{"id":20977,"date":"2024-08-07T09:52:49","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T16:52:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/?p=20977"},"modified":"2024-08-07T16:32:23","modified_gmt":"2024-08-07T23:32:23","slug":"large-daily-temperature-swings-can-harm-human-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/large-daily-temperature-swings-can-harm-human-health\/","title":{"rendered":"Heat risk isn\u2019t just about the highs: Large daily temperature swings can harm human health \u2013 maps show who is affected most"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                          \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/HeatRisks_Conversation_Top-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/HeatRisks_Conversation_Top-1920x1080.jpg 1920w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/HeatRisks_Conversation_Top-1280x720.jpg 1280w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/HeatRisks_Conversation_Top-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"Sunset over a city skyline with palm trees in the foreground, silhouetted against a bright orange sky.\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Low-income neighborhoods with lots of concrete and few trees can heat up faster than surrounding areas. (Photo: iStock.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=sustainability\">Sustainability<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>Heat risk isn\u2019t just about the highs: Large daily temperature swings can harm human health \u2013 maps show who is affected most<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Mapping daily temperature variations across the U.S. revealed stark differences between wealthy and poor neighborhoods, and large differences by race.\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Shengjie Liu and Emily Smith-Greenaway<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">August 7, 2024<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m7.43475275 9.52380952-2.17490843 2.26076008c-1.08745421 1.058837-1.68841575 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xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m8.14285714 9.42857143c-.17142857 0-.34285714 0-.51428571.08571428l7.28571427 6.34285719c.3428572.2571428.6857143.2571428.9428572 0l7.2857142-6.34285719c-.0857142-.08571428-.2571428-.08571428-.4285714-.08571428zm-1.28571428 1.11428567v.1714286 8.5714286c0 .6857143.6 1.2857143 1.28571428 1.2857143h14.57142856c.6857143 0 1.2857143-.6 1.2857143-1.2857143v-8.5714286c0-.0857143 0-.0857143 0-.1714286l-7.2 6.3428572c-.7714286.6857143-1.8857143.6857143-2.6571429 0z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(-6 -9)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Email<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                  <\/span>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n \n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>This summer has shown how quickly high temperatures can pose serious health risks, with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/14\/health\/unraveling-the-relationship-between-climate-change-and-health.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">record-breaking heat waves<\/a> claiming thousands of lives around the world.<\/p>\n<p>However, it\u2019s not just <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62114-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high and low temperatures<\/a> that matter. How many degrees the temperature swings within a day \u2014 the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.weather.gov\/images\/ama\/climate\/50Ranges\/MarchRanges.JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">daily temperature variation<\/a> \u2014 itself poses health risks.<\/p>\n<p>Studies have found that days with larger than normal temperature swings can increase <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2014.01.007\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">asthma flare-ups<\/a> and hospitalizations for <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.116613\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">respiratory<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2019-106245\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cardiovascular diseases<\/a>, leading to an <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2017.10.018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">overall higher death rate<\/a> than normal. One study, based on data from 308 cities from 1972 to 2013, estimates that <a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2017.10.018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.5% of deaths<\/a> in that time could be attributed to large daily temperature swings.<\/p>\n<p>Although humans can live in a wide range of ambient temperatures, a dramatic shift in temperature can tax multiple systems in the body, including the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/discim\/kyae001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immune<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mpaic.2008.04.009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">musculoskeletal<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-016-1221-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cardiovascular systems<\/a>. It can be especially <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cupe.2003.11.012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">taxing on very young<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000333148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">older individuals<\/a>, who are generally more vulnerable to harsh climates.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20980\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20980\" style=\"width: 980px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20980\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/HeatRisks_Conversation_InStoryA.jpg\" alt=\"A large shelter with rows of cots, people resting and sitting, and personal belongings scattered around.\" width=\"980\" height=\"551\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/HeatRisks_Conversation_InStoryA.jpg 980w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/HeatRisks_Conversation_InStoryA-500x281.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/HeatRisks_Conversation_InStoryA-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20980\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A cooling center provides a cool space for people in Oregon to escape the heat. (Photo: MultCo Communications\/Flickr.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>We <a href=\"https:\/\/skrisliu.com\/dtvus\/map.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mapped daily temperature variations<\/a> at the neighborhood scale across the U.S. to get a better picture of where these temperature swings are highest and who is most affected. The results highlight how poverty and a legacy of discriminatory practices have left racial minorities and low-income residents in neighborhoods with more dramatic temperature differences through the day.<\/p>\n<h2>What affects temperature swings?<\/h2>\n<p>Large night-to-day temperature swings are more common in some regions, such as the U.S. Southwest, but they can also vary over short distances depending on the landscape and what\u2019s known as the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/landsat-zooms-in-on-cities-hottest-neighborhoods-to-help-combat-the-urban-heat-island-effect-182925\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">urban heat island effect<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>For example, the ocean can mitigate rapid temperature changes since water can absorb a lot of heat before it gets hot. The Greater <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101526\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles<\/a> area is a case in point. Santa Monica, a coastal community in Los Angeles County, has much smaller temperature swings then more inland neighborhoods in the county, like downtown Los Angeles.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 1920px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/467655\/original\/file-20220608-14-440sdy.png\" alt=\"Two maps of New York City show how vegetation matches cooler areas by temperature.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"942\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comparing maps of New York City\u2019s tree cover and temperature differences shows the cooling effect of parks and neighborhoods with more trees. (Image: NASA\/USGS Landsat.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Green space, like forested parks, can also reduce temperature swings. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-89972-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban trees<\/a> and vegetation can keep neighborhoods cooler, reducing the temperature volatility.<\/p>\n<h2>Who faces the greatest temperature swings?<\/h2>\n<p>Using NASA\u2019s satellite data between 2000 and 2017, we cross-checked the daily temperature variation with the U.S. Census Bureau\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/acs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Community Survey<\/a> demographic data at different census tracts to see <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgae176\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">how race and ethnicity, income, and age affected exposure<\/a> to daily temperature variations across all 50 states.<\/p>\n<p>We found that, of the three demographic factors, exposure to daily temperature variation is the most unequal by race and ethnicity, followed by income. Age mattered the least.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 1920px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/611158\/original\/file-20240802-19-i5de80.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/611158\/original\/file-20240802-19-i5de80.jpg\" alt=\"A US map with area maps for each state comparing average daily temperature variation by race, using white vs. non-white groups\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1396\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Differences by race: Maps of the average daily temperature variation in each state by race. The darker the yellow square, the wider the inequality. In each state\u2019s chart, the blue area reflects white populations, and red reflects nonwhite populations. (Image: Shengjie Liu, <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-ND<\/a>.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In the state with the greatest disparity, Rhode Island, Hispanic and Black populations experienced, on average, daily temperature swings of 31.2 degrees Fahrenheit (17.3 degrees Celsius) in May, while the average daily temperature variation for white populations was 25.8 F (14.3 C). That\u2019s a 5.4 F (3 C) difference between the groups.<\/p>\n<p>The contrast between low-income and high-income groups in Rhode Island was 28.6 F (15.9 C) compared with 24.5 F (13.6 C), a 4.1 F (2.3 C) difference. The difference was negligible among age groups, at 1.8 F (1 C).<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 1920px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/611159\/original\/file-20240802-19-olcx75.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/611159\/original\/file-20240802-19-olcx75.jpg\" alt=\"A US map with area maps for each state comparing average daily temperature variation by income level.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1396\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Differences by income: Maps of the average daily temperature variation in each state by income. The darker the yellow square, the wider the inequality. In each state\u2019s chart, the blue area reflects high-income populations, and red reflects low-income populations. (Image: Shengjie Liu, <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-ND<\/a>.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Among the 50 states, we saw significant differences by race and ethnicity in 46 states, by income in 39 states, and by age in 15 states. In general, <a href=\"https:\/\/skrisliu.com\/dtvus\/map.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">daily temperature swings were highest<\/a> in western states, particularly in late spring and summer.<\/p>\n<p>The fact that minority populations are disproportionately living in neighborhoods with wider temperature swings confirms yet another dimension of inequality in vulnerability to climate change.<\/p>\n<h2>Temperature swings widen with climate change<\/h2>\n<p>There is also evidence that temperature swings will get more dramatic over time. From the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2004GL019998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1950s to the 1980s<\/a>, records show shrinking temperature swings globally. Since the 1990s, however, research shows temperature swings have widened, potentially <a href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2024-02-temperature-difference-day-night-affect.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">affecting all life on Earth<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 1920px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/610984\/original\/file-20240801-17-v7p6fc.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of an interactive map showing a chart with different average temperature variations by race and ethnicity in each state.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1056\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An interactive map available at the following link shows the average daily temperature swings for each state by race and ethnicity (Image: <a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/skrisliu.com\/dtvus\/map.html\">skrisliu.com\/dtvus\/map.html<\/a>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY<\/a>.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Studies suggest these temperature swings will <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30222-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">continue to widen<\/a> as greenhouse gas emissions, largely from burning fossil fuels, continue to raise global temperatures. And with those increases will come more premature deaths. Under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u2019s highest emissions scenario (RCP 8.5), which projects conditions in a world that burns increasingly large amounts of fossil fuels, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30222-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">future temperature swings<\/a> are projected to increase by as much as 2.9 F (1.6 C) by the end of the century.<\/p>\n<p>There are ways to reduce the risk, starting with cutting greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles, power plants, livestock and other sources.<\/p>\n<p>Communities can also take steps to reduce low-income and minority neighborhoods\u2019 exposure to temperature swings by increasing tree cover and using <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/lighter-pavement-really-does-cool-cities-when-its-done-right-162918\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">light coatings on roofs<\/a> to reflect heat away from buildings. They can also provide support programs to help people who can\u2019t otherwise afford to install or power cooling or heating equipment.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/235085\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/shengjie-liu-1549286\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shengjie Liu<\/a>, Ph.D. Candidate in <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/spatial\/\">Spatial Sciences<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/usc-dornsife-college-of-letters-arts-and-sciences-2669\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/emily-smith-greenaway-166538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emily Smith-Greenaway<\/a>, Associate Professor of <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/soci\/\">Sociology<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/usc-dornsife-college-of-letters-arts-and-sciences-2669\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/heat-risk-isnt-just-about-the-highs-large-daily-temperature-swings-can-harm-human-health-maps-show-who-is-affected-most-235085\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/how-climate-finance-to-help-poor-countries-became-a-global-shell-game-donors-have-counted-fossil-fuel-projects-airports-and-even-ice-cream-shops\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >How climate finance to help poor countries became a global shell game<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/two-iconic-coral-species-are-now-functionally-extinct-off-florida-study-finds\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >2 iconic coral species are now functionally extinct off Florida, study finds \u2013 we witnessed the reef\u2019s bleaching and\u00a0devastation<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/trumps-words-arent-stopping-many-countries-from-setting-higher-climate-goals\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Trump\u2019s words aren\u2019t stopping China, Brazil and many other countries from setting higher climate goals, but progress is\u00a0slow<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mapping daily temperature variations across the US revealed stark differences between wealthy and poor neighborhoods, and large differences by race.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":20979,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,15],"tags":[66,87,83],"class_list":["post-20977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-impact","category-sustainability","tag-climate-change","tag-expert-viewpoint","tag-the-conversation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Heat risk isn\u2019t just about the highs: Large daily temperature swings can harm human health \u2013 maps show who is 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