{"id":20523,"date":"2024-06-18T12:39:46","date_gmt":"2024-06-18T19:39:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/?p=20523"},"modified":"2024-06-18T12:39:47","modified_gmt":"2024-06-18T19:39:47","slug":"malcolm-klein-obituary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/malcolm-klein-obituary\/","title":{"rendered":"Malcolm \u201cMac\u201d Klein advanced understanding of gangs, both in LA and globally"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/06\/klein_obit_top-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/06\/klein_obit_top-1920x1080.jpg 1920w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/06\/klein_obit_top-1280x720.jpg 1280w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/06\/klein_obit_top-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"A photo of Malcolm Klein\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Malcolm \u201cMac\u201d Klein was a sociology professor with USC Dornsife for 30 years, where he founded a research center devoted to the study of juvenile criminality and gangs. (Photo: Courtesy of Margaret Gatz.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=faculty\">Faculty<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>Malcolm \u201cMac\u201d Klein advanced understanding of gangs, both in LA and globally<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  With work spanning many decades and encompassing 18 books on gang dynamics, intervention and prevention as well as juvenile delinquency, Klein was honored recently by the Eurogang Research Project, an international group he formed.\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Margaret Crable<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">June 18, 2024<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m7.43475275 9.52380952-2.17490843 2.26076008c-1.08745421 1.058837-1.68841575 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xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m8.14285714 9.42857143c-.17142857 0-.34285714 0-.51428571.08571428l7.28571427 6.34285719c.3428572.2571428.6857143.2571428.9428572 0l7.2857142-6.34285719c-.0857142-.08571428-.2571428-.08571428-.4285714-.08571428zm-1.28571428 1.11428567v.1714286 8.5714286c0 .6857143.6 1.2857143 1.28571428 1.2857143h14.57142856c.6857143 0 1.2857143-.6 1.2857143-1.2857143v-8.5714286c0-.0857143 0-.0857143 0-.1714286l-7.2 6.3428572c-.7714286.6857143-1.8857143.6857143-2.6571429 0z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(-6 -9)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Email<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                  <\/span>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n \n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Malcolm \u201cMac\u201d Klein\u2019s accomplished career researching gangs and juvenile crime started out with a memorable scuffle.<\/p>\n<p>In 1962, Klein was on the verge of leaving Los Angeles to accept a teaching position at the University of California, Berkeley when he was invited to take over a research project at the Youth Study Center at the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences. He\u2019d be tasked with analyzing the effectiveness of efforts to reduce youth gang participation.<\/p>\n<p>Klein had no real background in gang research and was hesitant to accept the assignment. He agreed to tag along to observe a meeting of rival groups. It was a less than ideal introduction to the job: At the end of the gathering, a fight erupted. Klein dove out the door to safety.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the danger, his interest was piqued. \u201cRight smack in front me of me that night was everything I\u2019d studied as a graduate student: attitudes, perceptions, communication, group dynamics,\u201d he said in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.criminologystories.com\/malcolmwklein\" target=\"_blank\">a 2017 interview<\/a> with his former graduate student Cheryl Maxson, Professor Emerita of Criminology, Law and Society at the University of California, Irvine. He took the assignment.<\/p>\n<p>The decision was a fortuitous one, leading to decades of research, 18 books and the formation of the Eurogang Research Project, a pioneering, collaborative group of American and European criminologists. The Eurogang Research Project held a special session this month in honor of Klein, Professor Emeritus of Sociology at USC Dornsife, who died in August 2023 at the age of 92.<\/p>\n<h2>Persistence over resistance <\/h2>\n<p>Klein grew up in Scarsdale, New York, where his mother worked in social welfare agencies and his father was a professor of social work at Columbia University. From an early age, Klein knew that he too wanted to join academia. \u201cI never considered any other career,\u201d he said in the 2017 interview.<\/p>\n<p>He enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon, for his undergraduate degree, where he was initially considering majoring in English. After attending an intriguing lecture on the Rorschach test, which uses ink blots to analyze a patient\u2019s personality, he switched his major to psychology.<\/p>\n<p>He completed a master\u2019s degree in 1954 and a PhD in 1961 at Boston University, both in social psychology. While there, he found himself socializing in a circle of eminent psychologists, including Edwin Boring, one of the first historians of psychology. (Klein recounted that when they were introduced, Boring stuck out his hand and said, \u201cHello, I\u2019m Boring,\u201d leaving Klein unsure how to respond.)<\/p>\n<p>In 1961, Klein returned to the West Coast when he took a job as a research associate at the John Tracy Center in Los Angeles, devoted to the study and care of deafness in children. He moved to USC Dornsife in 1962 after accepting the position at the Youth Study Center.<\/p>\n<p>It was a bit of a bumpy start. On the last day of an early research project, which showed great promise in deterring gang participation, Klein was seated in a church basement observing former gang members peacefully playing the piano and pick-up basketball. Suddenly, a man ran down the stairs to inform them a rival gang had arrived and challenged them to a fight. Everyone sprinted outside to brawl, undoing months of work.<\/p>\n<p>Klein rushed home to write, \u201cI\u2019ve had it with gangs,\u201d a statement which became the opening sentence of his first book, <a href=\"https:\/\/ojp.gov\/ncjrs\/virtual-library\/abstracts\/street-gangs-and-street-workers\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Street Gangs and Gang Workers<\/em><\/a> (Prentice-Hall, 1971). The experience led him to quit research on the subject for about 10 years, before he returned in 1980.<\/p>\n<p>The incident was a good example of how challenging it is to reduce gang activity. Many of the widely used methods are largely ineffectual, findings Klein would uncover in his research.<\/p>\n<p>Popular efforts to reduce gang participation were good-hearted but often misguided, as Klein <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/usc-sociologist-attacks-street-gang-stereotypes\/?sra=true\" target=\"_blank\">expressed to <em>The Chronicle of Higher Education<\/em><\/a> in 1995. His work found that providing social and athletics opportunities to juvenile offenders helped them bond, which only increased the cohesiveness of gangs.<\/p>\n<p>Law enforcement strategies like releasing top 10 lists of most wanted gangsters or devoting special units to them merely fulfilled a group\u2019s desire for recognition and renown, said Klein. \u201cGangs are by-products of their communities: They cannot be controlled by attacks on symptoms alone; community structure and capacity must also be targeted,\u201d\u00a0he wrote.<\/p>\n<h2>Taking the work global<\/h2>\n<p>In 1968, Klein joined USC Dornsife\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/soci\/\">Department of Sociology<\/a>, becoming a full professor in 1972. From 1971 to 1984, he served as department chair.<\/p>\n<p>He founded the USC Social Science Research Institute (SSRI) in 1972, which turned USC into a top center for the study of juvenile crime and delinquency. SSRI often released recommendations around issues like gang prevention and intervention, many of which were used by government agencies like the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMy college advisor encouraged me to attend USC to work with Mac on my PhD, advising that he was \u2018funny, smart and had a strong sense of integrity,\u2019\u201d says Maxson. \u201cHe was a kind and supportive mentor, strongly committed to furthering science and evidence-based practice, and an all-around good guy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Klein retired from USC in 1998, but his output didn\u2019t slow down. That same year he formed the <a href=\"https:\/\/eurogangproject.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Eurogang Research Project, <\/a>which brought European and American researchers together for collaboration. Since its formation, the group has developed a consensus definition of street gangs and produced six volumes of research on gangs around the world.<\/p>\n<p>Klein authored numerous books, including <a href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/the-american-street-gang-9780195115734\" target=\"_blank\"><em>The American Street Gang<\/em><\/a> (Oxford University Press, 1997), which analyzed the overlap between street and drug gangs, and <em>Gang Cop<\/em> (Alta Mira Press, 2004), a composite of observations from Klein\u2019s many years working alongside law enforcement.<\/p>\n<p>He received many awards, including the Marvin Wolfgang Award for Distinguished Achievement in Criminology, one of the field\u2019s highest honors, and the USC Faculty Lifetime Achievement Award.<\/p>\n<p>He is survived by his wife, USC Dornsife Professor of Psychology <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/profile\/margaret-gatz\/\">Margaret Gatz<\/a>, his daughter Laurie, and three grandsons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Related Articles\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/high-school-yearbooks-focus-on-student-fun-but-obscure-pain\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >High school yearbooks focus on the fun students had, obscuring the pain people also\u00a0experienced<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a 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delinquency.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":20524,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[125,1917,90],"class_list":["post-20523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faculty","tag-obituary","tag-soci","tag-sociology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Malcolm \u201cMac\u201d Klein advanced understanding of gangs, both in LA and globally<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Klein\u2019s work spanned many decades and encompassed 18 books on gang dynamics, intervention and prevention as well as juvenile delinquency\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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