{"id":5888,"date":"2009-06-10T10:37:30","date_gmt":"2009-06-10T10:37:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping-british-missionary-societies-the-east-india-company-and-the-india-to-china-opium-trade\/"},"modified":"2025-01-06T03:43:32","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T03:43:32","slug":"redeeming-ruling-and-reaping","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/","title":{"rendered":"Redeeming, Ruling, and Reaping: British Missionary Societies, the East India Company, and the India-to-China Opium Trade"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n<\/div>\n \n \n
\n \n \n
\n\n \n

Redeeming, Ruling, and Reaping: British Missionary Societies, the East India Company, and the India-to-China Opium Trade<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n \n \n By<\/span>Jon Miller<\/strong>\n \n June 10, 2009<\/span>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n
\n \n \n Share\n <\/span>\n \n \n <\/svg>\n <\/span>\n Copy Link<\/span>\n <\/a>\n \n \n <\/svg>\n <\/span>\n Facebook<\/span>\n <\/a>\n \n \n \n\n<\/svg>\n\n <\/span>\n X<\/span>\n <\/a>\n \n \n <\/svg>\n <\/span>\n LinkedIn<\/span>\n <\/a>\n \n \n \n \n <\/svg>\n <\/span>\n Bluesky<\/span>\n <\/a>\n \n \n <\/svg>\n <\/span>\n Email<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n \n\n\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n
\n\n \n

“Redeeming, Ruling, and Reaping” was published in the <\/em>Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 48, no. 2 ( June 2009): 332-352.<\/em><\/p>\n

Jon Miller<\/a>, senior research associate with CRCC, and Gregory Stanczak argue that the campaigns by British missionaries to abolish the opium trade at the end of the 19th century masked the “preceding half-century of accommodations and compromises with the opium traffic.”<\/p>\n

Here’s the abstract for the article:<\/p>\n

“At the end of the 19th century, British missionaries campaigned to abolish the India-to-China opium trade, whose profits were crucial for British ambitions in Asia. This challenge by the missionaries had been slow to emerge, however, and focusing only on that well-known opposition masks the preceding half-century of accommodations and compromises with the opium traffic, both on the production end (Bengal) and on the receiving end (in Macau and Canton). Our research addresses the subjective calculus that was at work for the missionaries and asks how their reading of that calculus affected their movement across the spectrum from unconcern to outrage about opium. At the core of their enterprise from beginning to end was their unwavering commitment to the evangelical “Great Commission,” which spelled out the obligation to bring the Christian gospel to unsaved multitudes around the world. We argue that they consistently embraced whatever was pragmatically necessary to advance that goal and resisted whatever threatened to block movement toward it. Beneath changeability on the surface, a thread of value-rational coherence ran through a century of calculated and strategic missionary activity. The same thread is likely to be in evidence in other theaters of global evangelism where missionaries were (are) involved in secular controversies.”<\/p>\n

Read the article online at Wiley-Blackwell<\/a><\/p>\n

Download a PDF of the report.<\/a><\/h4>\n

Photo: Opium Den<\/a> from International Mission Photography Archive<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jon Miller, senior research associate with CRCC, and Gregory Stanczak argue that the campaigns by British missionaries to abolish the opium trade at the end of the 19th century masked the \u201cpreceding half-century of accommodations and compromises with the opium traffic.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":813,"featured_media":103181,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[28],"class_list":["post-5888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-racial-justice"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRedeeming, Ruling, and Reaping: British Missionary Societies, the East India Company, and the India-to-China Opium Trade<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Redeeming, Ruling, and Reaping: British Missionary Societies, the East India Company, and the India-to-China Opium Trade - Center for Religion and Civic Culture\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jon Miller, senior research associate with CRCC, and Gregory Stanczak argue that the campaigns by British missionaries to abolish the opium trade at the end of the 19th century masked the \u201cpreceding half-century of accommodations and compromises with the opium traffic.\u201d\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Center for Religion and Civic Culture\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2009-06-10T10:37:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-06T03:43:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/105\/2009\/06\/Untitled-design-20-1024x589.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"589\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"saserran\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"saserran\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/#\/schema\/person\/9d9d75da91a2178efdd84e4b35717cab\"},\"headline\":\"Redeeming, Ruling, and Reaping: British Missionary Societies, the East India Company, and the India-to-China Opium Trade\",\"datePublished\":\"2009-06-10T10:37:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-06T03:43:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/\"},\"wordCount\":16,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/105\/2009\/06\/Untitled-design-20.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Racial Justice\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/\",\"name\":\"Redeeming, Ruling, and Reaping: British Missionary Societies, the East India Company, and the India-to-China Opium Trade - Center for Religion and Civic Culture\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/105\/2009\/06\/Untitled-design-20.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2009-06-10T10:37:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-06T03:43:32+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/#\/schema\/person\/9d9d75da91a2178efdd84e4b35717cab\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/105\/2009\/06\/Untitled-design-20.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/105\/2009\/06\/Untitled-design-20.png\",\"width\":2000,\"height\":1150},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Redeeming, Ruling, and Reaping: British Missionary Societies, the East India Company, and the India-to-China Opium Trade\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/\",\"name\":\"Center for Religion and Civic Culture\",\"description\":\"USC Dornsife Center for Religion and Civic Culture\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/#\/schema\/person\/9d9d75da91a2178efdd84e4b35717cab\",\"name\":\"saserran\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2376dcb43f56519eca2dbcc1d3d8624b8fe90dc3ac2ddef7a2ec7790d404c7d8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2376dcb43f56519eca2dbcc1d3d8624b8fe90dc3ac2ddef7a2ec7790d404c7d8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"saserran\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/author\/saserran\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Redeeming, Ruling, and Reaping: British Missionary Societies, the East India Company, and the India-to-China Opium Trade","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Redeeming, Ruling, and Reaping: British Missionary Societies, the East India Company, and the India-to-China Opium Trade - Center for Religion and Civic Culture","og_description":"Jon Miller, senior research associate with CRCC, and Gregory Stanczak argue that the campaigns by British missionaries to abolish the opium trade at the end of the 19th century masked the \u201cpreceding half-century of accommodations and compromises with the opium traffic.\u201d","og_url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/","og_site_name":"Center for Religion and Civic Culture","article_published_time":"2009-06-10T10:37:30+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-01-06T03:43:32+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":589,"url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/105\/2009\/06\/Untitled-design-20-1024x589.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"saserran","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/"},"author":{"name":"saserran","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/#\/schema\/person\/9d9d75da91a2178efdd84e4b35717cab"},"headline":"Redeeming, Ruling, and Reaping: British Missionary Societies, the East India Company, and the India-to-China Opium Trade","datePublished":"2009-06-10T10:37:30+00:00","dateModified":"2025-01-06T03:43:32+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/"},"wordCount":16,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/105\/2009\/06\/Untitled-design-20.png","keywords":["Racial Justice"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/","url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/","name":"Redeeming, Ruling, and Reaping: British Missionary Societies, the East India Company, and the India-to-China Opium Trade - Center for Religion and Civic Culture","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/105\/2009\/06\/Untitled-design-20.png","datePublished":"2009-06-10T10:37:30+00:00","dateModified":"2025-01-06T03:43:32+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/#\/schema\/person\/9d9d75da91a2178efdd84e4b35717cab"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/105\/2009\/06\/Untitled-design-20.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/105\/2009\/06\/Untitled-design-20.png","width":2000,"height":1150},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/redeeming-ruling-and-reaping\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Redeeming, Ruling, and Reaping: British Missionary Societies, the East India Company, and the India-to-China Opium Trade"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/","name":"Center for Religion and Civic Culture","description":"USC Dornsife Center for Religion and Civic Culture","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/#\/schema\/person\/9d9d75da91a2178efdd84e4b35717cab","name":"saserran","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2376dcb43f56519eca2dbcc1d3d8624b8fe90dc3ac2ddef7a2ec7790d404c7d8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2376dcb43f56519eca2dbcc1d3d8624b8fe90dc3ac2ddef7a2ec7790d404c7d8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"saserran"},"url":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/author\/saserran\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5888","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/813"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5888"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5888\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":103198,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5888\/revisions\/103198"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/103181"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5888"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/crcc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}