{"id":20344,"date":"2025-09-05T13:44:27","date_gmt":"2025-09-05T20:44:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/?p=20344"},"modified":"2025-09-05T13:44:28","modified_gmt":"2025-09-05T20:44:28","slug":"dui-to-deportation-hr-875","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/2025\/09\/05\/dui-to-deportation-hr-875\/","title":{"rendered":"DUI to Deportation: What H.R. 875 Could Mean for Immigrant Communities\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n<div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2025\/09\/Blog_post_header_duitodeportation2-768x432.png\"\n          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class=\"text-wrapper\">\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>DUI to Deportation: What H.R. 875 Could Mean for Immigrant Communities\u00a0<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n    \n          <strong class=\"author-field\"><span >By<\/span>Fernando Moreno Jr., Nicolas Gutierrez III, and Ximena Sanchez Martinez; Ph.D. students in the USC Department of Sociology<\/strong>\n    \n          <span class=\"post-date-field\">September 5, 2025<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--social-share \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--social-share\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <span class=\"a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\">\n      <span class=\"title\">\n        Share\n      <\/span>\n                        <a class=\"a2a_button_copy_link\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#copy_link\" 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class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Bluesky<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                                <a class=\"a2a_button_email\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/#email\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"E-mail\">\n            <span class=\"a2a_svg a2a_s__default a2a_s_print\">\n              <svg height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 12\" width=\"18\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m8.14285714 9.42857143c-.17142857 0-.34285714 0-.51428571.08571428l7.28571427 6.34285719c.3428572.2571428.6857143.2571428.9428572 0l7.2857142-6.34285719c-.0857142-.08571428-.2571428-.08571428-.4285714-.08571428zm-1.28571428 1.11428567v.1714286 8.5714286c0 .6857143.6 1.2857143 1.28571428 1.2857143h14.57142856c.6857143 0 1.2857143-.6 1.2857143-1.2857143v-8.5714286c0-.0857143 0-.0857143 0-.1714286l-7.2 6.3428572c-.7714286.6857143-1.8857143.6857143-2.6571429 0z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(-6 -9)\"\/><\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"a2a_label visually-hidden\">Email<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n                  <\/span>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n \n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On June 26, 2025, the U.S. House of Representatives passed <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/119th-congress\/house-bill\/875\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H.R. 875<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the \u201cProtect Our Communities From DUIs Act.\u201d While framed as a key tool for public safety, the bill could be one of the most far-reaching expansions of deportation grounds for our immigrant communities in recent history. If enacted, the bill would make driving while intoxicated or impaired a deportable and inadmissible offense, granting DHS\/ICE expanded authority in an ongoing push to deport <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/justice-department\/ice-operation-trump-focus-immigration-reshape-federal-law-enforcement-rcna193494\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as many people as possible<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Like the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/nipnlg.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2025-01\/2025_NIPNLG-Laken-Riley.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laken Riley Act<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H.R. 875 shows how public safety rhetoric is used to deepen the ties between the criminal legal system and immigration enforcement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although Representative Barry Moore (AL-01) authored the bill as a \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/barrymoore.house.gov\/media\/press-releases\/rep-barry-moores-bill-deport-illegals-who-drive-impaired-passes-us-house\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">common sense<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d approach to protect against drunk drivers, DUIs already carry <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilrc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/dui_advisory_2final.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">severe immigration consequences<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Under current law, a single misdemeanor DUI could not only trigger the revocation of a student or employee visa but also bar eligibility for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals and asylum. If a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilrc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/chart-note_08-controlled_substances.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">controlled substance<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is involved, the immigration consequences escalate to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/sites\/default\/files\/assets\/prolonged_detention_fact_sheet.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">prolonged ICE detention<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that can last months or years. H.R. 875 would go even further: elevating a DUI arrest to the same level as the most serious offenses, such as drug trafficking or murder. The bill would dramatically expand who faces these penalties to include legal residents who have lived in the U.S. for decades, and even <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/publications\/working-for-survivors-u-visa\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">survivors of crimes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. H.R. 875 would also coincide with the more than <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/analysis-opinion\/big-budget-act-creates-deportation-industrial-complex\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">$170 billion investment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in immigration enforcement, making these agencies the most highly funded law enforcement agencies in the country. If enacted, the bill would dramatically contribute to family separation, travel restrictions, and detention in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2025\/7\/21\/less-than-human-report-details-trump-immigration-detention-centre-abuses\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">horrendous conditions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Immigration Enforcement and DUIs<\/b><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20348\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20348\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20348\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2025\/09\/Blog_checkpoint_wikimedia.jpg\" alt=\"Police officers speak with drivers at a vehicle checkpoint\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2025\/09\/Blog_checkpoint_wikimedia.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2025\/09\/Blog_checkpoint_wikimedia-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2025\/09\/Blog_checkpoint_wikimedia-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2025\/09\/Blog_checkpoint_wikimedia-900x600.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20348\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo source: https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Memorial_Day_Checkpoint_LAPD.jpg<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over recent decades, the convergence of criminal and immigration law, referred to as \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2016-09-16\/c-sar-garc-a-hern-ndez-on-the-rise-of-crimmigration\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">crimmigration<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u201d has entangled immigration enforcement within everyday policing. Since 2002, ICE has entered <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanprogress.org\/article\/negative-consequences-entangling-local-policing-immigration-enforcement\/#:~:text=In%202010%2C%20the%20Office%20of,task%20force%20and%20hybrid%20models\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">287(g) agreements<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with local agencies, authorizing officers to screen detainees in jails and enforce immigration laws in their jurisdictions. Notoriously, under Sheriff Joe Arpaio, Maricopa County deputies routinely used race as an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org\/press-release\/doj-report-slams-sherriff-joe-arpaio-and-dhs-restricts-287g-and-secure-communities-programs\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">unconstitutional pretext<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to stop, detain, and arrest Latinx drivers, who were up to 9x <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilrc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2025-07\/Immigration%20Dragnet%20-%20The%20New%20Era%20of%20287%28g%29_0.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">more likely to be pulled over.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> By 2012, the Obama Administration phased out this \u201cdeputization\u201d model, citing civil rights concerns. Under the Trump Administration, 287(g) agreements have surged from 135 in 16 states to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/immigration\/2025\/06\/22\/trump-ice-deportation-arrests-traffic-stops\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">over 700 across 40 states<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in five months. By linking deportation to DUIs, H.R. 875 would widen the net of immigration enforcement, extending it through traffic stops and sobriety checkpoints conducted by local officers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Police discretion allows officers to initiate stops based on subjective judgment, such as perceived behavior, driver appearance, or vehicle condition. These decisions result in Latinx and Black drivers being stopped at higher rates, even when their driving mirrors that of white drivers. In an analysis of nearly 100 million cases nationwide, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/openpolicing.stanford.edu\/findings\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stanford Open Policing Project<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> found racialized patterns in stops, searches, and seizures. By giving officers another basis for stops, H.R. 875 would heighten the risk of detainment and deportation of noncitizen drivers.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20347\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20347\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20347\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2025\/09\/Blog_checkpoint_flickr.jpg\" alt=\"A police truck is on the side of a road with sign, &quot;sobriety checkpoint ahead&quot;\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2025\/09\/Blog_checkpoint_flickr.jpg 800w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2025\/09\/Blog_checkpoint_flickr-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2025\/09\/Blog_checkpoint_flickr-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20347\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo source: https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/lungstruck\/4001289187<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Checkpoints provide another avenue for discriminatory enforcement, as officers have broad discretion to stop or wave drivers through. At a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newschannel5.com\/news\/newschannel-5-investigates\/middle-tennessee-family-torn-apart-after-ice-highway-patrol-checkpoint-looking-for-color-of-skin-wife-says\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tennessee Highway Patrol sobriety checkpoint<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, officers pulled over driver Chelsea White and her husband, Hilario Mart\u00ednez Garc\u00eda; while White was released, Mart\u00ednez Garc\u00eda was detained and swiftly deported to Mexico. This case illustrates how checkpoints can sweep up drivers and passengers alike, putting immigrant community members at risk. Additionally, checkpoint locations are not random. In <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2015\/05\/08\/chicago-police-sobriety-checkpoints-target-black-latino-neighborhoods\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chicago<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 84 percent of checkpoints occurred in predominantly Black or Latinx neighborhoods, while predominantly white areas with more DUI incidents were overlooked. These placements deviate from guidelines that recommend placing checkpoints based on objective factors, such as the rate of alcohol-related crashes. H.R. 875 would expand officers\u2019 authority in ways that disproportionately affect immigrant drivers and passengers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Consequences of Detention and Deportation<\/b><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20346\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20346\" style=\"width: 444px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20346\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2025\/09\/blog_ice_protest.jpg\" alt=\"A crowd of protesters against ICE walk with the Los Angeles City Hall building in the background\" width=\"444\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2025\/09\/blog_ice_protest.jpg 1290w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2025\/09\/blog_ice_protest-266x300.jpg 266w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2025\/09\/blog_ice_protest-909x1024.jpg 909w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2025\/09\/blog_ice_protest-768x866.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20346\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo credit: Ulises Flores Mendoza<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If enacted, H.R. 875 would deepen the climate of fear and insecurity already experienced by immigrant communities. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/calbudgetcenter.org\/resources\/deportations-and-immigration-limits-threaten-california-families-economy\/#h-what-are-the-ripple-effects-of-deportations-on-families\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Immigrant families<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> facing detention or deportation lose income overnight, pushing them into financial crises, food insecurity, and the threat of eviction.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This fear of deportation ripples outward, undermining trust in vital institutions like hospitals. Immigrant families often <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/doctors-fear-ice-agents-health-care-facilities-deterring-people\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">avoid or delay medical care<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/education\/5357631-ice-trump-immigration-enforcement-schools-chronic-absenteeism\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hesitate to send their children to school<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/environment\/story\/2025-07-25\/ice-raids-heat-immigrant-families-southern-california\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">isolate themselves<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> out of fear of surveillance or separation. In Los Angeles, recent ICE raids have made families too afraid to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/lapublicpress.org\/2025\/06\/ice-raids-families-too-scared-to-go-to-doctor\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">access basic health services<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/lapublicpress.org\/2025\/08\/lausd-families-switching-to-online-school-scared-of-ice-raids\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">attend school in person<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. After recent wildfires, parents even <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/lapublicpress.org\/2025\/08\/ice-fears-threaten-los-angeles-kids-lead-tests-that-prevent-brain-damage\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">delayed lead testing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for their children due to these fears. Instead of promoting public safety, H.R. 875 will <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.networkforphl.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Immigration-Executive-Actions-and-Public-Health.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">endanger public health<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by fueling distrust and uncertainty already weighing on immigrant communities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fear is intensified by the opacity of the detention system itself. Detained loved ones who <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/04\/22\/us\/venezuela-immigrant-disappear-deport-ice.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share&amp;referringSource=articleShare\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">abruptly disappear<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can be impossible to locate, leaving relatives in torment before learning where they are being held. Once located, detainees are subjected to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/06\/28\/us\/immigrant-detention-conditions.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share&amp;referringSource=articleShare\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inhumane conditions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that immigration and legal advocates have long documented: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2025\/06\/05\/nx-s1-5413364\/concerns-over-conditions-in-u-s-immigration-detention-were-hearing-the-word-starving\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sexual abuse<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2025\/06\/05\/nx-s1-5413364\/concerns-over-conditions-in-u-s-immigration-detention-were-hearing-the-word-starving\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">malnourishment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oag.ca.gov\/system\/files\/media\/immigration-detention-2025.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mental suffering<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kpbs.org\/news\/border-immigration\/2024\/04\/16\/lawsuit-against-ice-detention-center-highlights-medical-neglect-complaints\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">medical neglect<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Alarmingly, recent <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2025\/jun\/30\/us-ice-detention-deaths\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">deaths in ICE custody<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have made 2025 one of the deadliest years in immigration detention.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Current enforcement already has <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/deportation-fears-create-ripple-effects-for-immigrants-and-their-communities-248817#:~:text=A%20sense%20of%20despair,not%20be%20evident%20for%20years.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">harmful impacts on immigrant families<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> By broadening the grounds for deportation and tying immigration enforcement even more tightly to local policing through discriminatory traffic stops and DUI checkpoints, the bill will enable wider enforcement. The result would be more family separation, deeper distrust in public institutions, worsening public health outcomes, and policies that criminalize rather than support the inclusion of immigrant communities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the potential impacts of H.R. 875 is vital for immigrant families, community leaders, and policymakers. Building community education and response includes supporting <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/representla.org\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">legal defense programs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, getting involved with<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/lataco.com\/donate-non-profits-immigrant-rights\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">immigrant rights organizations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and staying informed on ongoing legislation.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <hr \/>\n<p><strong>About the authors: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fernando Moreno Jr., <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/nicolasgutierreziii.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nicolas Gutierrez III<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/sanchezx\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ximena Sanchez Martinez<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are Ph.D. students in the Department of Sociology at the University of Southern California.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-related-stories \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-related-stories\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Explore other articles\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n                  <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/2026\/02\/05\/making-meaning-of-minnesota-immigration-ice-and-civic-action\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Making Meaning of Minnesota: Immigration, ICE, and Civic Action<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/2025\/10\/24\/2025-data-estimates-undocumented-immigrants-in-orange-county\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >2025 Data Estimates: Undocumented Immigrants in Orange County<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n              <article>\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--cta-title\">\n\n    \n  <h3>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/2025\/10\/10\/book-event-with-author-alejandra-campoverdis-first-gen\/\" \n                        class=\"\" \n      >Book Event with Author Alejandra Campoverdi&#8217;s &#8216;First Gen&#8217;<\/a>\n      <\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        <\/article>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":20353,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[373,179,70,374,19,69,375],"class_list":["post-20344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-deportation","tag-detention","tag-enforcement","tag-federal-legislation","tag-immigrants","tag-immigration","tag-policing"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - 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