{"id":515,"date":"2023-08-18T12:19:27","date_gmt":"2023-08-18T19:19:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/?page_id=515"},"modified":"2023-09-18T12:30:34","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T19:30:34","slug":"current-in-a-magnetic-field","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/current-in-a-magnetic-field\/","title":{"rendered":"Current in a Magnetic Field"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n                \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--accordions \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--accordions\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  \n      <ul>\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-1-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-controls=\"section-1-1-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">EM.6(1) &#8211; An Estimate by a Spring Balance<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-1-2HWJP4fl9O\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-1-2HWJP4fl9O\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>A few loops or wire shaped as a triangle hang from a large spring balance. The base of the triangular loops are placed crossing the strong magnetic field of a horse-shoe magnet. A DC power supply is connected to the triangular loops (a lecture ammeter ca also be added to the circuit). The demonstration shows that the force on a current-carrying wire in a given magnetic field varies with the current&#8217;s magnitude and direction. A switch added to the circuit shows that the direction of the force on the loops change when the direction of the current changes.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-519 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_1.jpg\" alt=\"An Estimate by a Spring Balance\" width=\"270\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_1.jpg 270w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_1-250x300.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-2-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-controls=\"section-1-2-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">EM.6(2) &#8211; Mechanical Effects on a Wire<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-2-2HWJP4fl9O\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-2-2HWJP4fl9O\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>A long copper wire is suspended vertically by rubber bands in a tall stand (rubber bands hold the wire on both ends). The wire is connected to both poles of a DC power supply. A support at mid-height on the stand holds a U-shaped magnet, such that the wire is perpendicular to the magnetic fields of force. When a direct current moves up or down the wire, it deflects to the sides, depending on the magnet&#8217;s poles orientation. The wire&#8217;s deflection is about 2 cm to each side.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-520 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_3a.jpg\" alt=\"Mechanical Effects on a Wire\" width=\"280\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_3a.jpg 280w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_3a-259x300.jpg 259w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-521 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_3b.jpg\" alt=\"Mechanical Effects on a Wire\" width=\"360\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_3b.jpg 360w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_3b-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_3b-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_3b-320x320.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>NOTE<\/strong>: This demonstration produces a small effect that makes it difficult for students to see the effect clearly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-3-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-controls=\"section-1-3-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">EM.6(3) &#8211; DC Electrical Motor<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-3-2HWJP4fl9O\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-3-2HWJP4fl9O\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>This demo shows the basic principles of electric motors. It demonstrates the conversion of the electrical energy into rotary motion as well as the production of electrical energy from rotary motion. It consists of an armature mounted between the ends of two permanent bar magnets. The electric motor is about 40cm high, 50cm long and 15cm wide. It has a simple design and bright colors for an effective and clear demonstration.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-522 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_4.jpg\" alt=\"DC Electrical Motor\" width=\"288\" height=\"194\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>NOTE<\/strong>: Power supply connects to the lower terminal on the each side; red coil to + and green coil to \u2013 terminal respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-4-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-controls=\"section-1-4-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">EM.6(4) &#8211; Conducting Rails<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-4-2HWJP4fl9O\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-4-2HWJP4fl9O\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Two parallel conducting rails about 30 cm long are fastened onto a board. A conducting axle-and-wheels assembly is free to roll along the rails. The rails are placed in a strong vertical magnetic field and connected to a battery. When a current flows, the axle-and-wheels experiences a force and rolls. If the direction of the current is reversed, the axle-and-wheels rolls in the opposite direction.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-523 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_5.jpg\" alt=\"Conducting Rails\" width=\"360\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_5.jpg 360w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_5-300x186.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-5-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-controls=\"section-1-5-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">EM.6(5) &#8211; Light Bulbs<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-5-2HWJP4fl9O\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-5-2HWJP4fl9O\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>A bar magnet deflects the large curly filament of a light bulb connected to a DC power supply. If the bulb is connected to an AC voltage, the filament vibrates strongly.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-524 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_6a.jpg\" alt=\"Light Bulbs\" width=\"225\" height=\"288\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-525 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_6b.jpg\" alt=\"Light Bulbs\" width=\"222\" height=\"288\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-6-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-controls=\"section-1-6-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">EM.6(6a) &#8211; Electromagnetic Swing<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-6-2HWJP4fl9O\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-6-2HWJP4fl9O\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>An U-shaped wire is set swinging between the poles of a strong horse-shoe magnet. The swing is connected to the poles of a 12 V battery. When the current is allowed to pass through the wire, it jumps out of the region between the poles. You can use a switch or just keep the circuit open and touch each pole to show the effect.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-526 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/em7_7.jpg\" alt=\"Electromagnetic Swing\" width=\"288\" height=\"236\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>NOTE<\/strong>: Don\u2019t apply more than 2 Volts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-7-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-controls=\"section-1-7-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">EM.6 (6b) EM Swing <\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-7-2HWJP4fl9O\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-7-2HWJP4fl9O\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>The purpose of this experiment is to measure the Lorentz force on a current-carrying copper wire subjected to a static magnetic field. The current-carrying wire is positioned horizontally and suspended by two vertical wires. The vertical poles attached to the apparatus above and below the horizontal wire provide the static magnetic field. Once the DC voltage is applied, the horizontal wire will project outwards away from the magnetic field due to the Lorentz force. The magnitude of the Lorentz force is proportional to the angle of deflection and therefore can be examined as a function of applied voltage or strength of the static magnetic field. In order to vary the magnetic field strength simply twist the vertical poles until the desire position is reached. High voltage is not required, approximately 0.1-0.3V is sufficient. For enhanced swinging apply voltage quickly and\/or increase static magnetic field by adding bar magnets to vertical poles.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-516 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/clip_image002_000.jpg\" alt=\"EM Swing\" width=\"394\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/clip_image002_000.jpg 394w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/clip_image002_000-300x203.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Click <a href=\"\/lecture-support-lab\/em-swing\/\">here<\/a> to see a video of this demo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-8-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-controls=\"section-1-8-2HWJP4fl9O\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">EM.6(7) &#8211; Electron Motion in a Uniform Magnetic Field<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-8-2HWJP4fl9O\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-8-2HWJP4fl9O\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>This apparatus allows students to clearly observe the effects of electric and magnetic fields on an electron stream. A horizontal beam of electrons perpendicular to the magnetic field is deflected into a circular path. It displays a brightly colored glowing beam. The apparatus allows one to measure the diameter of the circular path corresponding to the applied voltage and deflecting field. The large orbital electron path is circular and Helmholtz coils are integrated. The beam has a built-in engraved glass rod with a scale along the central axis.<\/p>\n<p>Specifications:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Vacuum Tube:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 130mm diameter<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Helium gas<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Integrated phosphor scale<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Helmholtz Coil:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 300mm diameter<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 1mm wire 130 turns<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Two parallel mounted coils with variable resistors to adjust current<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Anode: 200-500V<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Heater: 6.3V\/1A<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Helmholtz coil: 12V DC\/2A<\/p>\n<p>Dimensions:<\/p>\n<p>370mm x 255mm x 388mm (L x W x H)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-517 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/EM.67a.jpg\" alt=\"Electron Motion in a Uniform Magnetic Field\" width=\"412\" height=\"617\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/EM.67a.jpg 412w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/EM.67a-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 412px) 100vw, 412px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-518 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/EM.67b.jpg\" alt=\"Electron Motion in a Uniform Magnetic Field\" width=\"590\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/EM.67b.jpg 590w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/280\/2023\/08\/EM.67b-300x189.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n          <\/ul>\n  \n  \n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n  \n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--two-column-ctas \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--two-column-ctas\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      <div class=\"group\">\n\n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Back to Electromagnetics\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      \n              <ul>\n                      <li>\n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--link\">\n\n    \n    \n  \n<a \n  class=\"link\"\n  href= https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/electromagnetics\/\n    aria-label=\"Read more about Electromagnetics\"  \n>\n    Electromagnetics \n  <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 35 35\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 35 35\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><polygon fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" fill=\"#000\" points=\"19.3,27.5 29.3,17.5,19.3,7.5 16.3,10.4 21.4,15.4 6.7,15.4 6.7,19.6 21.4,19.6 16.3,24.6 \"\/><\/svg>\n<\/a>\n\n\n<\/div>\n            <\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      \n    <\/div>\n      <div class=\"group\">\n\n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Back to Electromagnetism\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      \n              <ul>\n                      <li>\n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--link\">\n\n    \n    \n  \n<a \n  class=\"link\"\n  href= https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/lecture-support-lab\/electromagnetism\/\n    aria-label=\"Read more about Electromagnetism\"  \n>\n    Electromagnetism \n  <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 35 35\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 35 35\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><polygon fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" fill=\"#000\" points=\"19.3,27.5 29.3,17.5,19.3,7.5 16.3,10.4 21.4,15.4 6.7,15.4 6.7,19.6 21.4,19.6 16.3,24.6 \"\/><\/svg>\n<\/a>\n\n\n<\/div>\n            <\/li>\n                  <\/ul>\n      \n    <\/div>\n  \n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--spacer \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--spacer\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":354,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-content-detail.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-515","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - 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