{"id":14179,"date":"2017-11-17T16:43:00","date_gmt":"2017-11-18T00:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/?p=14179"},"modified":"2023-08-08T16:57:45","modified_gmt":"2023-08-08T23:57:45","slug":"blog-jagiusvallejo-latinos-ca-dream","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/eri\/2017\/11\/17\/blog-jagiusvallejo-latinos-ca-dream\/","title":{"rendered":"Latino elites are paying the California dream forward"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\n\n \n A small \u2013 but powerful \u2013 Latino middle class has emerged in California, led by elites like State Senator Kevin de Leon. AP Photo\/Jae C. Hong\n\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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Latino elites are paying the California dream forward<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n \n \n By<\/span>Jody Agius Vallejo, Associate Professor of Sociology and American Studies & Ethnicity at USC, and CSII Associate Director<\/strong>\n \n November 17, 2017<\/span>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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American Latino economic elites have incomes and wealth in the top five percent of earners. Some own multi-million-dollar companies or work as corporate executives. Latino politicians \u2013 like Kevin De Le\u00f3n, who is serving as California Senate president while running for U.S. Senate, and California\u2019s Attorney General Xavier Becerra – are especially visible in the state.<\/p>\n

What role do these successful men and women play in the wider Latino community?<\/p>\n

It\u2019s an important question because scholars view<\/a> elites of color as critical to the creation of educational, financial and social resources that help ethnic communities thrive.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sharing resources<\/h2>\n

California is at the vanguard of racial and ethnic demographic change in the United States.<\/p>\n

In 1980, two-thirds of California\u2019s population was white<\/a> and 19 percent was Latino. By 2015, Latinos had edged just past whites to become the state\u2019s largest ethnic group at 39 percent of the population. By 2050, Latinos are projected to make up 51 percent of California\u2019s population. Whites will decrease to 24 percent.<\/p>\n

Births are fueling this population growth, not immigration. In fact, two-thirds of Latinos in California<\/a> \u2013 and the U.S. more generally \u2013 are born on American soil. The Golden State\u2019s future is linked to the social and economic integration of Latino Californians.<\/p>\n

In contrast to the criminal<\/a> and poverty narratives<\/a> so often told by President Donald Trump, I study<\/a> the Latino middle class. Currently, I\u2019m looking into the rise of a small but powerful class of Latino economic and political elites.<\/p>\n

Latino communities are often viewed<\/a> as lacking ethnic elites who can infuse communities with educational and financial resources. Scholars also question<\/a> whether those who enter the middle and upper class abandon lower-income neighborhoods and the people who live there, taking with them networks and financial resources that can support mobility.<\/p>\n

Who is correct? Interviews I\u2019ve conducted in California\u2019s Latino community as research for a book suggests that a small well-heeled group is actively involved in growing a Latino middle class. They are using their social, economic and political resources to help others attain college degrees, start small businesses and build wealth.<\/p>\n

Their desire to work for change is rooted in optimism for the future based on their own success, as many are the children of immigrants. They also say they were politicized by key moments when politicians targeted Latinos with nativist anti-immigrant rhetoric and punitive legislation. These positive and negative experiences have instilled in them a sense of responsibility for the community.<\/p>\n

Some trace their ethnic solidarity to California\u2019s anti-immigrant era in the 1990s. Pete Wilson, then governor of California, ran his reelection campaign on a nativist platform<\/a>. Some people I interviewed who were in college during this period participated in actions against laws like Proposition 187<\/a>, an anti-immigrant initiative that sought to deny benefits to unauthorized immigrants. Others have been pushed into action by more recent threats to the Latino population, such as SB 1070<\/a>, Arizona\u2019s harsh 2010 immigration law that institutionalized racial profiling. Their desire to combat negative stereotypes and infuse their communities with resources has only grown more urgent in the Trump era, a time when many feel once again under attack.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

What matters to Latino economic and political elites?<\/h2>\n

Latino economic elites are overseeing and funding Latino institutions centered on two key social issues. One issue is Latino youths\u2019 access to higher education and college degree completion. The second is economic empowerment through the financial sector.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are on the verge of a major demographic shift, a power shift,\u201d one person I interviewed told me. \u201cIt\u2019s already happening in politics. The idea is to create our own opportunities and open up access to these areas. To grow the Latino middle class, we have to give back by providing access.\u201d<\/p>\n

They approach these concerns in different ways.<\/p>\n

Despite record level of college enrollments nationwide<\/a>, Latino educational attainment remains relatively low. Latino elites are organizing around this issue through what I call \u201cethnoracial philanthropy.\u201d This is the practice of creating, or giving to, Latino nonprofit organizations that focus on alleviating social and economic inequalities. They give to Latino-led organizations that facilitate college prep programs in low-income communities with the goal of increasing the number of Latinos going to college. They spearhead charter schools in Latino communities. They collectively give millions to local and national Latino scholarship funds. They attempt to establish pipelines into careers in which Latinos are severely underrepresented, such as media and STEM.<\/p>\n

Others, like Gil and Jacki Cisneros, start their own educational philanthropic organizations<\/a>. The Cisneroses won the Mega Millions jackpot in 2010 and are focusing their giving on Latino educational access and attainment<\/a>. The Cisneros\u2019 have endowed a scholarship at USC Annenberg and established the Cisneros Hispanic Leadership Institute at George Washington University.<\/p>\n

Gil Cisneros told me, \u201cTo me, education is the biggest issue. It really is a game changer. It has the potential to change the trajectory of your life\u2026 As the Latino population grows, we need to talk about how we will elevate this community.\u201d Gil Cisneros is now one of several candidates of color running for Congress in the primaries in California\u2019s 39th Congressional District<\/a>, a battleground in Orange County and my hometown district.<\/p>\n

Similarly, Latino elites are concerned about the persistent Latino wealth gap<\/a>. White households hold 10 times the wealth of Latino households. Some Latino elites have started Latino banks or are engaging in other efforts to connect Latinos to sources of financial capital from which they\u2019ve traditionally been excluded. They believe that these efforts will help Latinos build assets and wealth.<\/p>\n

While these actions may be profit-driven, those involved also see a broader mission of \u201ccreating economic stability in the community\u201d by helping unbanked low-income Latinos open bank accounts and build credit scores. Other efforts concentrate on providing access to loans to Latino entrepreneurs, who are growing at a rate faster than any other group<\/a> and who own a quarter of all businesses in California<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe bank is a critical component of a successful community,\u201d one wealthy business owner told me. \u201cBanks can play a vital role for communities and groups. It is not just about the bottom line for us, but more about how do we build a sound and total community.\u201d<\/p>\n

Latino political leaders in California are also working to help Latinos attain the California dream.<\/p>\n

Most, like Kevin de Le\u00f3n and Sen. Ricardo Lara<\/a>, are the upwardly mobile children of immigrants. These elected officials, along with others like Sen. Tony Mendoza, Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez-Fletcher, LA City Council member Gil Cedillo \u2013 are proposing and passing progressive immigrant integration legislation at all levels of California state government<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Who should bear the responsibility of relieving inequalities in an era where the federal and state government<\/a> has continuously moved away from funding basic services to the poor and middle class? And in a period where the current president constantly makes villains of Latinos?<\/p>\n

Latino elites\u2019 efforts to infuse their communities with resources are important, but they alone cannot solve widespread social and economic inequalities. These economic elites have not amassed enough wealth to generate resources on a scale that can adequately address growing income and wealth inequality in California. Creating and supporting pathways to the California dream is the responsibility of us all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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About the author<\/strong><\/p>\n

Editor\u2019s note: This article was edited to add a sentence about Gil and Jacki Cisneros\u2019 contributions to higher education.<\/em><\/p>\n

Jody Agius Vallejo<\/a>, Associate Professor of Sociology and American Studies and Associate Director of the Center for the Study of Immigrant Integration at USC, University of Southern California \u2013 Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

This article was originally published on The Conversation<\/a>. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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