{"id":452,"date":"2024-10-01T11:28:39","date_gmt":"2024-10-01T18:28:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/?page_id=452"},"modified":"2025-04-07T11:21:53","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T18:21:53","slug":"research-2-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/research-2-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--accordions \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--accordions\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      <div class=\"header-container\">\n\n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Research Areas\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      \n      \n      \n    <\/div>\n  \n      <ul>\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-1-rEShCBLwh2\" aria-controls=\"section-1-1-rEShCBLwh2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">Conductive Proteins<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-1-rEShCBLwh2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-1-rEShCBLwh2\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-977 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-23-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-23-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-23-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-23-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-23-320x320.png 320w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-23.png 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Electron-conducting proteins (also known as electron-transfer proteins) are specialized biomolecules that facilitate the movement of electrons through biological systems. They are critical for processes like cellular respiration, photosynthesis, and other biochemical reactions requiring efficient electron flow. These proteins exhibit electrical conductivity due to their unique structural and chemical properties, such as metal cofactors and conjugated systems.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>We research the physical properties of transport in conductive properties such as:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>electron transport mechanism (hopping\/tunneling\/diffusion)<\/li>\n<li>electron spin effects<\/li>\n<li>electron transfer pathways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Techniques used for this research:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protein purification<\/li>\n<li>Surface chemistry (self-assembled monolayers)<\/li>\n<li>Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy<\/li>\n<li>Electrochemistry<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-2-rEShCBLwh2\" aria-controls=\"section-1-2-rEShCBLwh2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">Bacterial Nanowires<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-2-rEShCBLwh2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-2-rEShCBLwh2\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-962 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-16-300x180.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-16-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-16-1024x614.png 1024w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-16-768x461.png 768w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-16.png 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>One pathway in which bacteria can carry out extracellular electron transfer is using\u00a0cytochrome nanowires.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0These nanowires are appendages made of protein that allow the cell to transfer electrons from the cellular membrane to exterior surfaces.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The nanowires can reach several microns in length and allow the bacteria to conduct electrons over distances that are vast in comparison to most bioelectrochemical processes. Our lab is interested in characterizing properties in these wires such as:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Length Dependent Conductivity<\/li>\n<li>Electron Spin effects<\/li>\n<li>Mechanisms of Long-Distance Electron Transport<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Techniques applied for this research:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Purification techniques<\/li>\n<li>Atomic Force Microscopy (Conductive AFM, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-3-rEShCBLwh2\" aria-controls=\"section-1-3-rEShCBLwh2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">Electroactive Biofilm<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-3-rEShCBLwh2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-3-rEShCBLwh2\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-948 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-9-300x180.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-9-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-9-1024x614.png 1024w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-9-768x461.png 768w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-9.png 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Extracellular Electron Transfer in Biofilms and Electrically Active Oral and Gut Microbes: EET in biofilms involves microbes exchanging electrons with their environment, crucial for metabolic processes.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Bacterial Interactions in Co-Culture: Species interact synergistically or competitively, influenced by community composition, spatial organization, and electron donor\/acceptor availability. Understanding their EET mechanisms.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Experimental Techniques:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Electrochemical Measurement<\/li>\n<li>Membrane Potential Measurement<\/li>\n<li>Microscopy<\/li>\n<li>Bacterial Cross-feeding in co-culture<\/li>\n<li>Mutant Analysis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-4-rEShCBLwh2\" aria-controls=\"section-1-4-rEShCBLwh2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">Cable Bateria<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-4-rEShCBLwh2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-4-rEShCBLwh2\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-956 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-13-300x180.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-13-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-13-1024x614.png 1024w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-13-768x461.png 768w, https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-13.png 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cable bacteria are the \u201cnatural conductive wires\u201d living in various sediments. These filamentous bacteria can reach lengths of more than ten centimeters and possess extraordinary conductivity, comparable to semiconductors. Our lab studies cable bacteria from multiple perspectives, including, but not limited to:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conductivity and the mechanisms of long-distance electron transport<\/li>\n<li>Cell structures and conductive components<\/li>\n<li>Bioenergetics at the single-cell level<\/li>\n<li>Electronic properties<\/li>\n<li>Genomics<\/li>\n<li>Environmental Microbiology<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Techniques applied:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Atomic Force Microscopy (Conductive AFM, KPFM, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Microelectronic characterization<\/li>\n<li>Electron Microscopy, including Cryo-Electron Microscopy<\/li>\n<li>Soft X-ray spectroscopy<\/li>\n<li>Electrochemistry<\/li>\n<li>Epifluorescence Microscopy<\/li>\n<li>Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy<\/li>\n<li>Genome sequencing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n          <\/ul>\n  \n  \n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--featured-block \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--featured-block\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"text-image-container\">\n    <div class=\"text-container\">\n\n      \n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Electric Bacteria Form Nanowires, Shoot Out Electron\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      \n      \n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--link\">\n\n    \n    \n  \n<a \n  class=\"link\"\n  href= https:\/\/www.sciencefriday.com\/segments\/electric-bacteria-form-nanowires-shoot-out-electrons\/\n  target=\"_blank\"  aria-label=\"Read more about Moh El-Naggar on Science Friday\"  \n>\n    Moh El-Naggar on Science Friday \n  <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 35 35\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 35 35\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><polygon fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" fill=\"#000\" points=\"19.3,27.5 29.3,17.5,19.3,7.5 16.3,10.4 21.4,15.4 6.7,15.4 6.7,19.6 21.4,19.6 16.3,24.6 \"\/><\/svg>\n<\/a>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"image-container\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2024\/10\/Untitled-74-768x768.png\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2024\/10\/Untitled-74-1280x1280.png 1280w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2024\/10\/Untitled-74-768x768.png 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1024px) 50vw, (min-width:768px) 100vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  role=\"none\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--featured-block \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--featured-block\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"text-image-container\">\n    <div class=\"text-container\">\n\n      \n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          \u201cElectric bacteria\u201d pass electrons through cell walls to solid minerals outside the cell.\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      \n      \n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--link\">\n\n    \n    \n  \n<a \n  class=\"link\"\n  href= https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/science\/articles\/first-person-science-moh-el-naggar-electric-bacteria\n  target=\"_blank\"  aria-label=\"Read more about First Person Science: Moh El-Naggar on Electric Bacteria\"  \n>\n    First Person Science: Moh El-Naggar on Electric Bacteria \n  <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 35 35\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 35 35\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><polygon fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" fill=\"#000\" points=\"19.3,27.5 29.3,17.5,19.3,7.5 16.3,10.4 21.4,15.4 6.7,15.4 6.7,19.6 21.4,19.6 16.3,24.6 \"\/><\/svg>\n<\/a>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"image-container\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-21-768x768.png\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-21-768x768.png 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1024px) 50vw, (min-width:768px) 100vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  role=\"none\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--featured-block \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--featured-block\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"text-image-container\">\n    <div class=\"text-container\">\n\n      \n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          This Bacterium Shoots Out Wires From Its Body To Power Itself\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      \n      \n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--link\">\n\n    \n    \n  \n<a \n  class=\"link\"\n  href= https:\/\/www.popsci.com\/article\/science\/bacterium-shoots-out-wires-its-body-power-itself\/\n  target=\"_blank\"  aria-label=\"Read more about Popular Science\"  \n>\n    Popular Science \n  <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 35 35\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 35 35\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><polygon fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" fill=\"#000\" points=\"19.3,27.5 29.3,17.5,19.3,7.5 16.3,10.4 21.4,15.4 6.7,15.4 6.7,19.6 21.4,19.6 16.3,24.6 \"\/><\/svg>\n<\/a>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"image-container\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2024\/10\/popular-science-768x630.png\"\n                    data-sizes=\"(min-width:1024px) 50vw, (min-width:768px) 100vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  role=\"none\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--featured-block \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--featured-block\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"text-image-container\">\n    <div class=\"text-container\">\n\n      \n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Public radio program The Academic Minute features \u201cUSC Dornsife Week\u201d\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      \n      \n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--link\">\n\n    \n    \n  \n<a \n  class=\"link\"\n  href= https:\/\/academicminute.org\/2019\/03\/moh-el-naggar-usc-dornsife-college-of-letters-arts-and-sciences-microorganisms\/\n  target=\"_blank\"  aria-label=\"Read more about Academica Minute\"  \n>\n    Academica Minute \n  <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 35 35\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 35 35\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><polygon fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" fill=\"#000\" points=\"19.3,27.5 29.3,17.5,19.3,7.5 16.3,10.4 21.4,15.4 6.7,15.4 6.7,19.6 21.4,19.6 16.3,24.6 \"\/><\/svg>\n<\/a>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"image-container\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/01\/Untitled-88-768x768.png\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/01\/Untitled-88-1280x1280.png 1280w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/01\/Untitled-88-768x768.png 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1024px) 50vw, (min-width:768px) 100vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  role=\"none\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--featured-block \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--featured-block\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"text-image-container\">\n    <div class=\"text-container\">\n\n      \n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Electric Bacteria: Out of the Darkness and into the Light\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n      \n      \n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--link\">\n\n    \n    \n  \n<a \n  class=\"link\"\n  href= https:\/\/www.the-scientist.com\/electric-bacteria-out-of-the-darkness-and-into-the-light-71683\n  target=\"_blank\"  aria-label=\"Read more about Moh El-Naggar on The Scientist\"  \n>\n    Moh El-Naggar on The Scientist \n  <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 35 35\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 35 35\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><polygon fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" fill=\"#000\" points=\"19.3,27.5 29.3,17.5,19.3,7.5 16.3,10.4 21.4,15.4 6.7,15.4 6.7,19.6 21.4,19.6 16.3,24.6 \"\/><\/svg>\n<\/a>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"image-container\">\n            \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-20-768x768.png\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2025\/04\/Untitled-20-768x768.png 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1024px) 50vw, (min-width:768px) 100vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  role=\"none\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--full-width-image-and-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--full-width-image-and-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      <div class=\"image-container\">\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2024\/10\/Untitled-66-768x432.png\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2024\/10\/Untitled-66-1920x1080.png 1920w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2024\/10\/Untitled-66-1280x720.png 1280w,https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/elnaggarlab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/445\/2024\/10\/Untitled-66-768x432.png 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n                  role=\"none\"\n        \n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"text-container\">\n\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--section-title\">\n\n    \n  <h2>\n          Research supported by\n      <\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n    \n      <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":640,"featured_media":903,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-452","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the 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