{"id":1376,"date":"2021-09-27T12:49:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-27T19:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-demand-a-big-response-how-1910s-big-burn-can-help-us-think-smarter-about-fighting-wildfires-and-living-with-fire\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T22:25:04","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T05:25:04","slug":"big-fires-big-response","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/","title":{"rendered":"Big fires demand a big response: How 1910\u2019s Big Burn can help us think smarter about fighting wildfires and living with\u00a0fire"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3552-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3552-1920x1080.jpg 1920w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3552-1280x720.jpg 1280w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3552-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"Big fires demand a big response: How 1910\u2019s Big Burn can help us think smarter about fighting wildfires and living with\u00a0fire\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Before satellites, fire crews watched for smoke from fire towers across the national forests. (Photo: K. D. Swan, U.S. Forest Service.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=faculty\">Faculty<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>Big fires demand a big response: How 1910\u2019s Big Burn can help us think smarter about fighting wildfires and living with\u00a0fire<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Expensive, militarized fire suppression led the U.S. down a forest management path that neglected more nuanced approaches. <strong>[11\u00bd min read]<\/strong>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">William Deverell and Elizabeth A. Logan<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">September 27, 2021<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m7.43475275 9.52380952-2.17490843 2.26076008c-1.08745421 1.058837-1.68841575 2.518315-1.68841575 4.0350275 0 1.5167124.60096154 2.9475732 1.68841575 4.0350274 1.058837 1.0874543 2.51831502 1.6884158 4.03502747 1.6884158 1.44087681 0 2.80427251-.5423678 3.86936601-1.5289606l.1656615-.1594552 2.2321428-2.2321428-1.6311813-1.6311813-2.2321429 2.26076c-.6581959.658196-1.5167124 1.0016026-2.43246332 1.0016026s-1.7742674-.3434066-2.43246337-1.0016026c-.65819597-.6581959-1.00160257-1.5167124-1.00160257-2.4324633 0-.8547009.2991453-1.6595442.87416905-2.2981957l.12743352-.1342677 2.23214286-2.2321429zm6.88661855-.40736607-5.26116068 5.26116075 1.61881868 1.6188186 5.2611607-5.2611607zm1.3837569-5.54501488c-1.4408768 0-2.8042725.54236779-3.869366 1.52896062l-.1656615.15945513-2.23214282 2.23214286 1.63118132 1.63118132 2.2321429-2.23214286c.6581959-.65819597 1.5167124-1.00160256 2.4324633-1.00160256s1.7742674.34340659 2.4324634 1.00160256 1.0016026 1.51671246 1.0016026 2.43246337c0 .85470089-.2991453 1.65954419-.8741691 2.29819559l-.1274335.1342678-2.2321429 2.2321428 1.5739469 1.5739469 2.2321429-2.2321428c1.0874542-1.058837 1.6884157-2.5183151 1.6884157-4.03502751 0-1.51671245-.6009615-2.94757326-1.6884157-4.03502747-1.058837-1.08745421-2.518315-1.68841575-4.0350275-1.68841575z\" transform=\"translate(-3 -3)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Copy Link<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                                <a class=\"a2a_button_facebook\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#facebook\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Facebook\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_facebook\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m23.9512 6h-16.9024c-.57923625 0-1.0488.46956375-1.0488 1.0488v16.9024c0 .5792362.46956375 1.0488 1.0488 1.0488h9.10024v-7.34768h-2.46772v-2.87584h2.46772v-2.11508c0-2.45404 1.49872-3.79012 3.68828-3.79012.7389668-.00263323 1.4775241.03516995 2.21236.11324v2.56348h-1.51392c-1.18788 0-1.4174.56544-1.4174 1.39612v1.8316h2.84772l-.37088 2.87584h-2.47684v7.34844h4.83284c.5792362 0 1.0488-.4695638 1.0488-1.0488v-16.9024c0-.57923625-.4695638-1.0488-1.0488-1.0488z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(-6 -6)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Facebook<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                                <a class=\"a2a_button_twitter\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#twitter\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"X\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_twitter\">\n              <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\"\n\t y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 30 30\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 30 30\" xml:space=\"preserve\" width=\"19\" height=\"19\">\n<path fill=\"#000\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M14.5,16.2l-0.8-1.1l-6.3-9h2.7l5.1,7.3l0.8,1.1\n\tl6.6,9.4h-2.7L14.5,16.2L14.5,16.2z M16.9,13.4l7.4-8.7h-1.8l-6.5,7.5L11,4.8H5l7.8,11.4L5,25.2h1.8l6.8-7.9l5.5,7.9h6L16.9,13.4\n\tL16.9,13.4z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">X<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                                <a class=\"a2a_button_linkedin\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#linkedin\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Linkedin\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_linkedin\">\n              <svg height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 19\" width=\"19\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m25 21.4220779c0 1.974026-1.6038961 3.5779221-3.5779221 3.5779221h-11.84415582c-1.97402598 0-3.57792208-1.6038961-3.57792208-3.5779221v-11.84415582c0-1.97402598 1.6038961-3.57792208 3.57792208-3.57792208h11.84415582c1.974026 0 3.5779221 1.6038961 3.5779221 3.57792208zm-14.5584416-12.21428569c-.98701295 0-1.60389606.61688311-1.60389606 1.48051949-.12337663.8636364.49350649 1.4805195 1.48051946 1.4805195.987013 0 1.6038961-.6168831 1.6038961-1.4805195 0-.86363638-.6168831-1.48051949-1.4805195-1.48051949zm1.3571429 12.70779219v-8.6363636h-2.83766234v8.6363636zm10.2402597 0v-4.9350649c0-2.5909091-1.3571428-3.8246753-3.3311688-3.8246753-1.4805195 0-2.0974026.8636363-2.4675325 1.4805194v-1.2337662h-2.8376623v8.6363636h2.8376623v-4.9350649c0-.2467532 0-.4935065.1233767-.7402597.1233766-.4935065.6168831-.987013 1.4805194-.987013.987013 0 1.4805195.7402597 1.4805195 1.974026v4.564935z\" transform=\"translate(-6 -6)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">LinkedIn<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                                <a class=\"a2a_button_bluesky\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#bluesky\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Bluesky\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_bluesky\">\n              <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"50px\" height=\"50px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                <path fill=\"#00000\" d=\"M12 10.8c-1.087-2.114-4.046-6.053-6.798-7.995C2.566.944 1.561 1.266.902 1.565C.139 1.908 0 3.08 0 3.768c0 .69.378 5.65.624 6.479c.815 2.736 3.713 3.66 6.383 3.364c.136-.02.275-.039.415-.056c-.138.022-.276.04-.415.056c-3.912.58-7.387 2.005-2.83 7.078c5.013 5.19 6.87-1.113 7.823-4.308c.953 3.195 2.05 9.271 7.733 4.308c4.267-4.308 1.172-6.498-2.74-7.078a8.741 8.741 0 0 1-.415-.056c.14.017.279.036.415.056c2.67.297 5.568-.628 6.383-3.364c.246-.828.624-5.79.624-6.478c0-.69-.139-1.861-.902-2.206c-.659-.298-1.664-.62-4.3 1.24C16.046 4.748 13.087 8.687 12 10.8\"  fill-rule=\"evenodd\" \/>\n              <\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Bluesky<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                                <a class=\"a2a_button_email\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#email\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"E-mail\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_print\">\n              <svg height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 12\" width=\"18\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m8.14285714 9.42857143c-.17142857 0-.34285714 0-.51428571.08571428l7.28571427 6.34285719c.3428572.2571428.6857143.2571428.9428572 0l7.2857142-6.34285719c-.0857142-.08571428-.2571428-.08571428-.4285714-.08571428zm-1.28571428 1.11428567v.1714286 8.5714286c0 .6857143.6 1.2857143 1.28571428 1.2857143h14.57142856c.6857143 0 1.2857143-.6 1.2857143-1.2857143v-8.5714286c0-.0857143 0-.0857143 0-.1714286l-7.2 6.3428572c-.7714286.6857143-1.8857143.6857143-2.6571429 0z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(-6 -9)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Email<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                  <\/span>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n \n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Over <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_DOCUMENTS\/stelprdb5444731.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two days in the summer of 1910<\/a>, wildfires roared across the bone-dry forests of the inland Northwestern U.S., the Rockies, and parts of British Columbia. Whole towns burned. The blazes scorched 3 million acres of forest, an area the size of Connecticut, and left behind a legacy that profoundly changed how the U.S. managed wildfires \u2013 and ultimately how fires behave today.<\/p>\n<p>The Big Burn shook firefighting agencies and officials, most notably the newly formed U.S. Forest Service and its leaders. As those who had witnessed The Big Burn rose through the pre-World War II Forest Service ranks, <a href=\"https:\/\/foresthistory.org\/research-explore\/us-forest-service-history\/policy-and-law\/fire-u-s-forest-service\/u-s-forest-service-fire-suppression\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a firm and unyielding policy<\/a> rose with them:<\/p>\n<p>Forest fires were to be put out. All of them. By 10 a.m. the morning after they had been discovered.<\/p>\n<p>While not widely known outside the Forest Service, the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/fs_media\/fs_document\/sustainability-wildlandfire-508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10 a.m. policy<\/a>\u201d is one of the most consequential environmental actions in American history. This absolutist fire suppression ideology, later publicized by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/features\/story-smokey-bear\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Smokey Bear<\/a>, has as its origin the Big Burn complex of forest fires in 1910 and its roots in 19th-century settler colonialism.<\/p>\n<div class=\"news-image-full\">\n<figure style=\"width: 1920px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/420171\/original\/file-20210909-27-1hkuwu5.jpg\" alt=\"President Eisenhower smiles as he holds up the toddler-sized Smokey Bear doll with men in suits flanking him.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1523\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">President Dwight D. Eisenhower holds a Smokey Bear doll. The mascot, introduced in 1944, and its long-running public service campaigns represented the Forest Service strategy of putting out every fire, a strategy that left forests across the West primed to burn. (Photo: U.S. Forest Service.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>The aftermath of 1910 led to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/fs_media\/fs_document\/sustainability-wildlandfire-508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bold decision-making<\/a> in forest and fire management techniques and directives. Fire suppression, at least in the way the Forest Service and allied agencies went about it \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/fs_media\/fs_document\/sustainability-wildlandfire-508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">militarized, technologically impressive, expensive<\/a> \u2013 led the U.S. down a forest management path that neglected other, more nuanced approaches to fire. The dismissal of Indigenous ecological knowledge about fire and land stewardship undoubtedly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.capradio.org\/articles\/2020\/09\/16\/the-racist-removal-of-native-americans-in-california-is-often-missing-from-wildfire-discussions-experts-say\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contributed to the rise<\/a> of suppressing all fires.<\/p>\n<p>Now, more than a century later, the 21st century\u2019s big burns are a signal that things have <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/california-wildfires-signal-the-arrival-of-a-planetary-fire-age-125972\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gone terribly wrong<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/public.tableau.com\/views\/USwildlandfiresandacreageburnedannually\/USwildlandfires?:language=en-US&amp;:display_count=n&amp;:origin=viz_share_link&amp;:showVizHome=no&amp;:embed=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"680\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>In 2020, fires in California alone burned more than 4 million acres and spawned a new term: the gigafire, a wildfire that burns more than 1 million acres. The <a href=\"https:\/\/inciweb.nwcg.gov\/incident\/6983\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">August Complex<\/a> was the first known modern gigafire. The Dixie Fire, which swept through the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/3-wildfire-lessons-for-forest-towns-as-dixie-fire-destroys-historic-greenville-california-165718\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">town of Greenville<\/a> in northern California in August 2021, will <a href=\"https:\/\/inciweb.nwcg.gov\/incident\/7690\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">likely be another gigafire<\/a> before it is finally put out.<\/p>\n<p>As <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/cf\/faculty-and-staff\/faculty.cfm?pid=1003206\">historians of<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/icw\/people\/\">the western U.S.<\/a> and heads of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.usc.edu\/icw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Huntington-USC Institute on California and the West<\/a>, we and our colleagues have been exploring what went wrong with wildfire management in the region, and why.<\/p>\n<h2>Fire behavior that crews haven\u2019t seen before<\/h2>\n<p>Huge swaths of California and the West are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nifc.gov\/fire-information\/nfn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on fire again<\/a> this year, and wildfires are behaving in ways firefighters haven\u2019t experienced before.<\/p>\n<p>Officials say that this year, for the first time on record, a wildfire <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/nation\/2021\/08\/18\/caldor-fire-california-grizzly-flats\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">crossed the Sierra Nevada<\/a> from West to East \u2013 the Dixie Fire did it first, and then the Caldor Fire did the same thing a few weeks later. The Caldor Fire was so hard to control, fire officials in late August talked about trying to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tahoedailytribune.com\/news\/firefighters-steering-caldor-into-tamarack-burn-area-away-from-structures-at-tahoe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">steer it<\/a> into another fire\u2019s burn scar as their best chance to stop its race toward communities around Lake Tahoe. Some fires have become so extreme, they <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/extreme-wildfires-can-create-their-own-dangerous-weather-including-fire-tornadoes-heres-how-144904\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">created their own weather<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Part of the problem is climate change. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/assessment-report\/ar6\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Drought and higher temperatures<\/a> are fueling bigger, hotter and more dangerous fires than at any time in recorded memory. Summer <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms8537\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildfire seasons are lasting longer<\/a>, droughts are leaving <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1607171113\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more fuel ready to burn<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2020GL091377\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fire weather<\/a> is becoming more common.<\/p>\n<p>Adding to the risk is the number of people living in wildland areas and all those <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-years-of-fighting-every-wildfire-helped-fuel-the-western-megafires-of-today-163165\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">years of fighting every fire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The U.S. routinely put out <a href=\"https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aab2356\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about 98%<\/a> of all fires before they reached a half-square mile in size. That means areas that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/database\/feis\/fire_regime_table\/PNVG_fire_regime_table.html#California\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">normally burned every few decades<\/a> instead built up fuel that can make fires more extreme when they do start.<\/p>\n<p>In an unprecedented move this year, the U.S. Forest Service <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/detail\/r5\/news-events\/?cid=FSEPRD949139\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">closed all national forests in California<\/a> to hikers, campers and others through at least mid-September to lower fire risk and keep people out of harm\u2019s way. Several <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc15.com\/news\/wildfires\/arizona-national-forests-announce-closures-due-to-fire-danger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">national forests in Arizona were closed<\/a> earlier in the summer.<\/p>\n<p>Closing the forests is not a sustainable solution. That it happened drove home the nature of the emergency in the West.<\/p>\n<h2>A new fire paradigm<\/h2>\n<p>The response to the Big Burn was not only wrongheaded, in our view, but also crude in its single-mindedness. \u201cPut all forest fires out\u201d had a clarity to it, but a 21st-century fire paradigm shift will have to be connected to broader conversations about environmental knowledge and how it can best be shared.<\/p>\n<p>The U.S. has learned that it cannot suppress its way to a healthy relationship with fire in the West. That strategy failed even before climate change proved it to be no strategy at all.<\/p>\n<p>Building a more successful coexistance with fire includes figuring out how to work cooperatively. This includes broader conversations about environmental knowledge, what constitutes it and how best it can be shared. Indigenous communities have long lived with fire and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/psw\/publications\/lake\/psw_2019_lake001.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">used it to cultivate healthy ecosystems<\/a>. Prescribed and cultural burning are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-6255\/2\/2\/30\/htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">important tools<\/a> in mitigating catastrophic fire and simultaneously aiding forest health.<\/p>\n<p>Living with fire also requires teaching everyone about fire. Schools at all levels and grades can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cafiresci.org\/events-webinars-source\/category\/fireworks-integration-of-wildfire-science-into-k-12-education\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">teach fire knowledge<\/a>, including the science of fire and its consequences for communities, economies and lives; the history and cultural practices of fire; and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_DOCUMENTS\/fsbdev3_035870.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the plants, landscapes and materials<\/a> that can help prevent fires.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, communities and landowners will have to reconsider how and where development takes place in high-risk areas. The idea that people can build wherever they want <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kqed.org\/science\/1943266\/one-potential-solution-to-fires-in-the-wilderness-dont-build-there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">isn\u2019t realistic<\/a>, and landowners will have to seriously <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wxpr.org\/2020-09-13\/california-camp-fire-survivors-face-the-horror-all-over-again-in-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rethink the reflex to rebuild<\/a> once burned areas have cooled.<\/p>\n<p>In our view, living with fire demands greater attention to learn from and care for each other and our common home. Collaboration, respect, resources and new ideas are keys to the path forward.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/167317\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/william-deverell-381508\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">William Deverell<\/a>, Professor of History, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/usc-dornsife-college-of-letters-arts-and-sciences-2669\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/elizabeth-a-logan-1268555\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elizabeth A. Logan<\/a>, Associate Director of the Huntington-USC Institute on California and The West, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/usc-dornsife-college-of-letters-arts-and-sciences-2669\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/big-fires-demand-a-big-response-how-1910s-big-burn-can-help-us-think-smarter-about-fighting-wildfires-and-living-with-fire-167317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/eaton-fire-sent-a-pollution-wave-across-los-angeles\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Eaton fire sent a pollution wave across Los Angeles<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/post-wildfire-lead-testing-clean-project-grows-in-and-beyond-los-angeles\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >USC Dornsife\u2019s post-wildfire lead testing initiative grows in and beyond L.A. County<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/labarometer-wildfire-survey-of-housing-instability-and-income\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Wildfires hit L.A.\u2019s housing-insecure residents hardest, USC Dornsife survey finds<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Expensive, militarized  fire suppression led the U.S. down a forest management path that neglected more nuanced approaches. <strong>[11\u00bd min read]<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":1379,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[71,83,362,169],"class_list":["post-1376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faculty","tag-history","tag-the-conversation","tag-wildfire","tag-william-deverell"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Big fires demand a big response: How 1910\u2019s Big Burn can help us think smarter about fighting wildfires and living with\u00a0fire<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Expensive, militarized fire suppression led the U.S. down a forest management path that neglected more nuanced approaches.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Big fires demand a big response: How 1910\u2019s Big Burn can help us think smarter about fighting wildfires and living with\u00a0fire\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Expensive, militarized fire suppression led the U.S. down a forest management path that neglected more nuanced approaches.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"USC Dornsife News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uscdornsife\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-09-27T19:49:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-29T05:25:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3552-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1953\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Margaret Crable\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@uscdornsife\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@uscdornsife\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Margaret Crable\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/079941d34348eaa3a2f145191f66290c\"},\"headline\":\"Big fires demand a big response: How 1910\u2019s Big Burn can help us think smarter about fighting wildfires and living with\u00a0fire\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-09-27T19:49:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-29T05:25:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/\"},\"wordCount\":22,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3552-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"history\",\"the conversation\",\"wildfire\",\"william deverell\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Faculty\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/\",\"name\":\"Big fires demand a big response: How 1910\u2019s Big Burn can help us think smarter about fighting wildfires and living with\u00a0fire\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3552-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-09-27T19:49:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-29T05:25:04+00:00\",\"description\":\"Expensive, militarized fire suppression led the U.S. down a forest management path that neglected more nuanced approaches.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3552-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3552-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1953,\"caption\":\"Big fires demand a big response: How 1910\u2019s Big Burn can help us think smarter about fighting wildfires and living with\u00a0fire\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Big fires demand a big response: How 1910\u2019s Big Burn can help us think smarter about fighting wildfires and living with\u00a0fire\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/\",\"name\":\"USC Dornsife News\",\"description\":\"USC Dornsife news and events\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#organization\",\"name\":\"USC Dornsife News\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/01\/USC-Dornsife-Cardinal-Black-on-White-RGB.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/01\/USC-Dornsife-Cardinal-Black-on-White-RGB.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":330,\"caption\":\"USC Dornsife News\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uscdornsife\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/uscdornsife\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/uscdornsife\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/USCCollege\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/school\/uscdornsife\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/079941d34348eaa3a2f145191f66290c\",\"name\":\"Margaret Crable\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6791ff163203ae7627b9daae41a5c65889c50dd161b0f2d259103ec9db9e64e4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6791ff163203ae7627b9daae41a5c65889c50dd161b0f2d259103ec9db9e64e4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Margaret Crable\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/author\/mcrable\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Big fires demand a big response: How 1910\u2019s Big Burn can help us think smarter about fighting wildfires and living with\u00a0fire","description":"Expensive, militarized fire suppression led the U.S. down a forest management path that neglected more nuanced approaches.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Big fires demand a big response: How 1910\u2019s Big Burn can help us think smarter about fighting wildfires and living with\u00a0fire","og_description":"Expensive, militarized fire suppression led the U.S. down a forest management path that neglected more nuanced approaches.","og_url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/","og_site_name":"USC Dornsife News","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uscdornsife","article_published_time":"2021-09-27T19:49:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-29T05:25:04+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1953,"url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3552-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Margaret Crable","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@uscdornsife","twitter_site":"@uscdornsife","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/"},"author":{"name":"Margaret Crable","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/079941d34348eaa3a2f145191f66290c"},"headline":"Big fires demand a big response: How 1910\u2019s Big Burn can help us think smarter about fighting wildfires and living with\u00a0fire","datePublished":"2021-09-27T19:49:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-29T05:25:04+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/"},"wordCount":22,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3552-scaled.jpg","keywords":["history","the conversation","wildfire","william deverell"],"articleSection":["Faculty"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/","url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/","name":"Big fires demand a big response: How 1910\u2019s Big Burn can help us think smarter about fighting wildfires and living with\u00a0fire","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3552-scaled.jpg","datePublished":"2021-09-27T19:49:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-29T05:25:04+00:00","description":"Expensive, militarized fire suppression led the U.S. down a forest management path that neglected more nuanced approaches.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3552-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3552-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1953,"caption":"Big fires demand a big response: How 1910\u2019s Big Burn can help us think smarter about fighting wildfires and living with\u00a0fire"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/big-fires-big-response\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Big fires demand a big response: How 1910\u2019s Big Burn can help us think smarter about fighting wildfires and living with\u00a0fire"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/","name":"USC Dornsife News","description":"USC Dornsife news and events","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#organization","name":"USC Dornsife News","url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/01\/USC-Dornsife-Cardinal-Black-on-White-RGB.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/01\/USC-Dornsife-Cardinal-Black-on-White-RGB.jpg","width":1000,"height":330,"caption":"USC Dornsife News"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uscdornsife","https:\/\/x.com\/uscdornsife","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/uscdornsife\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/USCCollege","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/school\/uscdornsife"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/079941d34348eaa3a2f145191f66290c","name":"Margaret Crable","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6791ff163203ae7627b9daae41a5c65889c50dd161b0f2d259103ec9db9e64e4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6791ff163203ae7627b9daae41a5c65889c50dd161b0f2d259103ec9db9e64e4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Margaret Crable"},"url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/author\/mcrable\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1376","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/52"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1376"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1376\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27176,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1376\/revisions\/27176"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1376"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}