{"id":1764,"date":"2021-04-15T09:37:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-15T16:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/mellon-mays-scholar-explores-queer-culture-and-black-identity\/"},"modified":"2024-08-26T21:10:21","modified_gmt":"2024-08-27T04:10:21","slug":"student-studies-black-queer-phobia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/student-studies-black-queer-phobia\/","title":{"rendered":"Mellon Mays scholar explores queer culture and Black identity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n            \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3455-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3455-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"Mellon Mays scholar explores queer culture and Black identity\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Anthropology and art history major Emmy Esquerre studies the history of queer culture in Black communities. (Photo: Madeleine Tran.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=student\">Student<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>Mellon Mays scholar explores queer culture and Black identity<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Emmy Esquerre links \u201cqueer phobia\u201d in today\u2019s Black communities to the political and religious systems put in place by European colonizers and missionaries in Africa and South America. <strong>[3\u00be min read]<\/strong>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Meredith McGroarty<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">April 15, 2021<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m7.43475275 9.52380952-2.17490843 2.26076008c-1.08745421 1.058837-1.68841575 2.518315-1.68841575 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xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m8.14285714 9.42857143c-.17142857 0-.34285714 0-.51428571.08571428l7.28571427 6.34285719c.3428572.2571428.6857143.2571428.9428572 0l7.2857142-6.34285719c-.0857142-.08571428-.2571428-.08571428-.4285714-.08571428zm-1.28571428 1.11428567v.1714286 8.5714286c0 .6857143.6 1.2857143 1.28571428 1.2857143h14.57142856c.6857143 0 1.2857143-.6 1.2857143-1.2857143v-8.5714286c0-.0857143 0-.0857143 0-.1714286l-7.2 6.3428572c-.7714286.6857143-1.8857143.6857143-2.6571429 0z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(-6 -9)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Email<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                  <\/span>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n \n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>In the pre-colonial Kingdom of Ndongo, a group of third-gender individuals \u2014 <i>quimbandas<\/i> or <i>chibados<\/i> \u2014 occupied a special status in society. As people believed to be able to communicate with the divine, they advised political leaders and presided over some religious ceremonies.<\/p>\n<p>Born male, they were able to live freely as women and to marry other men if they chose. But with European colonization and missionary ventures came the curtailment of their rights and status, as the Portuguese and others sought to convert African peoples to a religion with stricter views on gender and homosexuality, says Emmy Esquerre.<\/p>\n<p>A junior majoring in anthropology and art history at the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Esquerre is studying Black identity and queer culture, specifically how queer culture in Black communities changed as a result of European colonization, the Inquisition and enslavement in the U.S.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think there is a lot of queer phobia in the Black community, especially in Christian Black communities, but it really stems from this fear of sexuality in general because sexuality has been used against Black bodies,\u201d she says. \u201cI think also the fear comes from messages with which Christian missionary and white slave owners inundated enslaved African Americans.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Esquerre\u2019s work is supported by a <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/mmuf\">Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>An open and inclusive family<\/h2>\n<p>Esquerre grew up in a household with two mothers and one sister, which she says was fundamental in shaping her views on gender and sexual orientation.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think that my family has kind of been the driving force of my research. My parents always had me reading stuff about African American history and they were always exposing me to queer culture,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n<p>And her family\u2019s ties with Christianity \u2014 one mother was raised as a Jehovah\u2019s Witness and Esquerre\u2019s extended family includes a number of Baptists and Methodists \u2014 prompted her to want to explore the intersection of religion and sexuality in Black communities, as well as how religion impacted Black Christians\u2019 feelings of identity and self-worth.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI want to do interviews with Black queer individuals and [ask] how they have formed their spirituality. What does their faith mean to them and how has it impacted their sexuality?\u201d she says.<\/p>\n<p>She specifically wants to conduct more inclusive research than what has traditionally been done. \u201cA lot of the research about how Christianity impacts Black people is through a gendered, male, homosexual lens, and it doesn\u2019t account for trans bodies, usually. It doesn\u2019t account for lesbian women or nonbinary or fem-identifying queer people \u2014 all the variations.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>The roots of racism and anti-queer sentiment<\/h2>\n<p>To understand many of the views of homosexuality and queer culture expressed in Black communities today, one must go back 500 years to the era of Christian missionaries, the Inquisition and European colonization, Esquerre says. Inquisition records provide a detailed account, giving us clues as to how attitudes toward homosexuality changed as a result of the imposition of Western religion on the peoples of Africa and its spread into the areas the New World, like the U.S. and Brazil, to which they were sent as slaves.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere were inquisition records of, \u2018Oh, this individual\u2019 \u2014 they didn\u2019t call them\u00a0<i>quimbandas<\/i>\u00a0\u2014 \u2018this individual was killed because he was seen fraternizing with another male.\u2019 I think that through law enforcement, through the church, in the Inquisition and through violence, they were able to really enforce that this is not what we want in our society,\u201d she explains.<\/p>\n<p>But not all colonies treated queerness the same. There were some Latin American colonies where enslaved Black people kept elements of African spirituality, through Voodoo and Santer\u00eda, for example, and where there were more instances of non-normative queer relationships, Esquerre says.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSome of the questions that I\u2019ve been working on a little bit involve what happens when cultures and religions meet each other, especially in hostile conditions, those being colonization,\u201d she says. \u201cWhat is allowed to stay and what isn\u2019t from each group in a cultural convergence, and why?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But Esquerre believes Western religion, with its attitudes toward Blackness and sexuality, has had a profound impact on how people across the Black diaspora are coming to terms with the relationships between their spirituality and their sexuality. She hopes to continue this research into graduate school, after which she hopes to become a professor and anthropologist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/mellon-mays-fellow-felante-charlemagne\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >History major aims to build on the work of social activists who came before<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/hd-and-bryher-a-hidden-love-story\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >English professor charts out the hidden love story between two iconic, early 20th-century women<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/pride-month-lgbtq-reading-list-2020\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Gain insight into the LGBTQ experience with these readings<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Emmy Esquerre links \u201cqueer phobia\u201d in today\u2019s Black communities to the political and religious systems put in place by European colonizers and missionaries in Africa and South America. <strong>[3\u00be min read]<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":1767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[129,139,150,71,233,214],"class_list":["post-1764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-student","tag-anthropology","tag-art-history","tag-dei-story","tag-history","tag-mellon-mays-undergraduate-fellowship","tag-undergraduate-spotlight"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mellon Mays scholar explores queer culture and Black identity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Emmy Esquerre links \u201cqueer phobia\u201d in today\u2019s Black communities to the political and religious systems put in place by European colonizers and missionaries in Africa and South America. 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