{"id":1312,"date":"2021-10-26T12:36:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-26T19:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/a-quick-guide-to-climate-change-jargon-what-experts-mean-by-mitigation-carbon-neutral-and-6-other-key-terms\/"},"modified":"2026-03-27T21:34:05","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T04:34:05","slug":"guide-to-climate-change-jargon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/guide-to-climate-change-jargon\/","title":{"rendered":"A quick guide to climate change jargon \u2013 what experts mean by mitigation, carbon neutral and 6 other key\u00a0terms"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n                                          \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3568-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/04\/story-3568-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  alt=\"A quick guide to climate change jargon \u2013 what experts mean by mitigation, carbon neutral and 6 other key\u00a0terms\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"image-caption\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  Climate jargon can feel overwhelming. (Illustration: Dennis Lan.)\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=faculty\">Faculty<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>A quick guide to climate change jargon \u2013 what experts mean by mitigation, carbon neutral and 6 other key\u00a0terms<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"subtitle\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  The jargon used to describe climate change can feel overwhelming and confusing to someone who isn&#8217;t a climate scientist.  Here are some common terms translated to plain language. <strong>[6\u00bd min read]<\/strong>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">W\u00e4ndi Bruine de Bruin<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">October 26, 2021<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"Link\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_copy_link\">\n              <svg 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cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>As a major <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-is-cop26-heres-how-global-climate-negotiations-work-and-whats-expected-from-the-glasgow-summit-169434\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.N. climate conference<\/a> gets underway on Oct. 31, 2021, you\u2019ll be hearing a lot of technical terms tossed around: mitigation, carbon neutral, sustainable development. The language can feel overwhelming.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt sounds like you\u2019re talking over people,\u201d one person said of the terminology during a <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10584-021-03183-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent study<\/a> colleagues and I conducted through the <a href=\"https:\/\/publicexchange.usc.edu\/\">USC Dornsife Public Exchange<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Climate reports are often written at a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nclimate2824\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scientific level<\/a>. So we thought it would be helpful to clarify some of the most common terms.<\/p>\n<p>To do that, we interviewed 20 people about common terms used by climate scientists and climate journalists. We then used their feedback to explain those terms in everyday language. With the help of the <a href=\"https:\/\/unfoundation.org\/what-we-do\/issues\/climate-and-energy\/climate-science\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United Nations Foundation<\/a>, we chose eight terms from reports written by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s a guide that may help you to follow the news about climate change. The explanation of each term starts with the technical definition from the IPCC. The text that follows puts it into plain language.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Mitigation<\/h2>\n<p>IPCC definition: Mitigation (of climate change): a human intervention to reduce emissions or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases.<\/p>\n<p>Translation: Stopping climate change from getting worse.<\/p>\n<p>When people talk about \u201cmitigation\u201d they often focus on fossil fuels \u2013 coal, oil and natural gas \u2013 used to make electricity and run cars, buses and planes. Fossil fuels produce greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide. When these gases are released, they linger in the atmosphere. <a href=\"https:\/\/scied.ucar.edu\/learning-zone\/how-climate-works\/greenhouse-effect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">They then trap heat and warm the planet<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Some ways to mitigate climate change include using solar and wind power instead of coal-fired power plants; making buildings, appliances and vehicles more energy efficient so they use less electricity and fuel; and designing cities so people have to drive less. Protecting forests and planting trees also help because trees <a href=\"https:\/\/sgp.fas.org\/crs\/misc\/IF11404.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">absorb greenhouse gases from the atmosphere<\/a> and lock them away.<\/p>\n<div class=\"news-image-full\">\n<figure style=\"width: 708px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/migration-uploads\/WMSC-solar-panels-3568.JPG\" alt=\"\" width=\"708\" height=\"472\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Use of solar power as an alternative to fossil fuels is growing. (Photo: Karl Huggins.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>2. Adaptation<\/h2>\n<p>IPCC definition: In human systems, the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects, in order to moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, the process of adjustment to actual climate and its effects; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate and its effects.<\/p>\n<p>Translation: Making changes to live with the impacts of climate change.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/topics-policy\/projects\/climate-change-evidence-causes\/question-13\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate change is already happening.<\/a> Heat waves, wildfires and floods are getting worse. People will have to find ways to live with these threats. Los Angeles, for example, is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cityplants.org\/our-story\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">planting trees<\/a> to help people stay cooler. Coastal cities like Miami may need <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/a-20-foot-sea-wall-wont-save-miami-how-living-structures-can-help-protect-the-coast-and-keep-the-paradise-vibe-165076\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sea walls<\/a> to protect against floods. More \u201cadaptation\u201d actions will be needed as climate change gets worse.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Carbon dioxide removal<\/h2>\n<p>IPCC definition: Carbon dioxide removal methods refer to processes that <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-we-cant-reverse-climate-change-with-negative-emissions-technologies-103504\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">remove CO2<\/a> from the atmosphere by either increasing biological sinks of CO2 or using chemical processes to directly bind CO2. CDR is classified as a special type of mitigation.<\/p>\n<p>Translation: Taking carbon dioxide out of the air.<\/p>\n<p>The amount of carbon dioxide in the air has been increasing for many years. In 2019, there was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metoffice.gov.uk\/about-us\/press-office\/news\/weather-and-climate\/2021\/2021-carbon-dioxide-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">50% more<\/a> of it than in the late 1700s. <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/planting-trees-must-be-done-with-care-it-can-create-more-problems-than-it-addresses-128259\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Planting trees<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/regenerative-agriculture-can-make-farmers-stewards-of-the-land-again-110570\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">restoring grasslands<\/a> can remove carbon dioxide from the air. There are also carbon dioxide removal technologies that store it underground <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/bendable-concrete-and-other-co2-infused-cement-mixes-could-dramatically-cut-global-emissions-152544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">or in concrete<\/a>, but these are new and not widely used.<\/p>\n<div class=\"news-image-full\">\n<figure style=\"width: 697px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/427157\/original\/file-20211019-22-10mn5ec.jpg\" alt=\"A machine with an intake and tubes behind two men talking.\" width=\"697\" height=\"523\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Washington Gov. Jay Inslee discusses equipment that can remove carbon dioxide from the air. (Gov. Jay Inslee\/Flickr, CC BY-SA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>4. Carbon neutral<\/h2>\n<p>IPCC definition: Carbon neutrality is achieved when anthropogenic CO2 emissions are balanced globally by anthropogenic carbon dioxide removals over a specified period. Carbon neutrality is also referred to as net-zero carbon dioxide emission.<\/p>\n<p>Translation: Adding no net carbon dioxide into the air. This does not have to mean that you can\u2019t add any carbon dioxide. It means that if you do add carbon dioxide into the air you take out the same amount.<\/p>\n<p>The IPCC warns that the world needs to be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/2018\/10\/08\/summary-for-policymakers-of-ipcc-special-report-on-global-warming-of-1-5c-approved-by-governments\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">carbon neutral by 2050<\/a> to avoid a serious climate crisis. This means using both \u201cmitigation\u201d to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide added to the air and \u201ccarbon dioxide removal\u201d to take carbon dioxide out of the air.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Tipping point<\/h2>\n<p>IPCC definition: A level of change in system properties beyond which a system reorganizes, often abruptly, and does not return to the initial state even if the drivers of the change are abated. For the climate system, it refers to a critical threshold when global or regional climate changes from one stable state to another stable state.<\/p>\n<p>Translation: When it is too late to stop effects of climate change.<\/p>\n<p>One of the most talked-about tipping points involves the collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet. Some research suggests it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.abd7254\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">may have already started happening<\/a>. West Antarctica alone holds enough ice to raise sea levels worldwide by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/guest-post-how-close-is-the-west-antarctic-ice-sheet-to-a-tipping-point\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about 11 feet<\/a> (3.3 meters). If all glaciers and ice caps melt, sea levels will end up rising about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/faqs\/how-would-sea-level-change-if-all-glaciers-melted?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">230 feet<\/a> (70 meters).<\/p>\n<div class=\"video-embed\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sXOi1MR0-Yw?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Verdana, sans-serif; margin: 0.8em 0;\">\n<h2>6. Unprecedented transition<\/h2>\n<p>IPCC definition for \u201ctransition\u201d: The process of changing from one state or condition to another in a given period of time. Transition can be in individuals, firms, cities, regions and nations and can be based on incremental or transformative change.<\/p>\n<p>Translation: Making big changes together to stop climate change \u2013 in a way that has not been seen before.<\/p>\n<p>In 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/process-and-meetings\/the-paris-agreement\/the-paris-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">countries around the world agreed<\/a> to try to keep the planet from warming more than 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 F). Among the <a href=\"https:\/\/ar5-syr.ipcc.ch\/ipcc\/sites\/default\/files\/AR5_SYR_Figure_1.7.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">biggest sources of global warming<\/a> are coal-fired power plants. Quickly shifting the world to renewable energy, such as wind and solar power, would be an unprecedented transition. Without big changes, climate change could make the world unlivable.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Sustainable development<\/h2>\n<p>IPCC definition: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs and balances social, economic and environmental concerns.<\/p>\n<p>Translation: Living in a way that is good for people alive today and for people in the future.<\/p>\n<p>The United Nations has shared <a href=\"https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201csustainable development goals.\u201d<\/a> These goals aim to help countries grow in ways that are healthy for both people and the environment. Producing more carbon dioxide than the planet can manage is an example of unsustainable development that\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">causing climate change<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"news-image-full\">\n<figure style=\"width: 690px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/427158\/original\/file-20211019-18-fkodu7.gif\" alt=\"A chart of CO2 concentrations based on ice core reconstructions and modern observations\" width=\"690\" height=\"458\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Levels of carbon dioxide in the air have risen quickly over the past 70 years. (Illustration: NOAA.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>8. Abrupt change<\/h2>\n<p>IPCC definition: Abrupt climate change refers to a large-scale change in the climate system that takes place over a few decades or less, persists (or is anticipated to persist) for at least a few decades and causes substantial disruptions in human and natural systems.<\/p>\n<p>Translation: A change in climate that happens much faster than it normally would.<\/p>\n<p>Our world is changing quickly as a result of climate change. Wildfires are raging in parts of the Western U.S. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/118\/22\/e2009717118\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">that were once too wet to burn<\/a>. Coral reefs are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.org\/resources\/issues-briefs\/coral-reefs-and-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dying as the ocean is getting warmer<\/a>. These changes would not have happened so quickly \u2013 or at all \u2013 were it not for climate change.<\/p>\n<p><em>Lance Ignon, a former communications adviser for the IPCC and now senior associate dean for strategic initiatives and communication at USC Dornsife and a co-author of the paper with <a href=\"https:\/\/priceschool.usc.edu\/people\/wandi-bruine-de-bruin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">W\u00e4ndi Bruine de Bruin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/cesr.usc.edu\/people\/staff\/lilarabi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lila Rabinovich<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/kate-weber\/\">Kate Weber<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/publicexchange.usc.edu\/about-us\/\">Marianna Babboni<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/unfoundation.org\/author\/monica-dean\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monica Dean<\/a>, contributed to this article.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[<em>Get our best science, health and technology stories.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/us\/newsletters\/science-editors-picks-71\/?utm_source=TCUS&amp;utm_medium=inline-link&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter-text&amp;utm_content=science-best\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sign up for The Conversation\u2019s science newsletter<\/a>.]<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/167172\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/wandi-bruine-de-bruin-275600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">W\u00e4ndi Bruine de Bruin<\/a>, Provost Professor of Public Policy, Psychology and Behavioral Science, USC Price School of Public Policy, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/usc-dornsife-college-of-letters-arts-and-sciences-2669\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/a-quick-guide-to-climate-change-jargon-what-experts-mean-by-mitigation-carbon-neutral-and-6-other-key-terms-167172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/how-climate-finance-to-help-poor-countries-became-a-global-shell-game-donors-have-counted-fossil-fuel-projects-airports-and-even-ice-cream-shops\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >How climate finance to help poor countries became a global shell game<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/two-iconic-coral-species-are-now-functionally-extinct-off-florida-study-finds\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >2 iconic coral species are now functionally extinct off Florida, study finds \u2013 we witnessed the reef\u2019s bleaching and\u00a0devastation<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/trumps-words-arent-stopping-many-countries-from-setting-higher-climate-goals\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Trump\u2019s words aren\u2019t stopping China, Brazil and many other countries from setting higher climate goals, but progress is\u00a0slow<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The jargon used to describe climate change can feel overwhelming and confusing to someone who isn&#8217;t a climate scientist.  Here are some common terms translated to plain language. <strong>[6\u00bd min read]<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":1315,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,15],"tags":[66,112,80,341,83],"class_list":["post-1312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faculty","category-sustainability","tag-climate-change","tag-psychology","tag-public-exchange","tag-sustainable-development","tag-the-conversation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A quick guide to climate change jargon \u2013 what experts mean by mitigation, carbon neutral and 6 other key\u00a0terms<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Here are some common climate change terms translated to plain language.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/guide-to-climate-change-jargon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A quick guide to climate change jargon \u2013 what experts mean by mitigation, carbon neutral and 6 other key\u00a0terms\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Here are some common climate change terms translated to plain language.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/guide-to-climate-change-jargon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"USC Dornsife News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uscdornsife\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-10-26T19:36:00+00:00\" 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