{"id":1536,"date":"2021-07-15T14:17:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-15T21:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/student-faculty-team-argues-biennial-tax-filing-would-save-americans-billions\/"},"modified":"2025-03-27T10:22:31","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T17:22:31","slug":"student-professor-collaboration-biennial-tax","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/student-professor-collaboration-biennial-tax\/","title":{"rendered":"Student-faculty team argues biennial tax filing would save Americans billions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                          \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3512-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3512-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"Student-faculty team argues biennial tax filing would save Americans billions\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Many Americans struggle to prepare their tax forms each year, but simple changes could significantly improve the system. (Image Source: iStock.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=faculty\">Faculty<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>Student-faculty team argues biennial tax filing would save Americans billions<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Undergraduate Emma Cockerell and economics professor Jeffrey Dubin turned their collaboration analyzing the benefits and disadvantages of paying taxes every other year into a research paper featured on NPR. <strong>[3\u00be min read]<\/strong>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Meredith McGroarty<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">July 15, 2021<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m7.43475275 9.52380952-2.17490843 2.26076008c-1.08745421 1.058837-1.68841575 2.518315-1.68841575 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xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m8.14285714 9.42857143c-.17142857 0-.34285714 0-.51428571.08571428l7.28571427 6.34285719c.3428572.2571428.6857143.2571428.9428572 0l7.2857142-6.34285719c-.0857142-.08571428-.2571428-.08571428-.4285714-.08571428zm-1.28571428 1.11428567v.1714286 8.5714286c0 .6857143.6 1.2857143 1.28571428 1.2857143h14.57142856c.6857143 0 1.2857143-.6 1.2857143-1.2857143v-8.5714286c0-.0857143 0-.0857143 0-.1714286l-7.2 6.3428572c-.7714286.6857143-1.8857143.6857143-2.6571429 0z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(-6 -9)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Email<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                  <\/span>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n \n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Paying taxes every two years would not only halve springtime blood pressure spikes, it could actually save the federal government and the American public up to $83 billion.<\/p>\n<p>In their <a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3689246\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research study<\/a>, Emma Cockerell, a senior at the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, and USC Dornsife Adjunct Professor of the Practice of Economics Jeffrey Dubin, compared the financial impact of annual versus biennial tax filing by analyzing several factors, such as the amount of money the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) spends on annual return audits, IRS staffing levels and the annual cost of tax preparation services for the public.<\/p>\n<p>The research, which was featured on NPR\u2019s \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/transcripts\/995956515\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Indicator<\/a>,\u201d showed that biennial taxation would significantly decrease the amount of money Americans spend each year on accountants and tax preparation software. It would also ease the pressure on enforcement staff at the IRS \u2014 already stretched thin due to budget cuts \u2014 and allow them to pursue noncompliance issues, like tax evasion, more thoroughly.<\/p>\n<p>Between 2011 and 2013, noncompliance cost the government about $380 billion in annual revenue. With biennial tax filing, IRS auditors could handle twice as many returns and spend more time investigating them, Cockerell says. Meanwhile, she adds, the American public typically spends $67 billion on tax preparation each year, a figure that includes both the cost of accounting services and the amount of time individuals spend calculating their own taxes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe tax system as it imposes huge burdens on everyday Americans,\u201d Cockerell says. \u201cPart of making it more equitable is making it more accessible, cheaper, less burdensome for low-income earners.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Exploring an idea<\/h2>\n<figure style=\"width: 231px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/migration-uploads\/Cockerell_Taxes_InStoryA-3512.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Emma Cockrell.\" width=\"231\" height=\"359\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Economics major Emma Cockerell. (Photo: Courtesty of Emma Cockerell.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Cockerell, who is majoring in economics\/mathematics, says her partnership with Dubin began in spring 2020, when she took his Economic Consulting and Applied Managerial Economics (ECON 474) class. Dubin mentioned during the course that he often has research work for students who are looking to invest some extra effort in their studies.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf I find a bright student, like Emma is, I\u2019ll give them a number of different choices of things that they might work on, and I try to pick something that they like,\u201d Dubin says. \u201c[Biennial taxation] was an idea that had been kicking around in my head for a while.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Cockerell says that she enjoyed reading Dubin\u2019s previous research on taxation, as she felt it was \u201crare\u201d for students to see what their professors study outside of a given course. And the project turned out to be more interactive and interesting than she thought research work would be.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI had previously thought that research can be dry, and academic, but this was a very collaborative effort in that we would frequently bounce ideas off of each other,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n<p>One of the most interesting moments during their work, Cockerell says, was when she learned how much money TurboTax \u2014 the popular tax preparation software that Cockerell herself has used \u2014 spent on lobbying Congress to prevent tax reforms that would simplify the system.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOne example we mentioned in the paper is the ReadyReturn system in California, which was piloted to much success but didn\u2019t work out because it directly affects TurboTax\u2019s business,\u201d she explains. \u201cIf the state of California is sending people\u2019s tax returns to them already filled out, just as many other countries around the world do, TurboTax is no longer needed by a large segment of people,\u201d she explains.<\/p>\n<p>Tax preparation services have also lobbied to prevent biennial filing due to the fact that it would negatively impact their business.<\/p>\n<p>Dubin says research provides a way to complement classroom lessons and help undergraduates improve skills, such as writing and analysis, that they will need later in life.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn my experience, it\u2019s unusual to work with undergraduates, but I think it\u2019s very important,\u201d he says. \u201cFor example, Emma wants to go to law school, so it\u2019s important that she learn how to write and structure her arguments.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Cockerell adds that in addition to gaining experience in writing and analysis, she enjoyed being able to take analyses she learned in Dubin\u2019s class and apply them to a real-world setting. Seeing them featured in an academic journal and in mainstream media was even better, she says.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf you\u2019d told me two years ago that I would have co-written a paper with a professor, much less one about taxation, I would have been really surprised.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/usc-dornsife-economics-graduate-wins-red-bull-basement-2026-world-final\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >After global innovation win, USC Dornsife graduate aims to make calling for help safer<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/usc-dornsife-graduate-wins-us-innovation-competition-heads-to-world-final\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >USC Dornsife graduate wins US innovation competition, heads to world final<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/impact-of-tariff-plans-explained-by-economist\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Economist explains impact of Trump\u2019s tariff plans<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Undergraduate Emma Cockerell and economics professor Jeffrey Dubin turned their collaboration analyzing the benefits and disadvantages of paying taxes every other year into a research paper featured on NPR. <strong>[3\u00be min read]<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":1539,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,17],"tags":[111,417],"class_list":["post-1536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faculty","category-student","tag-economics","tag-jeffrey-dubin"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Student-faculty team argues biennial tax filing would save Americans billions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Many Americans struggle to prepare their tax forms each year, but simple changes could significantly improve the system.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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