{"id":5685,"date":"2024-07-08T18:58:40","date_gmt":"2024-07-08T18:58:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/iacs\/?p=5685"},"modified":"2024-07-09T21:38:02","modified_gmt":"2024-07-09T21:38:02","slug":"what-were-reading-they-flew","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/iacs\/2024\/07\/08\/what-were-reading-they-flew\/","title":{"rendered":"What We’re Reading: They Flew"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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What We’re Reading: They Flew<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n \n \n By<\/span>Becky King Cerling, Ph.D., IACS Executive Director<\/strong>\n \n July 8, 2024<\/span>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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They Flew: A History of the Impossible<\/em><\/p>\n

Carlos Eire, Ph.D.<\/p>\n

Yale University Press 2023<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

What is<\/em> impossible? And, perhaps more to the point, who decides?<\/p>\n

During a tour of St. Teresa of Avila\u2019s convent in Spain in the 1980s, the tour guide casually observed that the group had reached the room where \u201cSt. Teresa and St. John of the Cross levitated together for the first time.\u201d The information was presented as a simple fact. The author, Carlos Eire,<\/a><\/span> a visitor on the tour, was struck: how could levitation<\/em> be presented as fact<\/em>? And so Eire began a decades-long investigation into the history of the impossible.<\/p>\n

In They Flew<\/em><\/a><\/span> Eire scrutinizes events that most of us would deem impossible. St. Teresa of Avila, St. Joseph of Cupertino, and Mar\u00eda de \u00c1greda defied the limits of the possible, according to our sensibilities. Their stories, along with those of other saints and frauds and witches from 16th<\/sup> and 17th<\/sup>-century Europe, provide the context for Eire\u2019s exploration. The early modern period was the beginning of the so-called \u201cAge of Reason,\u201d when science and empiricism rose to new heights and began to transcend the \u201csuperstition\u201d of the Middle Ages. It was the period during which newly divided Roman Catholics and Protestants fought for supremacy and the period in which the boundary between the natural and the supernatural was gradually redrawn.<\/p>\n

In They Flew<\/em> Eire scrutinizes events that most of us would deem impossible.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Each part of They Flew<\/em> examines \u201cimpossible\u201d events and beliefs and demonstrates the permeability of the boundary between nature and the supernatural during the early modern period. Part one of the book covers the surprisingly long, worldwide history of levitation and then analyzes evidence for two dramatic early modern levitators: St. Teresa of Avila and St. Joseph of Cupertino. Part two provides an historical overview of bilocation followed by an analysis of well-known bilocator, Mar\u00eda de \u00c1greda, another Spanish nun who became known in the Americas as the Lady in Blue.<\/p>\n

\"\"
“They Flew” is an examination of impossible events at the dawn of modernity and of their enduring significance.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Part three introduces some surprisingly common ground: the work of the devil. People on all sides comfortably accused the devil of disturbing the natural world. Catholics discerned whether the source of the disturbance was God\u2019s beneficence or the devil\u2019s malevolence. Protestants, who believed that miracles ceased after the Apostolic age, assumed that the devil was behind all of it. The mix resulted in a relentless search for the devil and his minions, and ultimately, in an impossibly lengthy period of witch trials.<\/p>\n

Throughout the book Eire skillfully evaluates evidence. He scrutinizes early modern sources \u2014 eyewitness accounts, court testimonies, written accounts \u2014 and current interpretations of those sources, which attribute the impossible to strictly materialist causes. He notes that many of the stories have had a remarkably long shelf life \u2014 so long that a 20th<\/sup>-century tour guide in Avila, Spain thinks nothing of presenting St. Teresa\u2019s levitations as fact.<\/p>\n

As a good historian, Eire concedes that at this distance in time, with the evidence available, we cannot know that St. Teresa flew or Mar\u00eda of \u00c1greda bilocated, although we know that many of their contemporaries \u2014 from right across the social spectrum \u2014 believed they flew and bilocated and did all sorts of impossible things. And so, Eire introduces Emile Durkheim\u2019s concept of a \u201csocial fact\u201d \u2014 a collective worldview in any given society that delineates what is possible or impossible, and that obliges people in the cauldron of the same culture to believe the same kinds of things about nature and the supernatural. The period covered in They Flew <\/em>proved to be a transitional time, a time in which societal beliefs in the impossibility of any given event began to change and during which people attributed events simultaneously to either \u2014 or both \u2014 nature or the supernatural.<\/p>\n

We live in a time after that change, a time post-Enlightenment and post-modern, a time in which the boundary between nature and the supernatural has been so firmly fixed as to include in the realm of believable only what can be verified by empirical evidence. The impossible is believed to be, well, impossible. And perhaps that is the social fact of our <\/em>time.<\/p>\n

They Flew<\/em> is what historians call a \u201cbig book\u201d \u2014 an important work that questions the way historical sources are interpreted or changes the questions asked of the past. Carlos Eire does both, which perhaps will cause us to question our own assumptions, our own worldview. Perhaps it will begin another chapter in the history of the impossible.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Carlos Eire, T. Lawrason Riggs Professor of History and Religious Studies at Yale University and an IACS Affiliated Scholar, completed a \u201cScholar Q&A<\/a><\/span>\u201d for the IACS blog about his vocation as a historian, what has changed and what has stayed the same about belief over the last 500 years, and how to understand \u201cfacts\u201d and \u201creality.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Professor Eire\u2019s next project is an extended essay on the centrality of paradox and of belief in the supernatural in the Catholic intellectual tradition.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":68,"featured_media":5686,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,176],"tags":[32,145,165,26,125,36,168],"class_list":["post-5685","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-insights","category-what-were-reading","tag-book","tag-book-reviews","tag-catholic","tag-catholic-church","tag-catholic-theology","tag-iacs","tag-theology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhat We're Reading: They Flew<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"IACS Executive Director Becky King Cerling, Ph.D., reviews the book "They Flew" by noted Yale historian Carlos Eire.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/iacs\/2024\/07\/08\/what-were-reading-they-flew\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What We're Reading: They Flew - 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