{"id":10831,"date":"2011-12-19T14:25:00","date_gmt":"2011-12-19T22:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/surprising-results-in-usc-study-of-twins\/"},"modified":"2023-04-19T11:20:28","modified_gmt":"2023-04-19T18:20:28","slug":"surprising-results-in-usc-study-of-twins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/surprising-results-in-usc-study-of-twins\/","title":{"rendered":"Surprising Results in USC Study of Twins"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n            \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n  \n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\">News<\/a><\/li>\n                      <li><a href=\"\/news\/stories\/\/?category=faculty\">Faculty<\/a><\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      <\/nav>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>Surprising Results in USC Study of Twins<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n    \n           <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span><a href=\"mailto:communication@dornsife.usc.edu\">Eddie North-Hager<\/a><\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">December 19, 2011<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" 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visually-hidden\">Email<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                  <\/span>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n  \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Older female cancer survivors are significantly more likely to suffer  from long-term cognitive impairment after diagnosis and treatment  compared to their twin sibling with no history of cancer, a USC study  found.<\/p>\n<p>The risk was higher among survivors of gynecologic cancers and those  who had treatments directly or potentially affecting ovarian  functioning, according to the study published in <em>The Journals of Gerontology<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Findings suggested localized treatments that affect  estrogen-producing areas may be associated with serious impairment of  memory and thinking in older women, according to co-author Margaret  Gatz.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;This is not the result we expected,&rdquo; said Gatz, professor of  psychology, gerontology and preventive medicine in USC Dornsife, and co-author of the study. &ldquo;We  expected chemotherapy would have a larger effect. This surprised us  deeply. The results showed that either surgery, radiation or pelvic  cancer itself accounts for the increased risk of cognitive impairment.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>The study defined cognitive impairment as having significant problems  in memory (such as not being able to remember three words over a short  delay) and thinking (such as not being able to explain similarities and  differences between pairs of common items), to the extent that the  problems affected the management of daily life.<\/p>\n<p>The association was strongest in women whose cancer treatment  affected the pelvic area, resulted in ovary removal and\/or when  radiation was used in the pelvic area. Since most of the women in the  study were past menopause, the effect on estrogen production was not as  dramatic, but cognition impairment nonetheless was significant.<\/p>\n<p>The study seems to confirm that estrogen, even in older women, is important, Gatz said.<\/p>\n<p>The next hypothesis to be studied by lead author and USC graduate  student Keiko Kurita for her dissertation is the role of ovaries, which  produce estrogen, in cognitive performance.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;When we found that female, but not male, cancer survivors were at an  increased risk for cognitive impairment compared to their co-twins, we  were eager to uncover the reasons that might explain this,&rdquo; said Kurita,  who is advised by Gatz and Beth Meyerowitz, a USC psychology professor  who is corresponding author of the study. &ldquo;On my dissertation project,  we will be examining the possible relation between cognitive functioning  and ovarian removal, a research question that grew directly from the  findings that we have just published.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>The study reviewed more than 400 pairs of twins who participated in  cognitive screening at least three years after one had ended cancer  treatment.<\/p>\n<p>Gatz, who is chair of  USC Dornsife&rsquo;s psychology department and a  foreign adjunct professor with the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm,  Sweden, is one of the few researchers with access to the Swedish Twin  Registry, the largest comprehensive twin registry in the world. The  registry is a set of records on same-sex twins born between 1886 and  1925.<\/p>\n<p>Studying twins from a statistical standpoint mitigates genetic or  early childhood causes of both cancer and cognitive deficits because  twins usually possess similar genetic and early environmental  influences. The comparison with cancer-free twins means the increased  dysfunction cannot solely be attributed to the normal aging process.<\/p>\n<p>Cognitive effects on the twins were evaluated using a standardized  interview that evaluated mental status. The study was designed to rule  out the short-term side effects of cancer treatment by separating the  cognitive tests and the end of treatment by at least three years.<\/p>\n<p>Per Hall of the Karolinska Institutet also was a co-author.<\/p>\n<p>In a 2005 study, Gatz, Meyerowitz, Hall, and USC doctoral student  Lara Heflin found long-term cancer survivors over age 65 were twice as  likely to develop cognitive problems as individuals who never had been  diagnosed with cancer. The study did not suggest a cause for the  cognitive problems in cancer survivors.<\/p>\n<p>Funding for the research came from the National Cancer Institute and  the National Institute on Aging, both based at the National Institutes  of Health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":10834,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[81,1683,96,112,95],"class_list":["post-10831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faculty","tag-cancer","tag-margaret-gatz","tag-natural-sciences","tag-psychology","tag-social-sciences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Surprising Results in USC Study of 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