{"id":250,"date":"2023-06-13T13:04:44","date_gmt":"2023-06-13T20:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/live-usc-dornsife.pantheonsite.io\/larry-goldstein\/?page_id=250"},"modified":"2023-10-27T14:14:14","modified_gmt":"2023-10-27T21:14:14","slug":"introduction-to-steins-method","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/larry-goldstein\/introduction-to-steins-method\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction to Stein&#8217;s Method"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>The calculation of precise probabilities in statistics, computer science, physics and biology under realistic model assumptions and sample sizes is often impractical, and approximation is typically required. Having a bound on the error of commonly used approximations is therefore necessary in many real applications. Stein&#8217;s method has proved itself to be a powerful tool in such situations.<\/p>\n<p>The course will cover the fundamentals of Stein&#8217;s method, starting with the Poisson and Normal distributions to illustrate the construction of the Stein equation and the derivation of the properties required on its solution. A number of coupling methods for use in the Stein equation will be presented, as well as it use in cases of local dependence. In addition to the basic case of independence, a sampling of potential applications in the Poisson case includes head runs, sequence matching, the birthday and occupancy problems, the Poisson subset numbers, extreme score distributions, and statistics of random graphs, and in the Normal case hierarchical sequences, the combinatorial central limit theorem, simple random sampling, occurrences of patterns in permutations and graphs, coverage processes, the anti-voter model, cone measure projections, and the lightbulb process. Multivariate normal approximation will also be covered, and, time permitting, additional applications of Stein&#8217;s method to the Beta, Geometric, Exponential and other distributions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The level and detailed content of the course will be determined along with the students according to their background and interests.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Prerequisite:<\/strong>\u00a0At least one advanced course in probability.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Instructors:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/larry-goldstein\/\">Larry Goldstein<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pluto.huji.ac.il\/~rinott\/index.html\">Yosi Rinott<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Students will find themselves better prepared for the course by reading the following introductory papers by\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.stats.ox.ac.uk\/~reinert\/talks\/steinintroduction.pdf\">Reinert<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.stat-d.si\/mz\/mz21\/raic.pdf\">Raic<\/a>, and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ams.org\/mathscinet\/search\/publdoc.html?arg3=&amp;co4=AND&amp;co5=AND&amp;co6=AND&amp;co7=AND&amp;dr=all&amp;pg4=AUCN&amp;pg5=AUCN&amp;pg6=TI&amp;pg7=ALLF&amp;pg8=ET&amp;review_format=html&amp;s4=rinott&amp;s5=rotar&amp;s6=&amp;s7=&amp;s8=All&amp;vfpref=html&amp;yearRangeFirst=&amp;yearRangeSecond=&amp;yrop=eq&amp;r=3&amp;mx-pid=1780090\">Rinott and Rotar<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www2.ims.nus.edu.sg\/imprints\/interviews\/CharlesStein.pdf\">Interview<\/a>\u00a0with Charles Stein<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/larry-goldstein\/stein-notes-chapters\/\">Course Notes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <h5>Structure and Evaluation<\/h5>\n<p>Lectures, Monday through Saturday mornings, 9:45-10:45, 11:00-12:00, Problem Sessions Monday through Friday 3-5:15 PM<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Midterm, 30% Tuesday July 9th, afternoon session.<\/li>\n<li>Final Exam, 45% Wednesday July 17th, to be discussed Thurday July 18th<\/li>\n<li>Homework and course participation, 25%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <h5>Main Materials<\/h5>\n<p>Fundamentals of Stein&#8217;s Method<br \/>\nRoss, N.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1109.1880\">http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1109.1880<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Normal Approximation by Stein&#8217;s Method<br \/>\nChen, L., Goldstein, L., and Shao, Q.M.<br \/>\nSpringer Verlag, 2010 [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/mathematics\/probability\/book\/978-3-642-15006-7?cm_mmc=EVENT-_-BookAuthorEmail-_-&amp;uid=18177462\">Springer Link<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Poisson Approximation<br \/>\nBarbour, A.D., Holst, L., and Janson, S.<br \/>\nOxford Science Publications, 1992<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ams.org\/mathscinet\/search\/publdoc.html?arg3=&amp;co4=AND&amp;co5=AND&amp;co6=AND&amp;co7=AND&amp;dr=all&amp;pg4=AUCN&amp;pg5=AUCN&amp;pg6=PC&amp;pg7=ALLF&amp;pg8=ET&amp;review_format=html&amp;s4=barbour&amp;s5=holst&amp;s6=&amp;s7=&amp;s8=All&amp;vfpref=html&amp;yearRangeFirst=&amp;yearRangeSecond=&amp;yrop=eq&amp;r=1&amp;mx-pid=1163825\">MR1163825 (93g:60043)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <h5>Additional References<\/h5>\n<p>Two Moments Suffice for Poisson Approximations: The Chen-Stein Method<br \/>\nArratia, R., Goldstein, L., and Gordon, L.<br \/>\nThe Annals of Probability, Vol. 17, No. 1. (Jan., 1989), pp. 9-25<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ams.org\/mathscinet\/search\/publdoc.html?arg3=&amp;co4=AND&amp;co5=AND&amp;co6=AND&amp;co7=AND&amp;dr=all&amp;pg4=AUCN&amp;pg5=AUCN&amp;pg6=PC&amp;pg7=ALLF&amp;pg8=ET&amp;review_format=html&amp;s4=barbour&amp;s5=holst&amp;s6=&amp;s7=&amp;s8=All&amp;vfpref=html&amp;yearRangeFirst=&amp;yearRangeSecond=&amp;yrop=eq&amp;r=1&amp;mx-pid=1163825\">MR0972770 (90b:60021)<\/a>\u00a0[<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/larry-goldstein\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/221\/2023\/06\/AGG.pdf\">pdf<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Poisson Approximation and the Chen-Stein Method<br \/>\nArratia; R., Goldstein, L. and Gordon, L.<br \/>\nStatistical Science, Vol. 5, No. 4. (Nov., 1990), pp. 403-424.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ams.org\/mathscinet\/search\/publdoc.html?arg3=&amp;co4=AND&amp;co5=AND&amp;co6=AND&amp;co7=AND&amp;dr=all&amp;pg4=AUCN&amp;pg5=AUCN&amp;pg6=PC&amp;pg7=ALLF&amp;pg8=ET&amp;review_format=html&amp;s4=arratia&amp;s5=goldstein&amp;s6=&amp;s7=&amp;s8=All&amp;vfpref=html&amp;yearRangeFirst=&amp;yearRangeSecond=&amp;yrop=eq&amp;r=2&amp;mx-pid=1092983\">MR1092983 (92e:62036)<\/a>\u00a0[<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/larry-goldstein\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/221\/2023\/06\/pacs.pdf\">pdf<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Approximations to profile score distributions.<br \/>\nGoldstein, L. and Waterman, M.<br \/>\nJournal of Computational Biology, vol. 1, No. 1 (1994), pp. 93-104.<br \/>\n[<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/larry-goldstein\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/221\/2023\/06\/profile.pdf\">pdf<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Total Variation Distance for Poisson Subset Numbers<br \/>\nGoldstein, L, and Reinert, G.<br \/>\nAnnals of Combinatorics (2006), vol 10, pp. 333&#8211;341<br \/>\n[<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/larry-goldstein\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/221\/2023\/06\/poisson_subset.pdf\">pdf<\/a>][<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s00026-006-0291-9\">Springer<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>On coupling constructions and rates in the CLT for dependent summands with applications to the antivoter model and weighted U-statistics.<br \/>\nRinott, Y., Rotar, V.<br \/>\nAnn. Appl. Probab. 7 (1997), no. 4, 1080\u20131105.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ams.org\/mathscinet\/search\/publdoc.html?arg3=&amp;co4=AND&amp;co5=AND&amp;co6=AND&amp;co7=AND&amp;dr=all&amp;pg4=AUCN&amp;pg5=AUCN&amp;pg6=TI&amp;pg7=ALLF&amp;pg8=ET&amp;review_format=html&amp;s4=rotar&amp;s5=rinott&amp;s6=&amp;s7=&amp;s8=All&amp;vfpref=html&amp;yearRangeFirst=&amp;yearRangeSecond=&amp;yrop=eq&amp;r=6&amp;mx-pid=1484798\">MR1484798<\/a>\u00a0[<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/larry-goldstein\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/221\/2023\/06\/antivoter.pdf\">pdf<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Multivariate normal approximations by Stein&#8217;s method and size bias couplings.<br \/>\nGoldstein, L, and Rinott, Y.<br \/>\nJ. Appl. Probab. (1996), vol 33, pp. 1\u201317.<br \/>\n[<a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/math\/0510586\">arxiv:math\/0510586<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>A Permutation Test for Matching<br \/>\nGoldstein, L. and Rinott, Y.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ams.org\/msnmain?fn=305&amp;pg1=CN&amp;s1=Metron&amp;v1=Metron\">Metron<\/a>\u00a0vol 61, (2003),\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ams.org\/msnmain?fn=130&amp;pg1=ISSI&amp;s1=218387&amp;v1=Metron%2E%20Rivista%20Internazionale%20di%20Statistica%20%5B%2061%20%282003%29%2C%20no%2E%203%5D\">no. 3<\/a>, pp. 375-388 (2004).<br \/>\n[<a href=\"https:\/\/uscdornsife.usc.edu\/wp-assets\/221\/perm81.dvi\">dvi<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/larry-goldstein\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/221\/2023\/06\/perm81.pdf\">pdf<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/uscdornsife.usc.edu\/wp-assets\/221\/perm81.ps\">ps<\/a>][<a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/math\/0511427\">arxiv:math\/0511427<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Normal approximation for coverage models over binomial point processes<br \/>\nGoldstein, L., and Penrose, M. D.<br \/>\nAnnals of Applied Probability (2010), vol 20, pp. 696-721.<br \/>\n[<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/larry-goldstein\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/221\/2023\/06\/cov.pdf\">pdf<\/a>][<a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/0812.3084\">arXiv:0812.3084<\/a>][<a href=\"http:\/\/projecteuclid.org\/DPubS?service=UI&amp;version=1.0&amp;verb=Display&amp;handle=euclid.aoap\/1268143437\">project Euclid<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>On The Number of Pure Strategy Nash Equilibria in Random Games<br \/>\nRinott, Y. and Scarsini, M. (2000)<br \/>\nGames and Economic Behavior 33, 274-293.<br \/>\n[<a href=\"http:\/\/pluto.huji.ac.il\/~rinott\/publications\/NashRS.pdf\">pdf<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>A multivariate CLT for local dependence with n^-1\/2 log n rate.<br \/>\nRinott, Y. and Rotar, V. (1997).<br \/>\nJ. Multivariate analysis 56 (1996) 333-350<br \/>\n[<a href=\"http:\/\/pluto.huji.ac.il\/~rinott\/publications\/RinottRotar96.pdf\">pdf<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Some examples of Normal approximations by Stein&#8217;s method.<br \/>\nDembo, A. and Rinott Y. (1996).<br \/>\nIn Random Discrete Structures, IMA volume 76, 25-44. Aldous, D. and Pemantle, R. Eds., Springer-verlag.<br \/>\n[<a href=\"http:\/\/pluto.huji.ac.il\/~rinott\/publications\/amir.pdf\">pdf<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>A normal approximations for the number of local maxima of a random function on a graph.<br \/>\nBaldi, P., Rinott, Y. and Stein, C. (1989).<br \/>\nProbability, Statistics and Mathematics, Papers in Honor of Samuel Karlin. T. W. Anderson, K.B. Athreya and D. L. Iglehart eds., Academic Press, 59-81.<br \/>\n[<a href=\"http:\/\/pluto.huji.ac.il\/~rinott\/publications\/BaldiRinottStein.pdf\">pdf<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>On normal approximations of distributions in terms of dependency graphs.<br \/>\nBaldi, P. and Rinott, Y. (1989)<br \/>\nAnnals of Probability 17, 1646-1650.<br \/>\n[<a href=\"http:\/\/pluto.huji.ac.il\/~rinott\/publications\/BaldiRinottAnProb.pdf\">pdf<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Asymptotic normality of some graph related statistics<br \/>\nBaldi, P. and Rinott, Y. (1989)<br \/>\nJ. Applied Probability, 26, 171-175.<br \/>\n[<a href=\"http:\/\/pluto.huji.ac.il\/~rinott\/publications\/BaldiRinottMoments.pdf\">pdf<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>On normal approximation rates for certain sums of dependent random variables.<br \/>\nRinott, Y. (1994).<br \/>\nJ. Computational and Applied Math. 55 135&#8211;143<br \/>\n[<a href=\"http:\/\/pluto.huji.ac.il\/~rinott\/publications\/Rinott94.pdf\">pdf<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>A Probabilistic Proof of the Lindeberg-Feller Central Limit Theorem<br \/>\nGoldstein, L.<br \/>\nAmerican Mathematical Monthly (2009), vol 116, pp. 45&#8211;60<br \/>\n[<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/larry-goldstein\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/221\/2023\/06\/lin.pdf\">pdf<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Bounds on the Constant in the Mean Central Limit Theorem<br \/>\nGoldstein, L.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.imstat.org\/aop\/\">Annals of Probability<\/a>\u00a0(2010), vol 38, pp. 1672-1689.<br \/>\n[<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/larry-goldstein\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/221\/2023\/06\/3pt.pdf\">pdf<\/a>][<a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/0906.5145\">arXiv:0906.5145<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Degree asymptotics with rates for preferential attachment random graphs<br \/>\nPek\u00f6z, E., R\u00f6llin, A., and Ross, Nathan R.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1108.5236\">http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1108.5236<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.stat.berkeley.edu\/~sourav\/stat206Afall07.html\">Notes of a Course in Stein&#8217;s Method<\/a>\u00a0given by Sourav Chatterjee at Berkeley<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Publication pages of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/larry-goldstein\/\">Larry Goldstein<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pluto.huji.ac.il\/~rinott\/publications.html\">Yosi Rinott<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":370,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-250","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - 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