{"id":10827,"date":"2011-12-16T09:25:00","date_gmt":"2011-12-16T17:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/usc-scientists-find-missing-link-in-regulation-of-glucose\/"},"modified":"2023-04-19T11:20:28","modified_gmt":"2023-04-19T18:20:28","slug":"usc-scientists-find-missing-link-in-regulation-of-glucose","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/news\/stories\/usc-scientists-find-missing-link-in-regulation-of-glucose\/","title":{"rendered":"USC Scientists Find Missing Link in Regulation of Glucose"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n    \n            \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n  \n  \n  <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\n          <nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n        <ul>\n                      <li><a 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class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Email<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                  <\/span>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n  \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>A team led by USC neuroscientist Alan Watts identified for the first  time a biochemical signal that helps regulate the amount of glucose in  the blood.<\/p>\n<p>A better understanding of the way the body naturally deals with  incorrect levels of glucose could lay the foundation for better  treatments for Type 1 diabetes&nbsp;&mdash; which occurs when a person is unable to  produce the glucose-regulating hormone, insulin.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;There&rsquo;s a lot of interest in the field to determine how the brain  detects and reacts to changes in blood glucose,&rdquo; said Watts, professor  of neurobiology in USC Dornsife.<\/p>\n<p>Watts and his team discovered that enzymes known as mitogen-activated  protein kinases form a critical link between changes in blood glucose  levels, certain neurons in the hypothalamus and the release of  glucose-controlling hormones.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;Nobody has shown that before,&rdquo; Watts said.<\/p>\n<p>Understanding, in detail, the way in which these neurons make  necessary adjustments to blood glucose levels will provide important new  insights into the complications of Type 1 diabetes, Watts said.<\/p>\n<p>Currently, the way that Type 1 patients can cope with hyperglycemia  (too much glucose in the blood) is by giving themselves insulin shots.  Insulin moves glucose out of the bloodstream and locks it up as glycogen  in liver and muscle tissue. The problem, Watts said, is that the  insulin therapy itself can sometimes be problematic, resulting in  hypoglycemia (too little glucose in the blood) and even further  complications.<\/p>\n<p>There has to be a better way, Watts said.<\/p>\n<p>To explore the way the body normally balances between hyper- and  hypoglycemia, Watts and his team studied neurons in the brains of rats.<\/p>\n<p>Neurons use electrical impulses and neurochemicals to communicate  within the nervous system. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons  in the hypothalamus &mdash; a part of the brain that connects the nervous  system to the hormone-secreting endocrine system &mdash; are &ldquo;the head of the  mammalian stress response,&rdquo; Watts said. &ldquo;They drive the release of  glucocorticoid, which is a critical hormone for maintaining normal blood  glucose.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>So when glucose levels in the blood fall (a form of stress), the  brain sends signals to the CRH neurons telling them to release  glucocorticoid to help compensate.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;These neurons receive inputs from many parts of the brain,&rdquo; Watts  said, &ldquo;but a single set of inputs from the hindbrain appears critical  for driving CRH neurons during hypoglyclemia. The lower the blood  glucose, the stronger the stress, so they release more hormones.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>Watts&rsquo; article appears in the Dec. 14 issue of <em>The Journal of Neuroscience<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>He collaborated with lead author Arshad Khan, and Kim Kaminski and  Graciela Sanchez-Watts &mdash; who were all members of his lab at the time the  research was performed &mdash; as well as Todd A. Ponzio of the National  Institutes of Health.<\/p>\n<p>The team also worked with J. Brent Kuzmiski and Jaideep S. Bains of  the University of Calgary, who performed the crucial electrophysiology  work using techniques to track the electrical activity of specific  neurons.<\/p>\n<p>The National Institutes of Health, the Juvenile Diabetes Research  Foundation and the Canadian Institutes for Health Research funded the  study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":10830,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[1453,96,745,106],"class_list":["post-10827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faculty","tag-alan-watts","tag-natural-sciences","tag-neurobiology","tag-neuroscience"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>USC 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