{"id":1868,"date":"2021-03-19T12:35:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-19T19:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/"},"modified":"2024-05-20T17:57:19","modified_gmt":"2024-05-21T00:57:19","slug":"the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/","title":{"rendered":"The pandemic echoes a history of disruption for Black families, stretching back to slavery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n            \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3429-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3429-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"The pandemic echoes a history of disruption for Black families, stretching back to slavery\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Black men are experiencing a drop in life expectancy not seen since World War II, leaving widowed women and fatherless children behind. (Image Source: iStock.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=faculty\">Faculty<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>The pandemic echoes a history of disruption for Black families, stretching back to slavery<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Black men are dying in disproportionate numbers from COVID-19, often leaving grieving spouses and children behind. USC Dornsife experts discuss how this tragedy connects to a long history of disruption of the Black family in America, from slavery to incarceration. <strong>[6\u00bc min read]<\/strong>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Margaret Crable<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">March 19, 2021<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m7.43475275 9.52380952-2.17490843 2.26076008c-1.08745421 1.058837-1.68841575 2.518315-1.68841575 4.0350275 0 1.5167124.60096154 2.9475732 1.68841575 4.0350274 1.058837 1.0874543 2.51831502 1.6884158 4.03502747 1.6884158 1.44087681 0 2.80427251-.5423678 3.86936601-1.5289606l.1656615-.1594552 2.2321428-2.2321428-1.6311813-1.6311813-2.2321429 2.26076c-.6581959.658196-1.5167124 1.0016026-2.43246332 1.0016026s-1.7742674-.3434066-2.43246337-1.0016026c-.65819597-.6581959-1.00160257-1.5167124-1.00160257-2.4324633 0-.8547009.2991453-1.6595442.87416905-2.2981957l.12743352-.1342677 2.23214286-2.2321429zm6.88661855-.40736607-5.26116068 5.26116075 1.61881868 1.6188186 5.2611607-5.2611607zm1.3837569-5.54501488c-1.4408768 0-2.8042725.54236779-3.869366 1.52896062l-.1656615.15945513-2.23214282 2.23214286 1.63118132 1.63118132 2.2321429-2.23214286c.6581959-.65819597 1.5167124-1.00160256 2.4324633-1.00160256s1.7742674.34340659 2.4324634 1.00160256 1.0016026 1.51671246 1.0016026 2.43246337c0 .85470089-.2991453 1.65954419-.8741691 2.29819559l-.1274335.1342678-2.2321429 2.2321428 1.5739469 1.5739469 2.2321429-2.2321428c1.0874542-1.058837 1.6884157-2.5183151 1.6884157-4.03502751 0-1.51671245-.6009615-2.94757326-1.6884157-4.03502747-1.058837-1.08745421-2.518315-1.68841575-4.0350275-1.68841575z\" transform=\"translate(-3 -3)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Copy Link<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                                <a class=\"a2a_button_facebook\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#facebook\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Facebook\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_facebook\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m23.9512 6h-16.9024c-.57923625 0-1.0488.46956375-1.0488 1.0488v16.9024c0 .5792362.46956375 1.0488 1.0488 1.0488h9.10024v-7.34768h-2.46772v-2.87584h2.46772v-2.11508c0-2.45404 1.49872-3.79012 3.68828-3.79012.7389668-.00263323 1.4775241.03516995 2.21236.11324v2.56348h-1.51392c-1.18788 0-1.4174.56544-1.4174 1.39612v1.8316h2.84772l-.37088 2.87584h-2.47684v7.34844h4.83284c.5792362 0 1.0488-.4695638 1.0488-1.0488v-16.9024c0-.57923625-.4695638-1.0488-1.0488-1.0488z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(-6 -6)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Facebook<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                                <a class=\"a2a_button_twitter\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#twitter\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"X\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_twitter\">\n              <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\"\n\t y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 30 30\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 30 30\" xml:space=\"preserve\" width=\"19\" height=\"19\">\n<path fill=\"#000\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M14.5,16.2l-0.8-1.1l-6.3-9h2.7l5.1,7.3l0.8,1.1\n\tl6.6,9.4h-2.7L14.5,16.2L14.5,16.2z M16.9,13.4l7.4-8.7h-1.8l-6.5,7.5L11,4.8H5l7.8,11.4L5,25.2h1.8l6.8-7.9l5.5,7.9h6L16.9,13.4\n\tL16.9,13.4z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">X<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                                <a class=\"a2a_button_linkedin\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#linkedin\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Linkedin\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_linkedin\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m25 21.4220779c0 1.974026-1.6038961 3.5779221-3.5779221 3.5779221h-11.84415582c-1.97402598 0-3.57792208-1.6038961-3.57792208-3.5779221v-11.84415582c0-1.97402598 1.6038961-3.57792208 3.57792208-3.57792208h11.84415582c1.974026 0 3.5779221 1.6038961 3.5779221 3.57792208zm-14.5584416-12.21428569c-.98701295 0-1.60389606.61688311-1.60389606 1.48051949-.12337663.8636364.49350649 1.4805195 1.48051946 1.4805195.987013 0 1.6038961-.6168831 1.6038961-1.4805195 0-.86363638-.6168831-1.48051949-1.4805195-1.48051949zm1.3571429 12.70779219v-8.6363636h-2.83766234v8.6363636zm10.2402597 0v-4.9350649c0-2.5909091-1.3571428-3.8246753-3.3311688-3.8246753-1.4805195 0-2.0974026.8636363-2.4675325 1.4805194v-1.2337662h-2.8376623v8.6363636h2.8376623v-4.9350649c0-.2467532 0-.4935065.1233767-.7402597.1233766-.4935065.6168831-.987013 1.4805194-.987013.987013 0 1.4805195.7402597 1.4805195 1.974026v4.564935z\" transform=\"translate(-6 -6)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">LinkedIn<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                                <a class=\"a2a_button_bluesky\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#bluesky\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Bluesky\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_bluesky\">\n              <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"50px\" height=\"50px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                <path fill=\"#00000\" d=\"M12 10.8c-1.087-2.114-4.046-6.053-6.798-7.995C2.566.944 1.561 1.266.902 1.565C.139 1.908 0 3.08 0 3.768c0 .69.378 5.65.624 6.479c.815 2.736 3.713 3.66 6.383 3.364c.136-.02.275-.039.415-.056c-.138.022-.276.04-.415.056c-3.912.58-7.387 2.005-2.83 7.078c5.013 5.19 6.87-1.113 7.823-4.308c.953 3.195 2.05 9.271 7.733 4.308c4.267-4.308 1.172-6.498-2.74-7.078a8.741 8.741 0 0 1-.415-.056c.14.017.279.036.415.056c2.67.297 5.568-.628 6.383-3.364c.246-.828.624-5.79.624-6.478c0-.69-.139-1.861-.902-2.206c-.659-.298-1.664-.62-4.3 1.24C16.046 4.748 13.087 8.687 12 10.8\"  fill-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n              <\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Bluesky<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                                <a class=\"a2a_button_email\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#email\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"E-mail\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_print\">\n              <svg height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 12\" width=\"18\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m8.14285714 9.42857143c-.17142857 0-.34285714 0-.51428571.08571428l7.28571427 6.34285719c.3428572.2571428.6857143.2571428.9428572 0l7.2857142-6.34285719c-.0857142-.08571428-.2571428-.08571428-.4285714-.08571428zm-1.28571428 1.11428567v.1714286 8.5714286c0 .6857143.6 1.2857143 1.28571428 1.2857143h14.57142856c.6857143 0 1.2857143-.6 1.2857143-1.2857143v-8.5714286c0-.0857143 0-.0857143 0-.1714286l-7.2 6.3428572c-.7714286.6857143-1.8857143.6857143-2.6571429 0z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(-6 -9)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Email<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                  <\/span>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n \n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, the disease has killed approximately 1 of every 1,000 Black Americans \u2014 about twice the rate of death among white Americans killed by the disease.<\/p>\n<p>Black men have been especially affected. Early research shows that COVID-19 kills men at\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/up-front\/2020\/05\/15\/covid-19-much-more-fatal-for-men-especially-taking-age-into-account\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nearly twice the rate of women<\/a>, earning it a reputation as a \u201cglobal mankiller.\u201d Communities across America are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/how-covid-19-hollowed-out-a-generation-of-young-black-men\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting a devastating number<\/a> of Black men struck down by the disease, men who played important roles as husbands, fathers, community leaders and parental caretakers.<\/p>\n<p>Facebook groups for Black widows have seen\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbs8.com\/article\/news\/health\/coronavirus\/facebook-group-for-widows-sees-growing-membership-amid-covid19\/509-2179f890-1251-4221-8eec-0c305d28573f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an influx of new members<\/a>\u00a0since the start of the pandemic. In addition to grappling with grief, widows are shouldering increased responsibilities. They\u2019re now parenting children as single mothers, assuming the role of sole breadwinner and assisting elderly relatives without male support.<\/p>\n<p>Even for those whose partner did not succumb to the disease, many Black women face years of caring for a family member who might suffer from the long-term complications. Such disruption, and the increased burden on Black women, connects to a long history of separation and disruption within the Black American family.<\/p>\n<h2>From plow to prison<\/h2>\n<figure style=\"width: 315px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/migration-uploads\/BlackWidowhood_InStory_Alaina-3429.jpg\" alt=\"Black woman wearing gray suit coat faces camera. \" width=\"315\" height=\"490\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alaina Morgan (Photo: Courtesy Alaina Morgan.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>During nearly 250 years of slavery in the United States, enslaved persons were frequently torn from their family members. Women were separated from their children on the auction block. Men and women could be sold from one plantation to another.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe entire structure of slavery supported the\u00a0separation\u00a0and the ongoing fragility of the Black family,\u201d says\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/cf\/hist\/people\/faculty_display.cfm?Person_ID=1085644\">Alaina Morgan<\/a>, assistant professor of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsifelive.usc.edu\/hist\/\">history<\/a>\u00a0at the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences. After slavery ended, plantation-owners turned to \u201cconvict-leasing\u201d to fill the gap in cheap labor. Black Codes, laws that severely restricted the rights of Black Americans, made it easy for the state to imprison them for petty offenses and then lease prisoners to plantation owners for a fee.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAfter\u00a0slavery, you see Black men and women taken away from their families, oftentimes for really minor, nonviolent crimes. It could be something as simple as not having a work pass,\u201d says Morgan.<\/p>\n<p>Although convict-leasing has been mostly phased out, prison labor is still alive and well, with everything from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2014\/06\/02\/prison-labor-artisanal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">artisanal goat cheese<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/corpaccountabilitylab.org\/calblog\/2020\/8\/5\/private-companies-producing-with-us-prison-labor-in-2020-prison-labor-in-the-us-part-ii\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">party balloons<\/a>\u00a0produced by incarcerated people. Black Americans, especially Black men,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/crime-law\/2019\/12\/04\/states-imprison-black-people-five-times-rate-whites-sign-narrowing-yet-still-wide-gap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">continue to be imprisoned at much higher rates<\/a>\u00a0than other Americans and serve\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/repository.law.umich.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2413&amp;context=articles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">longer sentences<\/a>\u00a0than white Americans.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/mass-incarceration-and-childrens-outcomes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A 2016 study<\/a>\u00a0found that 1 in 4 Black children have a parent that is or has been incarcerated, which increases their likelihood of dropping out of school, developing learning disabilities and exhibiting disruptive behavior in class.<\/p>\n<p>When a family member is jailed, women are frequently the one to provide financial support to the incarcerated,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanprogress.org\/issues\/race\/reports\/2018\/06\/05\/451647\/mass-incarceration-stress-black-infant-mortality\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paying on average<\/a>\u00a0some $13,000 in fines and fees to the court system. This makes paying regular bills, rent and childcare expenses nearly impossible for women supporting a family on their own.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Plague times<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Now, disease is ravaging the Black family. Black men are experiencing a drop in life expectancy not seen since\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/health\/covid-19-has-already-cut-u-s-life-expectancy-by-a-year-for-black-americans-its-worse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">World War II<\/a>. A complex layering of risk factors, exacerbated by institutionalized inequality, seem the likely cause.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/migration-uploads\/April_Thames-450x700-3429.jpg\" alt=\"Close-up photo of a woman with long hair wearing a white shirt. \" width=\"310\" height=\"482\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">April Thames (Photo: Courtesy April Thames.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Black men are often employed as essential workers in factories, retail stores and public transit, exposing them to the virus. Many live in multi-generational housing where physical distancing can be difficult. They have\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicago.suntimes.com\/2021\/2\/15\/22280292\/covid-19-obesity-coronavirus-diabetes-lent-heart-disease-trinity-united-church-christ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high rates of obesity<\/a>, diabetes and heart disease that worsen COVID-19. Then, there\u2019s the pent-up toll on the body from facing daily racism.<\/p>\n<p>Research by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/labs\/snihp\/april-thames-bio\/\">April Thames<\/a>, associate professor of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/psyc\/\">psychology<\/a>\u00a0and director of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/labs\/snihp\/\">the Social Neuroscience in Health Psychology Lab<\/a>, found that racist experiences are associated with genes that<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/3021\/racism-linked-to-chronic-inflammation-disease-risk\/\">\u00a0increase inflammation in the body<\/a>, making people more susceptible to illness.<\/p>\n<p>Incarceration and COVID-19 have also collided, says Morgan, to devastating effect. In mid-August, correctional facilities accounted for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2020\/08\/20\/covid19-prisons-race-ethnicity-data\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the top 10<\/a>\u00a0outbreak cluster sites for COVID-19.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe already have a crisis in which Black men [are sent to prison] and removed from Black communities, causing a host of developmental issues and depriving Black communities of income. Now we have an epidemiological crisis where Black men are dying and leaving women alone forever because they\u2019re never coming back from prison,\u201d says Morgan.<\/p>\n<p>A woman whose partner survived a bout of COVID-19 may still find herself with extra duties if the partner suffers long-term damage such as respiratory and heart issues. Some effects may be mental, adding another challenge to caregiving.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cColleagues of mine have noticed that people who have pre-existing mental health conditions, like post-traumatic stress disorder, which we know is very prominent in the Black community, coupled with COVID-19 have worse mental health outcomes,\u201d says Thames.<\/p>\n<h2>This woman\u2019s work<\/h2>\n<p>With these deaths, Black women must once again step up to the plate, acting as single mothers and sole income-earners, and filling in gaps in the community left behind by the dead. Some of this female leadership is routine for the Black community, says Morgan, and part of a long tradition of matriarchal culture.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 315px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/migration-uploads\/BlackWidowhood_InStory_Donna-3429.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of black woman, wearing colorful necklaces, smiling at camera.\" width=\"315\" height=\"490\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donna Benton (Photo: Courtesy Donna Benton.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cThe vast majority of enslaved persons were transported from\u00a0West\u00a0and\u00a0West\u00a0Central Africa, where there are quite a few matrilineal societies where property and kinship were passed through women,\u201d says Morgan. \u201cWe see women in positions of leadership, including acting as rulers and advisors in the region.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>However, positioning Black women as especially strong can be a troublesome stereotype with origins in slaveholding.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBlack women were working and doing hard labor in the fields while pregnant or immediately after having babies. This was seen as both a lack of care for their children and also a superhuman ability that justifies continuing to abuse Black women,\u201d says Morgan. This dynamic is still present today in perceptions of Black women as less devoted mothers, she adds.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhile the ability to be resilient is a strength of Black women, it also sometimes leads to delayed handling of trauma and coping with losses,\u201d says\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/gero.usc.edu\/faculty\/donna-benton-ph-d\/\">Donna Benton<\/a>,\u00a0research associate professor of gerontology and director of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fcsc.usc.edu\/pilotIntegration\/indexPersistent.html?uri=%2F\">USC Family Caregiver Support Center<\/a>\u00a0at the USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and a member of the\u00a0<a href=\"\/labs\/usc-ccf\/\">USC Center for the Changing Family<\/a>, headquartered at USC Dornsife.<\/p>\n<h2>Justice and healing for all<\/h2>\n<p>Local and federal governments should play a role in assisting the women who will be coping with widowhood and caregiving in the coming years, says Benton. Providing funds for funeral costs, arranging paid leave for bereavement and allowing the time a person acts as a caregiver to serve as credit for social security working hours could help ease the financial burden for Black women.<\/p>\n<p>Thames believes that extending access to health care, especially telehealth, is necessary to prevent deaths in the Black family. In June, Thames\u2019 father died of a heart attack in rural Mississippi, unable to find care. Many hospitals in small-town America have closed in recent decades, leaving those that remained overwhelmed and understaffed, especially during the pandemic.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf you have a lot of resources you can get in. If you don\u2019t, and you\u2019re living in a very rural area and you\u2019re a Black man, good luck being seen,\u201d says Thames.<\/p>\n<p>Morgan foresees the matrilineal kinship network once again playing a role, as widowed women turn to aunties, grandmothers and sisters to help them carry the burden. Black women will continue to soldier on together, despite their grief.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBlack women have kept on going because we have to keep on going \u2014 we don\u2019t really have a choice,\u201d says Morgan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Black men are dying in disproportionate numbers from COVID-19, often leaving grieving spouses and children behind. USC Dornsife experts discuss how this tragedy connects to a long history of disruption of the Black family in America, from slavery to incarceration. <strong>[6\u00bc min read]<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":1871,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[495,497,496,499,494,62,150,498,195,71],"class_list":["post-1868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faculty","tag-african-americans","tag-alaina-morgan","tag-april-thames","tag-black-family","tag-black-women","tag-covid-19","tag-dei-story","tag-donna-benton","tag-family","tag-history"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The pandemic echoes a history of disruption for Black families, stretching back to slavery<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Black men are dying in disproportionate numbers from COVID-19, often leaving grieving spouses and children behind. USC Dornsife experts discuss how this tragedy connects to a long history of disruption of the Black family in America, from slavery to incarceration.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The pandemic echoes a history of disruption for Black families, stretching back to slavery\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Black men are dying in disproportionate numbers from COVID-19, often leaving grieving spouses and children behind. USC Dornsife experts discuss how this tragedy connects to a long history of disruption of the Black family in America, from slavery to incarceration.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"USC Dornsife News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uscdornsife\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-03-19T19:35:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-05-21T00:57:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3429.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"520\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Margaret Crable\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@uscdornsife\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@uscdornsife\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/stories\\\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/stories\\\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Margaret Crable\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/079941d34348eaa3a2f145191f66290c\"},\"headline\":\"The pandemic echoes a history of disruption for Black families, stretching back to slavery\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-03-19T19:35:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-05-21T00:57:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/stories\\\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":14,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/stories\\\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/7\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/story-3429.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"african americans\",\"alaina morgan\",\"april thames\",\"black family\",\"black women\",\"covid-19\",\"dei story\",\"donna benton\",\"family\",\"history\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Faculty\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/stories\\\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/stories\\\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/stories\\\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\\\/\",\"name\":\"The pandemic echoes a history of disruption for Black families, stretching back to slavery\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/stories\\\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/stories\\\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/7\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/story-3429.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-03-19T19:35:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-05-21T00:57:19+00:00\",\"description\":\"Black men are dying in disproportionate numbers from COVID-19, often leaving grieving spouses and children behind. USC Dornsife experts discuss how this tragedy connects to a long history of disruption of the Black family in America, from slavery to incarceration.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/stories\\\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/stories\\\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/stories\\\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/7\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/story-3429.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/7\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/story-3429.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":520,\"caption\":\"The pandemic echoes a history of disruption for Black families, stretching back to slavery\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/stories\\\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The pandemic echoes a history of disruption for Black families, stretching back to slavery\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/\",\"name\":\"USC Dornsife News\",\"description\":\"USC Dornsife news and events\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"USC Dornsife News\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/7\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/USC-Dornsife-Cardinal-Black-on-White-RGB.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/7\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/USC-Dornsife-Cardinal-Black-on-White-RGB.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":330,\"caption\":\"USC Dornsife News\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/uscdornsife\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/uscdornsife\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/uscdornsife\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/user\\\/USCCollege\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/school\\\/uscdornsife\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/079941d34348eaa3a2f145191f66290c\",\"name\":\"Margaret Crable\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/6791ff163203ae7627b9daae41a5c65889c50dd161b0f2d259103ec9db9e64e4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/6791ff163203ae7627b9daae41a5c65889c50dd161b0f2d259103ec9db9e64e4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/6791ff163203ae7627b9daae41a5c65889c50dd161b0f2d259103ec9db9e64e4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Margaret Crable\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dornsife.usc.edu\\\/news\\\/stories\\\/author\\\/mcrable\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The pandemic echoes a history of disruption for Black families, stretching back to slavery","description":"Black men are dying in disproportionate numbers from COVID-19, often leaving grieving spouses and children behind. USC Dornsife experts discuss how this tragedy connects to a long history of disruption of the Black family in America, from slavery to incarceration.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The pandemic echoes a history of disruption for Black families, stretching back to slavery","og_description":"Black men are dying in disproportionate numbers from COVID-19, often leaving grieving spouses and children behind. USC Dornsife experts discuss how this tragedy connects to a long history of disruption of the Black family in America, from slavery to incarceration.","og_url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/","og_site_name":"USC Dornsife News","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uscdornsife","article_published_time":"2021-03-19T19:35:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-05-21T00:57:19+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":520,"url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3429.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Margaret Crable","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@uscdornsife","twitter_site":"@uscdornsife","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/"},"author":{"name":"Margaret Crable","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/079941d34348eaa3a2f145191f66290c"},"headline":"The pandemic echoes a history of disruption for Black families, stretching back to slavery","datePublished":"2021-03-19T19:35:00+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-21T00:57:19+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/"},"wordCount":14,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3429.jpg","keywords":["african americans","alaina morgan","april thames","black family","black women","covid-19","dei story","donna benton","family","history"],"articleSection":["Faculty"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/","url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/","name":"The pandemic echoes a history of disruption for Black families, stretching back to slavery","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3429.jpg","datePublished":"2021-03-19T19:35:00+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-21T00:57:19+00:00","description":"Black men are dying in disproportionate numbers from COVID-19, often leaving grieving spouses and children behind. USC Dornsife experts discuss how this tragedy connects to a long history of disruption of the Black family in America, from slavery to incarceration.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3429.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3429.jpg","width":800,"height":520,"caption":"The pandemic echoes a history of disruption for Black families, stretching back to slavery"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/the-pandemic-echoes-a-history-of-disruption-for-black-families-stretching-back-to-slavery\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The pandemic echoes a history of disruption for Black families, stretching back to slavery"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/","name":"USC Dornsife News","description":"USC Dornsife news and events","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#organization","name":"USC Dornsife News","url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/01\/USC-Dornsife-Cardinal-Black-on-White-RGB.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/01\/USC-Dornsife-Cardinal-Black-on-White-RGB.jpg","width":1000,"height":330,"caption":"USC Dornsife News"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uscdornsife","https:\/\/x.com\/uscdornsife","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/uscdornsife\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/USCCollege","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/school\/uscdornsife"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/079941d34348eaa3a2f145191f66290c","name":"Margaret Crable","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6791ff163203ae7627b9daae41a5c65889c50dd161b0f2d259103ec9db9e64e4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6791ff163203ae7627b9daae41a5c65889c50dd161b0f2d259103ec9db9e64e4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6791ff163203ae7627b9daae41a5c65889c50dd161b0f2d259103ec9db9e64e4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Margaret Crable"},"url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/author\/mcrable\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1868","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/52"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1868"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1868\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19971,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1868\/revisions\/19971"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1871"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}