced military technology to gather massive amounts of personal data on people perceived as potential security threats. According to the Rutgers report, these \u201cthreats\u201d are highly concentrated in Black, Latino and Arab communities, as well as areas with a high concentration of political organizing, such as Black Lives Matter groups and immigrant aid organizations. <\/p>\n<p>The New Jersey police fusion approach leads to <a href=\"https:\/\/csrr.rutgers.edu\/issues\/fusion-center-report\/\">increased arrest rates<\/a>, according to the report, but there\u2019s no real evidence that it prevents crime or terrorism. <\/p>\n<h2>Guantanamo and black sites<\/h2>\n<p>Given Trump\u2019s pledges to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/news\/criminal-law-reform\/trump-promises-to-militarize-police-reincarcerate-thousands-and-expand-death-penalty\">further militarize border enforcement<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/publications\/trump-on-the-criminal-legal-system\">expand U.S. jails and prisons<\/a>, we anticipate a rise in spending on fusion centers and other tools of mass surveillance under Trump. The moral panics he\u2019s been stirring up since 2015 suggest that the targets of government surveillance will include immigrants and Black people. <\/p>\n<p>Sometimes, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2015\/oct\/19\/homan-square-chicago-police-disappeared-thousands\">victims of mass surveillance go missing<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>The Guardian reported in 2015 that Chicago police had been temporarily \u201cdisappearing\u201d people at local and federal police \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2015\/feb\/24\/chicago-police-detain-americans-black-site\">black sites<\/a>\u201d since at least 2009. At these clandestine jails, under the guise of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/news\/national-security\/black-sites-whats-torture-us\">national security<\/a>, officers questioned detainees without attorneys and held them for up to 24 hours without any outside contact. Many of the victims were Black.<\/p>\n<p>Another infamous black site was housed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawdragon.com\/news-features\/2024-04-26-judge-on-9-11-case-visits-former-cia-black-site-on-guantanamo-bay\">at the Guantanamo Bay military base<\/a> in Cuba, where the CIA <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/article\/2024\/aug\/02\/september-11-detainee-cia-black-site-photo\">detained and secretly interrogated suspected terrorists<\/a> following the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks. <\/p>\n<p>Trump seems to be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cy0p1ykxyzjo\">reviving the Guantanamo<\/a> black site, flying about 150 Venezuelan migrants to the base since January 2025. It\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/article\/trump-migrants-guantanamo.html\">unclear whether the U.S. government can lawfully detain migrants there<\/a> abroad, yet deportation flights continue. <\/p>\n<p>The administration has not shared the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/02\/09\/us\/politics\/venezuelan-migrants-lawsuit-guantanamo.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share&amp;referringSource=articleShare\">identities of many of the people imprisoned there<\/a>.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/221073\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/brittany-friedman-1379654\">Brittany Friedman<\/a>, Assistant Professor of Sociology at the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-southern-california-1265\">University of Southern California<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/raquel-delerme-1502402\">Raquel Delerme<\/a>, PhD candidate, Department of Sociology, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-southern-california-1265\">University of Southern California<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/we-study-mass-surveillance-for-social-control-and-we-see-trump-laying-the-groundwork-to-contain-people-of-color-and-immigrants-221073\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Related Articles\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/galas-honoring-political-strategist-and-scholar-bob-shrum-raise-nearly-1m-in-support-of-civil-discourse\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Galas honoring political strategist and scholar Bob Shrum raise nearly $1M in support of civil discourse<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/us-and-iran-how-decades-of-mistrust-led-to-open-warfare\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >US and Iran: A brief history of how decades of mistrust and bad blood led to open\u00a0warfare<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/how-the-national-security-council-functions-when-presidents-consider-war\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >How the National Security Council typically functions to plan and fully assess risks when presidents consider going to\u00a0war<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Create a moral panic. Blame it on certain people. Commence monitoring. Deploy droves of security agents. Detain or remove the targets. Sound familiar?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":23446,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[87,83],"class_list":["post-23444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics","tag-expert-viewpoint","tag-the-conversation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>We study mass surveillance for social control, and we see Trump laying the groundwork to \u2018contain\u2019 people of color and immigrants<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/laying-groundwork-to-contain-people-of-color-and-immigrants\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"We study mass surveillance for social control, and we see Trump laying the groundwork to \u2018contain\u2019 people of color and immigrants\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Create a moral panic. Blame it on certain people. Commence monitoring. Deploy droves of security agents. Detain or remove the targets. 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