{"id":20132,"date":"2025-07-10T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-10T19:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/?p=20132"},"modified":"2025-07-10T13:35:59","modified_gmt":"2025-07-10T20:35:59","slug":"carceral-seepage-and-healing-narratives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/2025\/07\/10\/carceral-seepage-and-healing-narratives\/","title":{"rendered":"Carceral Seepage and Healing Narratives: A Conversation with Rasheeda Imani Jones"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Carceral Seepage and Healing Narratives: A Conversation with Rasheeda Imani Jones<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n \n \n By<\/span>Uriel Serrano, Ph.D., ERI Community Power Postdoctoral Scholar <\/strong>\n \n July 10, 2025<\/span>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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The police, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents, and other law enforcement (LE) agents have <\/span>a long history<\/span><\/a> of detaining and disproportionately harming racially minoritized communities. They surveil neighborhoods and accost people in<\/span> private and public spaces<\/span><\/a>. Our children and youth are <\/span>observing and affected<\/span><\/a> by police surveillance, racial profiling, police brutality, and in the worst of circumstances, incarceration and death. Whether their exposure comes from watching police violence online or the TV, as witnesses, or as direct targets and victims, research demonstrates that<\/span> their emotional well-being is being impacted<\/span><\/a>. This is particularly true for Black, Latinx, and Indigenous children and youth who live in neighborhoods<\/span> disproportionately surveilled and policed<\/span><\/a>. In this piece, I explore how LE and incarceration negatively impact the emotional well-being of racially minoritized youth in Los Angeles. I also draw on the work of the social worker, therapist, and author <\/span>Rasheeda Imani Jones<\/span><\/a> to demonstrate how research, art, and writing can come together to acknowledge the harms of policing and incarceration and create pathways to healing for young people.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Carceral Seepage<\/h3>\n

In my research on <\/span>how policing in Los Angeles shapes the emotions of Black and non-Black Latinx youth<\/span><\/a>, I met many Black and Latinx young men who had loved ones incarcerated or deported. They have also grown up witnessing the racial profiling of their mothers, fathers, uncles, and friends by LE. These experiences were compounded by their encounters with racial profiling and criminalization as early as age six, and, in the worst of circumstances, the murder of a loved one at the hands of the police. I refer to this accumulation of both direct and indirect encounters, including the slow violence it produces, as \u201ccarceral seepage.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

I use the concept of <\/span>carceral seepage<\/span><\/a> to describe the pervasive reach of the carceral state. Carceral seepage uses water seepage as metaphor to describe the violence of policing as slow and cumulative. In addition, this concept captures how the slow cumulative exposure of experiences throughout one\u2019s life generates a particular set of negative emotional responses to LE and criminalization.\u00a0 This includes witnessing the policing of loved ones and peers, the omnipresence of police in communities, and the ever-present risk of being criminalized across everyday settings in which we all interact (i.e., schools, hospitals, and neighborhoods).<\/span><\/p>\n

The Black and non-Black Latinx boys and young men I interviewed described moving through the world with persistent feelings of fear, paranoia, and nervousness while driving, in their schools, and while walking in their neighborhoods. For some, this paranoia impacted their ability to rest or be at peace at home. These emotional responses to the reality of policing in Los Angeles did not stem from one individual encounter with the police. Instead, they were emotional responses to the ongoing structural violence of carceral seepage: witnessing and experiencing policing and criminalization across social contexts and institutions\u2013responses that cannot be fully captured by conventional metrics like suspensions, expulsions, or school-based disciplinary records.<\/span> Memorably, sixteen year old Andres’s recounts being racially profiled constantly:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI was wearing a hat one time, and I got pulled over because of that. I was wearing a <\/span>hoodie one time, and I got pulled over because of that. I got my hair cut real short one time, and I got pulled over because of that\u2026One time I got pulled over and the guy asked me, \u201cWere you born here?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

With Andres\u2019 body, behaviors, legal status, and clothing, including his grooming choices, being deemed as threats so frequently, it might come as no surprise that he experiences paranoia of being profiled by LE while walking, in school, and while riding in the passenger seat of a car.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

At a time when most boys his age are excited to begin driving, for Andres, the constant profiling by LE while walking translated to being glad that he did not have a license yet. Andres was already anticipating being profiled while driving. And unfortunately, for Andres and many other boys and young men I interviewed, very few spaces provide opportunities to process these ongoing experiences.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The violence of carceral seepage is deeply familiar to Rasheeda, my lifelong school classmate. Rasheeda is a youth worker, mental health therapist, social worker, activist, South Central native, and proud graduate of Clark Atlanta University.\u00a0 She is also the author of a children’s book and a co-authored memoir on the impacts of incarceration. Moved by her commitment to addressing the emotional toll policing and incarceration take on children and youth in South Central Los Angeles, I sat down with Rasheeda for a conversation. We spoke about how incarceration, policing, and criminalization impact Black youth, the broader South Central community, and the healing work needed to support those living under the long shadow of the carceral state. <\/span>At the heart of our conversation was our desire to show how research, art, and community can converge to open paths to healing, including transforming knowledge into practices that remake our world.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Justice (for Omar): A Children\u2019s Book and Sister\u2019s Desire to Write<\/h3>\n

Inspired by her and her family’s story, Rasheeda published <\/span>Justice<\/span><\/i><\/a> in 2022<\/span>.<\/span><\/i> The beautifully illustrated book, which has an accompanying activities book, illustrates the effects of carceral seepage by sharing the story of a Black boy also named Justice who is dealing with the emotions and feelings that come with the incarceration of his father. Afraid to share with his teachers and classmates that his dad is in prison, Justice tells them that \u201cDaddy is on vacation.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Though only a child, Justice carries the weight of his father\u2019s incarceration and the stigma it brings, shaping his emotions every day\u2013fear, shame, sadness, and loneliness. Yet, at the encouragement of his father, who Justice loves \u201coceans full\u201d, Justice eventually proudly stands before his classmates and speaks his truth. More importantly, he expresses how he feels to others. His courageous act opens the door for others to share that they, too, have a loved one currently incarcerated.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

While Justice is a fictional character, his story is one that I hear far too often as a researcher. For example, 18-year-old KiSean shared with me that his first experience with prisons was being a young boy visiting his brother. Manny, who was 16 when I met him, described constantly feeling nervous, scared, and paranoid that he would be caught up in the carceral system or become the victim of police brutality because of the hyperpolicing of his predominantly Black neighborhood.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

If Manny, Andres, KiSean, and other racially minoritized children and youth are being profiled and impacted by incarceration as early as six years old, then what do we make of the emotional trauma and hardship that comes with these experiences?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

For Rasheeda, authoring <\/span>Justice<\/span><\/i> and most recently, <\/span>Justice for Omar<\/span><\/i><\/a>, is an attempt to bridge writing with healing. <\/span>Justice For Omar<\/span><\/i> is a book she co-wrote with her brother, Omar, who is currently incarcerated. In the book, the brother and sister duo document their journey navigating incarceration, the criminal legal system, and the impact the carceral state has on those inside and the loved ones left to fight for their rights. Both of Rasheeda\u2019s books are stories of love and hope that explore how incarceration shapes emotions, family ties, and the human spirit. What follows is an edited snippet of our discussion.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Writing to Heal<\/h3>\n

Uriel: <\/b>\u00a0What inspired you to write both books?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Rasheeda: <\/b>What I want to speak to is that incarceration cannot steal joy. Even after being separated by over 300 miles and 27 years, joy still found its place in our story. Both Justice and our memoir highlight the deep and lasting impact incarceration has on families. But more than that, they call on us as a community to hold space, to show up, and to support those who are directly impacted.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

Uriel: <\/b>Tell me more about writing <\/span>Justice?\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Rasheeda: <\/b>One night, while I was at work, the idea came to me \u2014 I\u2019m going to write a children\u2019s book called Justice. I originally gave the concept to my niece and nephew as a creative way for them to process and heal from their dad\u2019s incarceration. But they were just kids, and I eventually took on the project myself and saw it through. I wanted to establish myself not only as a social worker but also as a writer, as someone who could give the community a meaningful resource for healing. Justice became a tool to support conversations around incarceration, especially as we continued to write Justice for Omar.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

Uriel:\u00a0 <\/b>It sounds like the books bring together the multiple worlds that you exist in. Please tell me more about why you decided to write about emotions in the children\u2019s book.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Rasheeda: <\/b>So many of my students and clients have sat across from me and said, \u201cMy dad, my mom, or someone I love is incarcerated.\u201d I\u2019ve heard it far too often. When I asked, \u201cHow does that make you feel?\u201d there was usually a pause, not because they didn\u2019t feel, but because they didn\u2019t have the words. Shame and isolation kept them from fully expressing what was underneath. They wouldn\u2019t say, \u201cI feel ashamed\u201d or \u201cI\u2019m embarrassed.\u201d Instead, it came out as sadness, anger, or both. As a therapist, when you dig deeper, you start to see what\u2019s really there: the grief, the confusion, the anger over losing someone to the system. Writing about emotions in Justice grew directly from those conversations. It comes from my work as a social worker, as a therapist, and from knowing how much our children need tools and spaces where they feel safe enough to feel.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Following Rasheeda\u2019s Lead<\/h3>\n

Our conversation lasted almost an hour, but in the spirit of wellness and taking care of ourselves, <\/span>Rasheeda <\/span>asked that we end the meeting to allow us time to go outside, enjoy the last hour of sun for that day, and move as we both had been working all day. With that reminder in mind, I end by summarizing Rasheeda\u2019s tips for parents, caregivers, and practitioners who work with young people.<\/span><\/p>\n

Through her practice and writing, Rasheeda joins a community of scholars and community organizers who center care in their work: A type of care that is guided by a desire to allow children and youth to express themselves in spaces free of harm. Given the slow violence of <\/span>carceral seepage<\/span><\/a>, in and out of schools, this approach is one we must embrace. <\/span>Rasheeda\u2019s lifelong work and writing remind us that we must acknowledge and empathize with children\u2019s feelings and experiences. They need to feel seen, heard, and valued. Check in with them regularly. The following are starting points: How did that make you feel? What happened to make you feel that way? Healthy conversations are important, both during regular check-ins and when addressing the emotional toll of carceral seepage. Ask children what they need and what they think about their experiences. Some children may not be able to fully express or communicate their needs to adults, but that should not deter practitioners from providing affirmations, attention, affection, quality conversation, and presence.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Supporting young people who are experiencing the brunt of incarceration, police violence, and criminalization is no easy task. Practitioners should take care of their well-being, ask for support when needed, and find meaningful connections with individuals and organizations doing similar work. For example, the <\/span>Brothers, Sons, Selves Coalition<\/span><\/a> brings together youth-serving groups from across Los Angeles County to create paths to healing for <\/span>boys and young men of color<\/span><\/a>. Their practices include adults creating a life-affirming space via political education, healing programming, and providing opportunities for vulnerability. Programs like these support Rasheeda\u2019s assertion that healing is possible when there are spaces and relationships of care where youth feel safe, heard, and supported.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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About the author:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Uriel Serrano is a Community Power Postdoctoral Scholar at USC ERI. In his research, he employs interview, ethnographic, archival, and survey analysis to study the social conditions facing racially minoritized youth in Los Angeles, including how they resist policing and racial inequality.<\/span><\/p>\n

His research agenda sits at the intersection of sociology, education, critical criminology, ethnic studies, and community-engaged approaches. His current and forthcoming publications extend these substantive interests\u2014as well as his methodological interests in mixed-methods research and community-rooted research\u2014by examining the practices and consequences of policing racially minoritized young people, the role of organizations (like schools, school boards, and community-based educational spaces) in shaping the lives of racially minoritized youth, and how community organizations respond to criminalization and surveillance.<\/p>\n

Dr. Serrano\u2019s research and community-engaged projects have been supported by The Ford Foundation, The California Endowment, the University of California President\u2019s Office, the American Sociological Association, the Social Science Research Council, and the California State University Chancellor\u2019s Office. His work is either forthcoming or has been published in journals such as\u00a0Social Problems, Sociological Perspectives, Race Ethnicity & Education, Educational Researcher, Equity & Excellence in Education, Journal of Family Theory & Review,\u00a0<\/i>and\u00a0Social Sciences.<\/i><\/p>\n

Dr. Serrano was born and raised in the Baldwin Hills neighborhood, known colloquially as The Jungles. He brings over ten years of experience as a youth worker and educator to his research and teaching. Dr. Serrano is also a proud Cal State alumni, avid wrestling fan, a self-proclaimed quesadilla expert, and Duke\u2019s favorite human.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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