{"id":17254,"date":"2023-10-24T14:13:54","date_gmt":"2023-10-24T21:13:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/?p=17254"},"modified":"2023-10-24T14:13:55","modified_gmt":"2023-10-24T21:13:55","slug":"fundamental-issue-for-the-catholic-church-is-heart-of-debate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/fundamental-issue-for-the-catholic-church-is-heart-of-debate\/","title":{"rendered":"Hot-button topics may get public attention at the Vatican synod, but a more fundamental issue for the Catholic Church is at the heart of debate"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/10\/wood_synod_top-768x432.png\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/10\/wood_synod_top-1920x1080.png 1920w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/10\/wood_synod_top-1280x720.png 1280w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/10\/wood_synod_top-768x432.png 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  role=\"none\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Delegates attend the opening of the General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops at the Vatican October 2023. (Image source: Vatican Media.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=arts-and-culture\">Arts and Culture<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>Hot-button topics may get public attention at the Vatican synod, but a more fundamental issue for the Catholic Church is at the heart of debate<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Pope Francis\u2019 Synod on Synodality is attempting to move the church toward a more dialogue-based model of authority, a scholar of Catholicism explains.\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Richard Wood<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">October 24, 2023<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m7.43475275 9.52380952-2.17490843 2.26076008c-1.08745421 1.058837-1.68841575 2.518315-1.68841575 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<p>High-ranking Catholics from across the globe have converged on the Vatican, where a landmark initiative is underway that will shape the future of the Catholic Church.<\/p>\n<p>Cardinals, bishops, priests and lay Catholics, both men and women, are meeting Oct. 4-29, 2023, as part of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.synod.va\/en.html\" target=\"_blank\">the Synod on Synodality<\/a>: an effort Pope Francis launched in 2021 to generate dialogue among Catholics.<\/p>\n<p>More than two weeks into the synod\u2019s first global assembly, participants are largely keeping quiet. Opening the synod, Francis called for <a href=\"https:\/\/religionnews.com\/2023\/10\/11\/synod-on-synodality-finds-its-voice-after-pope-francis-enforces-silence\/\" target=\"_blank\">a \u201cfasting of the public word<\/a>,\u201d encouraging delegates to focus inward and treat discussions as private.<\/p>\n<p>The goal of the three-year synod process is to consult with everyday Catholics worldwide about their concerns and experiences, guiding leaders\u2019 decision-making as the church enters its third millennium amid new challenges.<\/p>\n<p>Controversial issues such as <a href=\"https:\/\/religionnews.com\/2023\/07\/25\/synod-raises-hopes-for-long-sought-recognition-of-women-in-the-catholic-church\/\" target=\"_blank\">women\u2019s roles in ministry<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/vatican-lgbtq-synod-pope-4ab34cbc37d16b036bc190efceaf52c8\" target=\"_blank\">LGBTQ+ people\u2019s place in the church<\/a> dominate synod-related headlines, and are presumably being discussed. Often overlooked, however, is an even more fundamental issue: what power and authority should look like in the church.<\/p>\n<h2>Far-reaching process<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-worldwide-consultations-for-the-global-synod-reflect-pope-francis-efforts-toward-building-a-more-inclusive-catholic-church-213129\" target=\"_blank\">The synod<\/a> began with listening sessions at parishes, Catholic universities and other Catholic settings across the globe. All dioceses \u2013 the geographic regions into which the Catholic Church divides its ministry \u2013 were urged to hold such sessions.<\/p>\n<p>In theory, these discussions offered an opportunity for all Catholics to have their voices heard at the highest levels of the church. Key themes were passed up to local bishops, then synthesized into documents that informed consultations by a national-level assembly, and, in turn, the global assembly.<\/p>\n<p>In some places, however, local leaders have not promoted the synod or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/firebrand-texas-bishop-strickland-says-rome-synod-will-reveal-true-schismatics\" target=\"_blank\">have explicitly criticized it<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Clericalism vs. dialogue<\/h2>\n<p>Several topics on the table have garnered public attention, such as some Catholics\u2019 hopes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.detroitcatholic.com\/news\/married-priests-newsy-question-is-a-fixture-at-synods-past-and-present\" target=\"_blank\">to allow married priests<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/religionnews.com\/2023\/07\/25\/synod-raises-hopes-for-long-sought-recognition-of-women-in-the-catholic-church\/\" target=\"_blank\">women deacons<\/a>. Arguably the most important issue, however, is authority.<\/p>\n<p>Conservative factions yearn for \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/10\/03\/world\/europe\/pope-francis-synod-conservatives.html\" target=\"_blank\">clear teaching\u201d on doctrine<\/a> and strong centralized authority \u2013 even as, ironically, they <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-pope-heresy\/conservatives-want-catholic-bishops-to-denounce-pope-as-heretic-idUSKCN1S73KE\" target=\"_blank\">resist the authority of the current pope<\/a>, whom they criticize as an undisciplined leader or as too liberal. <\/p>\n<p>Progressive factions, on the other hand, often seem to yearn for more democratic decision-making, akin to the independent authority local congregations have in some Protestant denominations.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, as a scholar of <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/iacs\/staff\/\">the public role of the Catholic Church<\/a>, I suspect both groups are likely to be disappointed. <\/p>\n<p>The church <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/archive\/hist_councils\/ii_vatican_council\/documents\/vat-ii_decl_19651207_dignitatis-humanae_en.html\" target=\"_blank\">strongly supports democracy<\/a> in the secular world. Internally, however, Catholicism preserves a deep tradition of governance rooted in apostolic succession: the teaching that bishops\u2019 authority descends directly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/roman_curia\/congregations\/cfaith\/cti_documents\/rc_cti_1973_successione-apostolica_en.html\" target=\"_blank\">from the Apostles of Jesus Christ<\/a>. In other words, the legitimacy of their leadership stems from this lineage, rather than a democratic process.<\/p>\n<p>The synod process aims to move toward a more dialogue-based model for how the authority of priests and bishops should work, within this apostolic understanding of Catholic authority.<\/p>\n<h2>Francis v. \u2018clericalism\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>Catholics and many non-Catholics tend to understand the church as a kind of vertically integrated corporation, where unquestioned authority flows from the top. <\/p>\n<p>Waves of clergy sex abuse scandals, in particular, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/clericalism-cited-root-sex-abuse-crisis\" target=\"_blank\">have discredited this model<\/a> in many people\u2019s eyes, and Francis appears to be moving Catholicism away from this style of leadership. He has repeatedly criticized \u201cclericalism\u201d: the tendency to center the faith on priests and obedience to their authority. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cTo say &#8220;no\u201d to abuse is to say an emphatic \u201cno\u201d to all forms of clericalism,\u201c he wrote <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/content\/francesco\/en\/letters\/2018\/documents\/papa-francesco_20180820_lettera-popolo-didio.html\" target=\"_blank\">in a 2018 letter<\/a> addressed to &#8220;the people of God.\u201d Five years later, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/en\/pope\/news\/2023-08\/pope-to-priest-of-rome-i-am-on-the-journey-with-you.html\" target=\"_blank\">in a note to priests in Rome<\/a>, he described clericalism as \u201ca sickness\u201d that leads to authority \u201cwithout humility but with detached and haughty attitudes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Instead, Francis is advancing a model in which bishops exercise their authority through continuous dialogue with the faithful, the Catholic intellectual tradition and the wider world. This model views the church as constantly evolving, even as it forever affirms core truths. <\/p>\n<p>Sociologists call these types of models \u201cparticipative hierarchy.\u201d One aspect of this more responsive and dynamic model of authority has been prominently on display during the general assembly: Nuns and laypeople, both men and women, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usccb.org\/news\/2023\/pope-appoints-hundreds-attend-synod-bishops-synodality#:%7E:text=Pope%20Francis%20made%20significant%20changes,as%20members%20also%20is%2054.\">are full participants<\/a>, with voice and vote in all matters coming before the synod.<\/p>\n<p>While this sounds moderate, it challenges the core understanding of authority among clericalist Catholics, who argue that such reforms would go against tradition. However, Catholicism has used <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/roman_curia\/congregations\/cfaith\/cti_documents\/rc_cti_20180302_sinodalita_en.html\" target=\"_blank\">both models of authority<\/a> in different periods. <\/p>\n<h2>Politics and the pope<\/h2>\n<p>The controversy surrounding the synod also reflects a simple fact: The Catholic Church in the U.S. is as polarized as secular American society. <\/p>\n<p>A decade ago, at the very start of Francis\u2019 papacy, he was seen as a moderate conservative. But he quickly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/09\/15\/world\/europe\/in-weddings-pope-francis-looks-past-tradition.html?searchResultPosition=2\" target=\"_blank\">signaled openness to the modern world<\/a>, in part by criticizing two qualities as anathema to Catholic teachings. First, clericalism, with its tendency to treat clergy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/12\/23\/world\/europe\/pope-francis-in-christmas-speech-has-stern-rebuke-for-vatican-bureaucracy.html\" target=\"_blank\">as elite or above accountability<\/a>. Second, a backward-looking nostalgia for some earlier time when a perfect Catholicism supposedly existed \u2013 a stance that Francis sees as undercutting Catholicism here and now.<\/p>\n<p>As of 2021, about 4 in 5 U.S. Catholics <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2021\/06\/25\/americans-including-catholics-continue-to-have-favorable-views-of-pope-francis\/\" target=\"_blank\">had a positive opinion of Francis<\/a>. Among clergy and Catholic leaders, however, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/10\/02\/us\/pope-vatican-catholic-church-texas-bishop.html\" target=\"_blank\">he has some vocal detractors<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>While Francis has embraced constructive debate, he has pointedly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/vatican\/pope-removes-cardinal-burke-vatican-post\" target=\"_blank\">removed from authority<\/a> some clergy, including Americans, whom he sees as actively undermining his direction for the church. More recently, he accused U.S. conservatives of \u201cbackwardness\u201d and of <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/pope-francis-vatican-conservatives-abortion-us-bbfc346c117bd9ae68a1963478bea6b3\" target=\"_blank\">replacing spirituality with ideology<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>For now, the synod moves forward despite the divides. There will be another synod assembly in Rome <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/en\/pope\/news\/2022-10\/pope-francis-synod-bishops-extension-2023-2024.html\" target=\"_blank\">in October 2024<\/a>, after which final recommendations will be made and the pope will decide what to put into action. <\/p>\n<p>Beyond whatever particular changes this synod assembly may or may not recommend, its deeper impact will lie in how Francis\u2019 vision of Catholic authority fares. In the long term, I would argue, this is where the Catholic future will be most shaped. The world\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/iacs\/2022\/04\/30\/global-christianity\/\">1.4 billion Catholics<\/a> will be watching.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. 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More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/richard-wood-914781\" target=\"_blank\">Richard Wood<\/a>, President, Institute for Advanced Catholic Studies, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-southern-california-1265\" target=\"_blank\">University of Southern California<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/hot-button-topics-may-get-public-attention-at-the-vatican-synod-but-a-more-fundamental-issue-for-the-catholic-church-is-at-the-heart-of-debate-213634\" target=\"_blank\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Related Articles\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/from-bodice-rippers-to-romantasy-romance-novels-are-dominating-the-book-market\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >From bodice rippers to romantasy, romance novels are dominating the book market \u2013 and rewriting women\u2019s sexual\u00a0power<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/bad-bunny-and-puerto-rican-muslims-both-remix-what-it-means-to-be-boricua\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Bad Bunny and Puerto Rican Muslims: How both remix what it means to be\u00a0Boricua<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/jimmy-swaggarts-rise-and-fall-shaped-the-landscape-of-american-televangelism\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Jimmy Swaggart\u2019s rise and fall shaped the landscape of American televangelism<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pope Francis\u2019 Synod on Synodality is attempting to move the church toward a more dialogue-based model of authority, a scholar of Catholicism explains.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":17255,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[87,104,83],"class_list":["post-17254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-and-culture","tag-expert-viewpoint","tag-religion","tag-the-conversation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hot-button topics may get public attention at the Vatican synod, but a more fundamental issue for the Catholic Church is at the heart of debate<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/fundamental-issue-for-the-catholic-church-is-heart-of-debate\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hot-button topics may get public attention at the Vatican synod, but a more fundamental issue for the Catholic Church is at the heart of debate\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pope Francis\u2019 Synod on Synodality is attempting to move the church toward a more dialogue-based model of authority, a scholar of Catholicism explains.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/fundamental-issue-for-the-catholic-church-is-heart-of-debate\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"USC Dornsife News\" \/>\n<meta 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