{"id":18280,"date":"2024-02-02T09:57:36","date_gmt":"2024-02-02T17:57:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/?p=18280"},"modified":"2024-06-12T09:57:43","modified_gmt":"2024-06-12T16:57:43","slug":"strategy-to-climate-activisms-seeming-chaos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/strategy-to-climate-activisms-seeming-chaos\/","title":{"rendered":"From throwing soup to suing governments, there&#8217;s strategy to climate activism&#8217;s seeming chaos \u2212 here&#8217;s where it&#8217;s headed next"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/02\/Climate_Activism_Gibson_Top-768x432.png\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/02\/Climate_Activism_Gibson_Top-1920x1080.png 1920w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/02\/Climate_Activism_Gibson_Top-1280x720.png 1280w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/02\/Climate_Activism_Gibson_Top-768x432.png 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  role=\"none\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Climate marches and protests often aim for local impact. (Photo: iStock.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=social-impact\">Social Impact<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>From throwing soup to suing governments, there&#8217;s strategy to climate activism&#8217;s seeming chaos \u2212 here&#8217;s where it&#8217;s headed next<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  With international climate talks failing to make progress fast enough, activists are radically rethinking how to be most effective in the streets, political arenas and courtrooms.\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communications@dornsife.usc.edu\">Shannon Gibson<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">February 2, 2024<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m7.43475275 9.52380952-2.17490843 2.26076008c-1.08745421 1.058837-1.68841575 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xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m8.14285714 9.42857143c-.17142857 0-.34285714 0-.51428571.08571428l7.28571427 6.34285719c.3428572.2571428.6857143.2571428.9428572 0l7.2857142-6.34285719c-.0857142-.08571428-.2571428-.08571428-.4285714-.08571428zm-1.28571428 1.11428567v.1714286 8.5714286c0 .6857143.6 1.2857143 1.28571428 1.2857143h14.57142856c.6857143 0 1.2857143-.6 1.2857143-1.2857143v-8.5714286c0-.0857143 0-.0857143 0-.1714286l-7.2 6.3428572c-.7714286.6857143-1.8857143.6857143-2.6571429 0z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(-6 -9)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Email<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                  <\/span>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n \n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Climate activism has been on a wild ride lately, from the shock tactics of young activists throwing <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/throwing-soup-on-a-van-gogh-and-other-ways-young-climate-activists-are-making-their-voices-heard-193210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">soup on famous paintings<\/a> to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/press-release\/climate-litigation-more-doubles-five-years-now-key-tool-delivering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">surge in climate lawsuits<\/a> by savvy plaintiffs.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.usc.edu\/assignment-earth\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-16067\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/07\/AE_News-Rubric-150x150.png\" alt=\"On a gold background, &quot;Asgmt Earth&quot; appears inside a black circle and &quot;USC&quot; inside a small, white circle that slightly overlaps the black circle.\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/07\/AE_News-Rubric-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/07\/AE_News-Rubric-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/07\/AE_News-Rubric-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/07\/AE_News-Rubric-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/07\/AE_News-Rubric-320x320.png 320w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/07\/AE_News-Rubric.png 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>While some people consider <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YZ2kBc_-Pfk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disruptive \u201cantics\u201d<\/a> like attacking museum artwork with food to be confusing and <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/london-painting-climate-and-environment-b15e0092560b290c04920620b2d7c061\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">alienating for the public<\/a>, research into social movements shows there is a method to the seeming madness.<\/p>\n<p>By <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1424&amp;context=ohlj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">strategically using<\/a> both radical forms of civil disobedience and more mainstream public actions, such as lobbying and state-sanctioned demonstrations, activists can grab the public\u2019s attention while making less aggressive tactics seem much more acceptable.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/profile\/shannon-gibson\/\">I study<\/a> the role of disruptive politics and social movements in global climate policy and have chronicled the ebb, flow and dynamism of climate activism over time. With today\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2515-7620\/acaa21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">political institutions<\/a> largely focused on short-term desires over long-term planetary health, and global climate negotiations moving far too slowly to meet the challenge, climate activists have been reconsidering their tactics \u2013 and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2023\/01\/07\/europe\/extinction-rebellion-quits-disruptive-protests-climate-intl\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">radically rethinking<\/a> how to make their activism most effective.<\/p>\n<p>In meetings with global activists in recent weeks, my colleagues and I have noticed a shifting emphasis to local climate battles \u2013 in the streets, political arenas and courtrooms. The lines between reformists and radicals, and between <a href=\"https:\/\/voidnetwork.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Dynamics-of-contention-by-McAdamTarrowTilly.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">global and grassroots mobilizers<\/a>, are blurring, and a new sense of strategic engagement is taking root.<\/p>\n<h2>When global institutions fail the public<\/h2>\n<p>Activist groups have long relied on a strategy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cornellpress.cornell.edu\/book\/9780801484568\/activists-beyond-borders\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">known as the boomerang effect<\/a> \u2013 using international networks and global institutions such as the United Nations\u2019 climate talks to influence national governments\u2019 policy choices.<\/p>\n<p>But while this tactic was initially well suited to climate change, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/cop28-climate-deal-stab-back-activist-greta-thunberg-says-2023-12-15\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">results show<\/a> the talks have been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/paris-agreement-goals-failed-climate-change-global-warming-united-nations-climate-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">too slow and insufficient<\/a>. The growing influence of the fossil fuel industry, whose products are the leading cause of global warming, has left some activists seriously <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41311-020-00222-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">questioning whether the U.N. climate process is still useful<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 599px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/568937\/original\/file-20240111-15-v2fsff.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/568937\/original\/file-20240111-15-v2fsff.png\" width=\"599\" alt=\"Charts show the world is well off track to meeting the Paris Agreement climate targets.\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The world experienced its hottest year on record in 2023 and isn\u2019t on track to meet the Paris Agreement\u2019s aim to keep global warming under 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 F). Climate Action Tracker shows the emissions gap to 2030. <a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/global\/cat-emissions-gaps\/\">Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The 2023 U.N. climate conference solidified these concerns when the conference\u2019s host, the United Arab Emirates, put its state oil company CEO in charge of the climate talks. Some people argue that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2023\/01\/14\/climate-change-oil-ceo-sultan-al-jaber-is-ideal-person-to-lead-cop-28.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oil companies have to be part of the solution<\/a>. But the conference was overrun by a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2023\/dec\/05\/record-number-of-fossil-fuel-lobbyists-get-access-to-cop28-climate-talks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">record number of oil and gas lobbyists<\/a> more than 2,400 of them. And it was tainted by allegations that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2023\/11\/27\/climate\/uae-cop28-documents-al-jaber-climate-intl\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it was being used to further<\/a>, rather than halt, fossil fuel development. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/the-successes-and-failures-of-cop28\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">final agreement of COP28<\/a> left room for the continuing expansion of fossil fuels.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/04\/azerbaijan-appoint-state-oil-company-veteran-as-cop29-president\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announcement in January 2024 that Azerbaijan<\/a>, host of the next U.N. climate conference in late 2024, would place another oil industry veteran in charge of COP29 put <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/PaulHBeckwith\/status\/1743405338886545780\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">another nail in the coffin<\/a> of any faith many activists still had in the system.<\/p>\n<h2>Climate activists go local<\/h2>\n<p>In response to the weakness of global climate negotiations and failing climate policy, my colleagues and I are seeing signs of activists <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-89740-0_10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">turning more to their local roots<\/a>. Notably, we are seeing a ramp-up in sophisticated legal battles over climate change.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/press-release\/climate-litigation-more-doubles-five-years-now-key-tool-delivering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Over 2,000 new climate change cases<\/a> have been filed in the past five years. Most seek to compel governments and corporations to reduce their emissions or keep fossil fuels in the ground, and the majority are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/press-release\/climate-litigation-more-doubles-five-years-now-key-tool-delivering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the United States<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Global_trends_in_climate_change_litigation_2023_snapshot.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Over half<\/a> of the cases decided between June 2022 and May 2023 had a favorable outcome for the climate, though most still face appeals.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"hK2ur\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" style=\"border: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/hK2ur\/4\/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400px\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>In 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/montana-kids-win-historic-climate-lawsuit-heres-why-it-could-set-a-powerful-precedent-207907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a judge in Montana<\/a> recognized the state\u2019s constitutional duty to protect residents from climate change. In another case, a court in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nortonrosefulbright.com\/en\/knowledge\/publications\/eb28cbe1\/dutch-court-orders-shell-to-reduce-co2-emissions-in-collective-action-proceedings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Netherlands in 2021 set a precedent<\/a> by ordering the oil company Shell to reduce its emissions by 45% by 2030 in official compliance with the international Paris climate agreement.<\/p>\n<h2>How radical spectacles create space for progress<\/h2>\n<p>When radical activism takes place at the same time as formal institutional challenges, studies show the combination can help increase support for more moderate activism.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers call this the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgac110\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">radical flank effect<\/a>.\u201d It was effective for both <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41599-023-02507-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the civil rights<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17813\/1086-671X-20-2-157\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">feminist movements<\/a>, and it is evident in other political movements in the U.S. today.<\/p>\n<p>When people are exposed to radical forms of environmental protest, they become aware of the problems. Seeing the extremes can also leave them more comfortable with supporting less extreme tactics.<\/p>\n<p>For example, the idea of <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/throwing-soup-on-a-van-gogh-and-other-ways-young-climate-activists-are-making-their-voices-heard-193210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">throwing tomato soup on Van Gogh\u2019s glass-covered \u201cSunflowers\u201d<\/a> painting may have been polarizing, but it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.american.edu\/sis\/big-world\/68-will-climate-shock-cause-climate-change-action.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">got the general public talking<\/a> about the soup-throwers\u2019 cause \u2013 ending fossil fuel use. And that can open doors for political leaders to discuss viable solutions to climate change.<\/p>\n<p>We see this happening in the U.K. After initially disapproving of protests, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/climate-change\/news\/extinction-rebellion-sadiq-khan-climate-change-protests-meeting-london-michael-gove-a8892106.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">London Mayor Sadiq Khan met with Extinction Rebellion<\/a>, a group known for dramatic actions such as spraying fake blood on the steps of the U.K. treasury. Then-U.K. environment secretary <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2019\/apr\/30\/extinction-rebellion-tells-politicians-to-declare-emergency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michael Gove met with the climate activists<\/a> to discuss emissions reductions. Days later, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-politics-48126677\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the U.K. Parliament declared a climate emergency<\/a> \u2013 the first country to do so.<\/p>\n<p>Politicians under pressure from climate protesters are shifting course in the U.S. as well. President Joe Biden made climate change a focus of his first campaign, but activists <a href=\"https:\/\/biologicaldiversity.org\/w\/news\/press-releases\/biden-administration-rejects-calls-to-phase-out-oil-gas-on-public-lands-by-2035-2023-06-29\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aren\u2019t getting anywhere close to everything they want<\/a> and have made Biden a recent target of climate protests and even hecklers.<\/p>\n<p>While it is hard to get into the mind of judges and juries, research shows that in cases such as workers\u2019 and women\u2019s rights struggles, <a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2299479\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">radical and anti-government protests can have an impact<\/a> on them. While court decisions rarely produce radical societal change, they are frequently followed by legislative changes that meet more moderate demands.<\/p>\n<h2>The real aim<\/h2>\n<p>Criticism of extreme activism often <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41599-023-02507-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">misses a crucial point<\/a>: The public\u2019s reaction isn\u2019t necessarily the activists\u2019 end goal. Often, their ultimate aim is to influence government and business decision-makers. And while decision-makers are rarely, if ever, going to attribute their actions to activist pressure, the passing of the climate-focused Inflation Reduction Act in a gridlocked U.S. Congress in 2022 and declarations of a climate emergency across the globe suggest climate activists\u2019 concerns are getting through.<\/p>\n<p>When looking at climate activism, pundits should be cautioned in their criticism of what they see as a \u201cdisjointed movement.\u201d The perceived madness is indeed method.<\/p>\n<p><em>USC graduate student Abhay Manchala contributed to this article.<\/em><!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/219545\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/shannon-gibson-1388776\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shannon Gibson<\/a>, Associate Professor of International Relations and Environmental Studies, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/usc-dornsife-college-of-letters-arts-and-sciences-2669\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/from-throwing-soup-to-suing-governments-theres-strategy-to-climate-activisms-seeming-chaos-heres-where-its-headed-next-219545\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With international climate talks failing to make progress fast enough, activists are radically rethinking how to be most effective in the streets, political arenas and courtrooms.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":18290,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[66,87,83],"class_list":["post-18280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-impact","tag-climate-change","tag-expert-viewpoint","tag-the-conversation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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