{"id":831,"date":"2023-04-04T12:19:16","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T19:19:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/earth\/?page_id=831"},"modified":"2026-02-12T13:45:51","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T21:45:51","slug":"courses","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/earth\/undergraduate\/courses\/","title":{"rendered":"Courses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n                                                                        \n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--accordions \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--accordions\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      <div class=\"header-container\">\n\n      \n                  \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  <p>Listed below are descriptions of the courses offered by the Earth Sciences department. Not all of these classes are offered every year. For a list of when courses are scheduled to be offered next through the Spring 2027 semester, please see <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1eDiA7SwN2uNoKDga3mjmMw20l9KBBGcnPrTEw2WYOwU\/edit?usp=sharing\">Future GEOL Course Offerings<\/a> (<em>USC-only access<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n      \n      \n    <\/div>\n  \n      <ul>\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-1-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-1-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GESM 140g Investigating Climate Influences on Earth\u2019s Habitability with the aid of Artificial Intelligence (4, Sp)<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-1-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-1-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>In this course you will learn about our climate system and what sets Earth\u2019s climate apart from other planets in the solar system and makes complex life possible. Physical, biological and chemical processes on Earth adhere to fundamental laws that you will learn about through examples facilitated by Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools. Essential questions to be explored will include how climatic variability and change has and does affect life on the planet. No prior training is required and there are no prerequisites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-2-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-2-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GESM 150 Earthquakes, Climate, and The Core: Earth Science in Cinema (4, Sp)<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-2-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-2-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Earth science is the study of our planet and all of the physical processes that shape it both today and in the distant past with real-world implications for society, from evolution and extinction to natural disasters. Some of these processes are introduced to popular culture from an unreliable source: disaster movies. This course is an introduction to how geoscientists apply biology, chemistry, and physics to better understand our dynamic planet, and will survey a wide range of topics from earthquakes and landslides to glaciers and climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-3-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-3-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GESM 150 Civilization as a Global Geosystem (4, Fa)<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-3-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-3-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Examine how civilization\u2014the collective sum of all human activities\u2014has grown into a global geosystem that is changing Earth\u2019s surface environment at a phenomenal rate. The main focus will be on three of the most serious forms of anthropogenic global change: global warming, ocean acidification, and loss of biodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-4-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-4-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GESM 150 Pollution and the Planet (4, Fa)<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-4-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-4-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>The goal of this course is to introduce students to the most common forms of environmental pollution and their impacts on human and ecosystem health. The course integrates the science of pollution sources and persistence in the environment with social and political issues surrounding environmental justice and sustainable development. Students will be expected to connect their understanding of course material to their lived experience beyond the university classroom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-5-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-5-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 105Lg Planet Earth (4, FaSpSm)<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-5-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-5-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Geologic structure and evolution of planet earth. Principles of plate tectonics, rocks and minerals, processes of mountain building, continent and ocean formation, earthquakes, volcanism, development of landforms by running water and glaciers. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 2 hours. One all-day or two-day field trip required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-6-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-6-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 107Lxg Oceanography (4, FaSp)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-6-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-6-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Physical, chemical, and geological character of the oceans and ocean basins. Origin of the oceans. Ocean processes and agents. Economic value of the oceans. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 2 hours. One all-day field trip required. Not available for major credit to earth or geological sciences majors<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-7-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-7-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 108Lg Natural Disasters and Their Global Impact (4, Sp)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-7-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-7-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>The science behind natural disasters and their impacts on society, focusing on earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes and wildfires, often through Southern California-based examples. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 2 hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-8-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-8-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 126Lg: The History of Life on Earth: A View from the Museum<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-8-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-8-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Topically-driven exploration of evolution, environmental change, and the history of life on Earth via the fossil record with the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles as a laboratory. How the changing Earth and life co-evolved through time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-9-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-9-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 150Lxg Climate Change (4, FaSp)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-9-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-9-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Climate systems from the beginning of Earth history to the present; tools and techniques used to reconstruct prehistoric climate records; effects of climate variations on development of life forms on Earth. Not available for major credit to earth or geological sciences majors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-10-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-10-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 160L Introduction to Geosystems (4, Sp)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-10-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-10-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Survey of natural geological\/environmental processes (systems) and variability active near Earth&#8217;s surface in the region that houses most life (the Biosphere). Corequisite: ENST-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-11-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-11-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 165g Metals and Life on Earth (4, Fa)<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-11-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-11-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>The role of metals in life, from the origin of life to modern environmental problems. Satisfies New General Education in Category D: Life Sciences<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-12-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-12-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 240Lxg Earthquakes (4, FaSpSm)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-12-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-12-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Causes of earthquakes and nature of large faults; earthquake hazard and risk; world&#8217;s great earthquakes; understanding the Richter scale. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 2 hours; one field trip required. Not available for major credit to earth or geological sciences majors. <em>Concurrent enrollment:\u00a0<\/em>MDA 140.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-13-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-13-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 241Lg Energy Systems<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-13-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-13-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Energy resources from a global perspective, including fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewable energy. Satisfies New General Education in Category E: Physical <span class=\"acalog-highlight-search-2\">Sciences <\/span>Satisfies Old General Education in Category IV: Science and Its Significance. Instruction Mode: Lecture, Lab Required. Grading Option: Letter<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-14-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-14-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 315L Minerals and Earth Systems (4, Fa)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-14-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-14-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Minerals and their formation in Earth geosystems; includes discussions of mineral properties, crystal structures, uses and biogeochemical importance. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 6 hours; required field trips. (Duplicates credit in former GEOL 215<em>aL<\/em>).\u00a0<em>Corequisite:\u00a0<\/em>CHEM 105<em>aL\u00a0<\/em>or CHEM 115<em>aL; recommended preparation:\u00a0<\/em>any introductory GEOL course.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-15-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-15-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 316L Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology (4, Sp)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-15-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-15-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Formation and identification of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks; interpretation of tectonic and environmental settings based on rock type and chemistry. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 3 hours; required field trips. (Duplicates credit in former GEOL 215<em>bL<\/em>).\u00a0<em>Prerequisite:\u00a0<\/em>GEOL 315L.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-16-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-16-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 320L Surficial Processes and Stratigraphic Systems (4, Fa)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-16-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-16-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Processes of erosion, sediment transport, and deposition that shape the land surface; landscape response to tectonism; recognition and interpretation of depositional environments in the stratigraphic record. (Duplicates credit in former GEOL 334<em>L,\u00a0<\/em>GEOL 451<em>L.<\/em>)\u00a0<em>Corequisite:\u00a0<\/em>GEOL 315<em>L<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-17-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-17-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 321L Structural Geology and Tectonics (4, Sp)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-17-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-17-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Field and theoretical aspects of rock deformation, analysis of structural systems, and stress and strain; orogenic belts and plate tectonics; introduction to field techniques and construction of geologic maps. <em>Recommended preparation:\u00a0<\/em>GEOL 320<em>L.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-18-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-18-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 351 Climate Systems (4, Sp)<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-18-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-18-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Introduces systems behavior in the context of climate dynamics. Modules of instruction geared to climate system application to real world problems. Lecture, 3 hours, laboratory, 2 hours. <em>Prerequisite:\u00a0<\/em>MATH 125<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-19-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-19-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 412 Oceans, Climate, and the Environment (4, Sp)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-19-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-19-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Survey of physical, chemical, and geological oceanography emphasizing the role of the oceans in modulation of climate, atmospheric composition and biogeochemical cycles; paleoceanography and paleoclimate. <em>Corequisite:\u00a0<\/em>CHEM 105<em>bL,\u00a0<\/em>MATH 126;\u00a0<em>recommended preparation:\u00a0<\/em>PHYS 151<em>L\u00a0<\/em>or PHYS 135<em>abL.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-20-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-20-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 415 Fundamentals of Environmental Data Science (4, Fa)<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-20-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-20-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Introduces fundamental concepts on\u00a0<span class=\"searchHighlight\">data<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"searchHighlight\">science<\/span>\u00a0for earth and environmental\u00a0<span class=\"searchHighlight\">science<\/span>\u00a0applications. Students will learn to load, filter, analyze, and summarize\u00a0<span class=\"searchHighlight\">data<\/span>\u00a0in python using widely available software packages. Following an introduction to\u00a0<span class=\"searchHighlight\">data<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"searchHighlight\">science<\/span>\u00a0in python, student will learn techniques for\u00a0<span class=\"searchHighlight\">data<\/span>\u00a0visualization and\u00a0<span class=\"searchHighlight\">data<\/span>-driven modeling in the Earth and environmental\u00a0<span class=\"searchHighlight\">science<\/span>s. We will additionally cover best practices around writing code including reproducibility, version control, and file structure management. Students will explore the full breadth of computational research through the completion of a computational research portfolio project on any topic of their choosing in the Earth and environmental\u00a0<span class=\"searchHighlight\">science<\/span>s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-21-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-21-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 425L Data Analysis in the Earth and Environmental Sciences (4 units)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-21-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-21-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Introduction to mathematical methods giving insight into Earth and Environmental data. Topics include: probability and statistics, timeseries analysis, spectral analysis, inverse theory, interpolation. Recommended Preparation: MATH 126, familiarity with matrix algebra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-22-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-22-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 427 The Global Environment (4, Sp) (Enroll in BISC 427)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-22-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-22-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Earth&#8217;s development as a habitable planet, from origin to human impacts on global biogeochemical cycles in the ocean, land, atmosphere. Discussion of environmental alternatives. <em>Prerequisite:\u00a0<\/em>BISC 120<em>L\u00a0<\/em>or BISC 121<em>L<\/em>; CHEM 105<em>bL\u00a0<\/em>or CHEM 115<em>bL<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-23-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-23-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 432L Introduction to Field Techniques (2, Fa)<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-23-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-23-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Introduction to field techniques used in a variety of Earth Science disciplines. Field and digital techniques for map making including use of GIS, GPS, and digital tablets. Field analyses of rocks and rock structures. Map interpretation and digital processing of field data. Includes weekly labs and some weekend field trips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-24-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-24-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 433L Paleontology and Evolution in Deep Time (4, Fa)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-24-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-24-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Origin and evolution of life; Precambrian life; evolutionary history of major groups during the Phanerozoic; mass extinctions; deep time and evolutionary processes. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory, 3 hours; required field trips. (Duplicates credit in former GEOL 333<em>L<\/em>.)\u00a0<em>Recommended preparation:\u00a0<\/em>any introductory GEOL course.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-25-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-25-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 435L Phylogenetic Systematics and Dinosaur Evolution (4)<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-25-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-25-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Systematics and evolutionary thought; constructing evolutionary trees; phylogenetic comparative methods (character evolution, coevolution, conservation, biogeography, diversification rates); dinosaur evolution, diversification and systematics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-26-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-26-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 440L Geophysics and Geoengineering (4, Sp)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-26-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-26-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Plate tectonics, magnetic and gravity fields, earthquakes, seismic waves, reflection and refraction seismics, heat transport, mantle convection, deep Earth structure, data analysis. Includes field trip. <em>Prerequisite:\u00a0<\/em>MATH 126;\u00a0<em>corequisite:\u00a0<\/em>PHYS 135<em>bL\u00a0<\/em>or PHYS 152<em>L<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-27-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-27-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 441 Seismic Exploration Geophysics (4, FaSp)<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-27-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-27-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Seismic wave theory, ray theory, reflection, refraction, data processing, signal enhancement, field instrumentation and techniques on land and at sea; geological interpretation of seismic data. One field trip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-28-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-28-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 445 Earth Climate: Past, Present, and Future (4, Fa)<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-28-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-28-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Examination of the tools used to reconstruct past climate change and a thorough discussion of past climate changes on earth with an emphasis on the recent past. Enroll in ENST 445. <em>Prerequisite:<\/em>\u00a0ENST 320b<br \/>\n<em>Recommended Preparation:<\/em>\u00a0any introductory GEOL course<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-29-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-29-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 450L Geosystems (4, Fa)<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-29-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-29-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Geosystems, such as mantle convection, active faults, climate, and the carbon cycle, will be studied using numerical models and concepts such as chaos, universality, emergence, and intermittency. Lecture, 3 hours, laboratory, 2 hours. <em>Prerequisite:\u00a0<\/em>MATH 125;\u00a0<em>recommended preparation:\u00a0<\/em>MATH 126.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-30-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-30-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 460L Geochemistry (4, FaSp)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-30-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-30-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Composition and origin of Earth; principles of physical chemistry applied to aqueous systems; reaction-diffusion modeling; principles of hydrology; environmental problems. Lecture, 3 hours; laboratory\/discussion, 2 hours. <em>Prerequisite:\u00a0<\/em>CHEM 105<em>bL\u00a0<\/em>or CHEM 115<em>bL\u00a0<\/em>and MATH 126.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-31-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-31-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 465 Field Geology (4, Sm) (Maymester)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-31-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-31-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Ten days to four weeks of field study in an area of geological complexity, with preparatory instruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-32-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-32-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 470 Environmental Hydrogeology (4, Fa)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-32-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-32-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Concepts in hydrogeology and their application to environmental problems. Topics include groundwater chemistry and hydrology, contaminants and their behavior. Guest lectures on regulations and remediation techniques. <em>Recommended preparation:\u00a0<\/em>GEOL 460<em>L.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-33-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-33-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 483 Geobiology and Astrobiology (4, Sp) <\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-33-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-33-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Relationships between microbiota and the earth environment including the hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere, with consideration of the potential for life on other planets. Enroll in BISC 483. <em>Prerequisites:<\/em>\u00a0(BISC 120Lg\u00a0or\u00a0BISC 121Lg) and (CHEM 105bL\u00a0or\u00a0CHEM 108L)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-34-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-34-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 490x Directed Research (2-8 units, max 8)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-34-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-34-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Individual research and readings. Not available for graduate credit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-35-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-35-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 494x Senior Thesis (2 units)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-35-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-35-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p>Writing of a thesis under individual faculty supervision. Not available for graduate credit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n              <li>\n          <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-trigger \" id=\"heading-1-36-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-controls=\"section-1-36-6eVnD5eDTH\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-disabled=\"false\">\n                          <span class=\"item-title\">GEOL 499 Special Topics (2-4, max 8)\u00a0<\/span>\n            \n                      <\/button>\n\n          <div id=\"section-1-36-6eVnD5eDTH\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"heading-1-36-6eVnD5eDTH\" class=\"accordion-panel\">\n\n                            \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n      \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <div class=\"col-main\">\n<div class=\"html-content lg-font\">\n<p>Special topics in the earth sciences. Field trip required when appropriate to the topic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n            \n                      <\/div>\n        <\/li>\n\n          <\/ul>\n  \n  \n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--spacer \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--spacer\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--spacer \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--spacer\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":332,"featured_media":0,"parent":188,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-831","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - 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