{"id":22321,"date":"2024-11-27T09:48:22","date_gmt":"2024-11-27T17:48:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/?p=22321"},"modified":"2025-01-31T16:03:15","modified_gmt":"2025-02-01T00:03:15","slug":"un-climate-negotiations-end-on-shaky-geopolitical-ground","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/un-climate-negotiations-end-on-shaky-geopolitical-ground\/","title":{"rendered":"UN climate negotiations end on shaky geopolitical ground, but I see reasons for hope"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/11\/un-climate-conversation-top-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/11\/un-climate-conversation-top-1920x1080.jpg 1920w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/11\/un-climate-conversation-top-1280x720.jpg 1280w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/11\/un-climate-conversation-top-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"A group of delegates at an international conference sit in a row, listening and speaking into microphones, with various country flags displayed on the table.\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Officials from countries around the world met in Baku, Azerbaijan, for COP29 in November 2024. (Photo: <a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/unfccc\/54143274036\/\">UN Climate Change via Flickr<\/a>.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=sustainability\">Sustainability<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>UN climate negotiations end on shaky geopolitical ground, but I see reasons for hope<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  National leaders may be struggling to agree, but businesses see the economic benefits of clean energy, states are cutting emissions, and people everywhere are more cognizant of their actions.\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Shannon Gibson<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">November 27, 2024<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m7.43475275 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     >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>The 2024 United Nations climate talks wrapped up two days late, with an ending fitting that of a geopolitical reality TV show, complete with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/cop29-climate-vulnerable-nations-walk-out-of-overtime-talks\/a-70866984\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">walkouts and recriminations<\/a>.<a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.usc.edu\/assignment-earth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-169\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/03\/AE_News_Rubric.png\" alt=\"On a gold background, &quot;Asgmt Earth&quot; appears inside a black circle and &quot;USC&quot; inside a small, white circle that slightly overlaps the black circle.\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/03\/AE_News_Rubric.png 1250w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/03\/AE_News_Rubric-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/03\/AE_News_Rubric-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/03\/AE_News_Rubric-320x320.png 320w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/03\/AE_News_Rubric-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Countries agreed on a <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/chinas-influence-grows-at-cop29-climate-talks-as-us-leadership-fades-243239\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new climate finance target<\/a> on Nov. 24, 2024, promising to provide at least US$300 billion annually by 2035 to help developing countries build clean energy systems. But it was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/raising-ambition-and-accelerating-delivery-of-climate-finance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">far less than the $1.3 trillion<\/a> vulnerable countries were calling for.<\/p>\n<p>The conference also delayed a debate over how to move forward on a 2023 agreement for all countries to contribute to \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/news\/cop28-agreement-signals-beginning-of-the-end-of-the-fossil-fuel-era\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transitioning away from fossil fuels<\/a>\u201d and to submit climate pledges aligned with the 1.5C limit.<\/p>\n<p>Some people may be ready to write the epitaph for global progress against climate change. But as someone who <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/profile\/shannon-gibson\/\">teaches global environmental politics<\/a> and has followed international climate talks for years, I see both practical and moral reasons to remain hopeful.<\/p>\n<h2>The battle to keep the 1.5 C goal alive<\/h2>\n<p>In 2015, the world\u2019s nations agreed as part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/process-and-meetings\/the-paris-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paris climate accord<\/a> to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), with an aspirational target of 1.5 C (2.7 F). This target is important, but sometimes confusing. It is rooted in science, but it is not a singular \u201ctipping point.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>As the planet warms beyond 1.5 C, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/science\/climate-issues\/degrees-matter#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">multiple large-scale climate shifts<\/a> will become more likely.<\/p>\n<p>Ocean circulation is <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2024.1345426\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">already slowing<\/a>, coral reefs face increasingly common <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-worlds-fourth-mass-coral-bleaching-is-underway-but-well-connected-reefs-may-have-a-better-chance-to-recover-230755\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mass bleaching events<\/a> as the <a href=\"https:\/\/climatereanalyzer.org\/clim\/sst_daily\/?dm_id=world2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oceans heat up<\/a>, and Arctic <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/thawing-permafrost-is-roiling-the-arctic-landscape-driven-by-a-hidden-world-of-changes-beneath-the-surface-as-the-climate-warms-174157\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">permafrost is thawing<\/a>, releasing greenhouse gases that further fuel climate change. Rising temperatures are also fueling increasingly frequent and more damaging <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/2023-ipcc-ar6-synthesis-report-climate-change-findings#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heat waves, droughts, wildfires and flooding<\/a> that put human lives and livelihoods at risk.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-22323\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/11\/global-land-and-sea-surface-temperatures.png\" alt=\"Bar chart showing global land and sea surface temperature changes from 1880 to 2023, with blue bars indicating cooler years and red bars showing warming, peaking in recent years.\" width=\"1220\" height=\"922\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/11\/global-land-and-sea-surface-temperatures.png 1220w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/11\/global-land-and-sea-surface-temperatures-500x378.png 500w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/11\/global-land-and-sea-surface-temperatures-1024x774.png 1024w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/11\/global-land-and-sea-surface-temperatures-768x580.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1220px) 100vw, 1220px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Recognizing these risks, the Paris Agreement was widely heralded, and many countries have made progress in lowering their emissions in the decade since. However, not all countries are pulling their weight.<\/p>\n<p>In 2023, the U.N. acknowledged that the countries\u2019 current commitments for addressing climate change, known as nationally determined contributions, or NDCs, would still result in a catastrophic 2.5 C to 2.9 C (4.5 F to 5.2 F) of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/emissions-gap-report-2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warming by 2100<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/wmo.int\/publication-series\/state-of-climate-2024-update-cop29#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">World Meteorological Organization issued a \u201cred alert\u201d<\/a> in November 2024 that the world is on track to overshoot the 1.5 C goal this year. It notes that this overshoot can be temporary \u2014 if countries take greater action.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22324\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22324\" style=\"width: 1920px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22324\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/11\/file-20241122-15-crl3rp.png\" alt=\"A thermometer shows the world is not on track to meet the Paris goals.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/11\/file-20241122-15-crl3rp.png 1920w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/11\/file-20241122-15-crl3rp-500x438.png 500w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/11\/file-20241122-15-crl3rp-1024x897.png 1024w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/11\/file-20241122-15-crl3rp-768x672.png 768w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/11\/file-20241122-15-crl3rp-1536x1345.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22324\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Projections for how much temperatures will rise by the end of the century based on current policies, countries\u2019 2030 formal targets, countries\u2019 2030 pledges and a best-case scenario if all announced targets are met. (Image: Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute (c).)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>How the world can still meet the Paris goals<\/h2>\n<p>Countries can still turn the tide on climate change.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/resource\/cma2023_L17_adv.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">outcomes of the 2023 climate talks<\/a> provided a road map for countries to increase their efforts toward net-zero emissions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Triple renewable energy capacity globally.<\/li>\n<li>Accelerate a phasedown of coal power.<\/li>\n<li>Transition away from fossil fuels.<\/li>\n<li>Accelerate zero-emissions and low-emissions technologies.<\/li>\n<li>Cut methane and other noncarbon dioxide emissions.<\/li>\n<li>Reduce emissions from road transport.<\/li>\n<li>Phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Many countries are making progress on this transition.<\/p>\n<p>Among developed countries, Norway is on track to <a href=\"https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/norway\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">phase out of fossil fuel vehicle sales in 2025<\/a>. China has become a <a href=\"https:\/\/e360.yale.edu\/features\/china-renewable-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leader in renewable energy<\/a>. It pledged in 2020 to double its renewable energy capacity by 2030, and, thanks to solar power deployment, it expects to complete that goal in half the time.<\/p>\n<p>Other nations, including the U.K., Greece and Denmark, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/countries-phasing-out-coal-power-fastest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have embarked on major efforts to scale down coal power<\/a>, with Portugal being the first to hit zero coal.<\/p>\n<p>An important mechanism of the Paris Agreement is the expectation that countries will ratchet up their commitments every five years. The deadline for these new climate goals is early 2025, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatewatchdata.org\/ndc-tracker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some countries have gotten a head start<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Brazil <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/NDCREG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced its new climate commitments<\/a> during the climate conference, pledging to reduce emissions 67% by 2035. The United Arab Emirates submitted a commitment to reduce its emissions by 47% compared with its 2019 baseline emissions. Other countries signaled their intentions in high-level statements. <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/NDCREG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Belgium announced<\/a> a doubling of its climate finance contribution.<\/p>\n<p>These new announcements are a good sign of continued global support for the Paris Agreement goals.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, the conference made progress on agreements to reduce non-CO\u2082 emissions, namely methane, nitrous oxide and hydrofluorocarbons \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/the-sprint-to-cut-climate-super-pollutants-cop-29-summit-on-methane-and-non-co2-ghgs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">also known as climate change \u201csuper pollutants\u201d<\/a> because of their extreme global warming potential.<\/p>\n<h2>Why the Paris Agreement will survive a second Trump presidency<\/h2>\n<p>There is no doubt that Donald Trump returning as U.S. president will pose significant roadblocks to efforts to slow climate change. As a candidate, he talked about <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-trump-can-do-to-reverse-us-climate-policy-and-what-he-probably-cant-change-243129\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">throttling back U.S. efforts<\/a>, including cutting funding for clean energy and eliminating regulations on the fossil fuel industry.<\/p>\n<p>But efforts to deal with climate change are bigger than one person or even one country.<\/p>\n<p>While Trump has declared that he will pull the U.S. out of the international Paris Agreement again, influential people are advising him to reconsider. Exxon Mobil CEO Darren Woods argued that a U.S. withdrawal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/11\/12\/business\/energy-environment\/exxon-mobil-baku-climate-cop29.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">would leave a hole at the global negotiating table<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Even if Trump does pull the U.S. out of the treaty, which he can do after a one-year waiting period, that doesn\u2019t mean pro-climate actions in the U.S. will simply stop or that the agreement will fall apart.<\/p>\n<p>There are commonsense business reasons to push climate efforts forward, starting with the fact that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irena.org\/Publications\/2024\/Sep\/Renewable-Power-Generation-Costs-in-2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clean energy is now cheaper than fossil fuels<\/a> in much of the world. Nearly 1 in 5 vehicles sold in 2023 globally were electric. In the U.S., heat pump sales are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ahrinet.org\/analytics\/statistics\/monthly-shipments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">beating gas furnaces<\/a> for the third straight year.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/levelized-cost-of-energy?tab=chart\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>A withdrawal from the Paris Agreement also does not prevent states and cities from continuing their progress against climate change.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, after Trump announced he would withdraw the U.S. from the agreement in 2017, several U.S. states <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wearestillin.com\/news\/unprecedented-coalition-american-leaders-demonstrates-united-states-still-paris-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doubled down<\/a> on their climate commitments. Hawaii, for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/energy.hawaii.gov\/what-we-do\/clean-energy-vision\/decarbonization-strategy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">passed legislation to be \u201cParis compliant\u201d<\/a> and get to net-negative emissions, meaning it will sequester more emissions than it emits.<\/p>\n<p>California continues to report <a href=\"https:\/\/ww2.arb.ca.gov\/news\/california-greenhouse-gas-emissions-decline-across-most-sectors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">falling emissions even with a growing economy<\/a>. The state <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/sanfrancisco\/news\/california-lawsuit-claims-big-oil-deceived-public-climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sued several large oil and gas companies<\/a> for deceiving the public about climate change.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, a U.S. retreat from the Paris Agreement would not be an embargo on individual actions. Engineers and scientists will continue to create innovative technology to reduce emissions and slow climate change, and corporations will reap the economic benefits of energy efficiency and clean energy market leadership.<\/p>\n<p>This acknowledgment has given rise to <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/episode\/1pvSP3RJrJEw6yhSOgeJbe?si=85a84db6a28f4b66+%5D&amp;nd=1&amp;dlsi=9c13030d08284203\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">calls for a blend of optimism<\/a> and pragmatism.<\/p>\n<h2>Looking ahead to 2025<\/h2>\n<p>Next year\u2019s COP30, to be held in Brazil, is important because countries face a deadline for setting new targets. Overall, their <a href=\"https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/documents\/1220\/CAT_2024-06-10_Briefing_GuideToGoodNDCs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">current policies still fall short<\/a> of the 1.5 C goal.<\/p>\n<p>Calls for greater commitments are not just optimistic, they are economically and morally compelling.<\/p>\n<p>For one, the future <a href=\"https:\/\/sdg.iisd.org\/news\/climate-inaction-is-more-expensive-than-climate-action-wmo-report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cost of inaction now is greater than the cost of action<\/a>, so concerted decisions to delay emissions cuts now will only harm countries in the future.<\/p>\n<p>Morally, the international community has a responsibility to mitigate suffering. This is the very nature of long-held international norms and laws, such as the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/chronicle\/article\/responsibility-protect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">responsibility to protect<\/a>,\u201d and reiterated in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/content\/dam\/francesco\/pdf\/encyclicals\/documents\/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si_en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pope Francis\u2019 calls for global environmental responsibility<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>While the climate will breach the 1.5 C warming limit, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/sanfrancisco\/news\/california-lawsuit-claims-big-oil-deceived-public-climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">every fraction of a degree matters<\/a>. I believe it is crucial that countries, states, business leaders and people everywhere continue the shift toward cleaner energy to minimize the impact.<\/p>\n<p><em>Researchers Emerson Damiano and Lauren Segal, students in environmental studies at the University of Southern California, contributed to this article.<\/em><!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/243006\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/shannon-gibson-1388776\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shannon Gibson<\/a>, Associate Professor of <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/poir\/\">International Relations<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/environmental-studies\/\">Environmental Studies<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/usc-dornsife-college-of-letters-arts-and-sciences-2669\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/un-climate-negotiations-end-on-shaky-geopolitical-ground-but-i-see-reasons-for-hope-243006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Related Article\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/how-climate-finance-to-help-poor-countries-became-a-global-shell-game-donors-have-counted-fossil-fuel-projects-airports-and-even-ice-cream-shops\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >How climate finance to help poor countries became a global shell game<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/two-iconic-coral-species-are-now-functionally-extinct-off-florida-study-finds\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >2 iconic coral species are now functionally extinct off Florida, study finds \u2013 we witnessed the reef\u2019s bleaching and\u00a0devastation<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/trumps-words-arent-stopping-many-countries-from-setting-higher-climate-goals\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Trump\u2019s words aren\u2019t stopping China, Brazil and many other countries from setting higher climate goals, but progress is\u00a0slow<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>National leaders may be struggling to agree, but businesses see the economic benefits of clean energy, states are cutting emissions, and people everywhere are more cognizant of their actions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":22322,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[66,87,83],"class_list":["post-22321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sustainability","tag-climate-change","tag-expert-viewpoint","tag-the-conversation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>UN climate negotiations end on 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