The purpose of this systematic review was to identify controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of contingency paradigm–based interventions to improve feeding, motor, or cognitive outcomes during the first year of life. Read More
Previous studies among adolescents conceptualize behavioral cognitions [e.g., intentions and perceived behavioral control (PBC)] as stable trait-like factors despite evidence suggesting they vary momentarily. We examined whether intentions and PBC momentarily relate to subsequent sedentary time during non-school periods. Healthy adolescents (N = 15, ages 11–15) reported their intentions and PBC regarding sedentary leisure behaviors via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) up to seven times/day for 14 days. Sedentary time in the two hours following each EMA prompt was measured by ActivPAL accelerometers. When participants reported greater sedentary intentions (within-person β = 1.1, 95% CI 0.2, 2.1, p = 0.0213) and sedentary PBC (within-person β = 1.7, 95% CI 0.6, 2.8, p = 0.0029), they accumulated greater sedentary time. This demonstrates that sedentary intentions and PBC are acutely associated with sedentary time among adolescents. Our findings highlight the potential for implementing just-in-time activity interventions among adolescents during at-risk periods within the day, characterized by deviations from one’s usual intentions and PBC levels. Read More
Cannabis is obtained from a variety retail and illicit sources, with unknown implications for youth cannabis use. This study assessed whether source of obtaining cannabis was associated with future cannabis use among adolescents. Read More
This study evaluated whether caregiver-provided learning opportunities moderated the effect of START-Play physical therapy intervention on the cognitive skills of young children with neuromotor delays, and whether START-Play impacted caregiver-provided learning opportunities over time. Read More
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is used to gather in-situ self-report on behaviors using mobile devices. Microinteraction EMA (μEMA), is a type of EMA where each survey is only one single question that can be answered with a glanceable microinteraction on a smartwatch. Prior work shows that even when μEMA interrupts far more frequently than smartphone-EMA, μEMA yields higher response rates with lower burden. We examined the contextual biases associated with non-response of μEMA prompts on a smartwatch. Based on prior work on EMA non-response and smartwatch use, we identified 10 potential contextual biases from three categories: temporal (time of the day, parts of waking day, day of the week, and days in study), device use (screen state, charging status, battery mode, and phone usage), and activity (wrist motion and location). We used data from a longitudinal study where 131 participants (Mean age 22.9 years, SD = 3.0) responded to μEMA surveys on a smartwatch for at least six months. Using mixed-effects logistic regression, we found that all temporal, activity/mobility, and device use variables had a statistically significant (p Read More
Psychiatric symptoms are commonly comorbid in childhood. The ability to disentangle unique and shared correlates of comorbid symptoms facilitates personalized medicine. Cognitive control is implicated broadly in psychopathology, including in pediatric disorders characterized by anxiety and irritability. To disentangle cognitive control correlates of anxiety versus irritability, the current study leveraged both cross-sectional and longitudinal data from early childhood into adolescence. Read More
These results indicate that higher time spent in PA is associated with greater cortical thickness, a relationship that appears to be stronger during young adulthood and may be related to more favorable brain health outcomes. Read More
Pregnant women's daily time-activity and mobility patterns determine their environmental exposures and subsequently related health effects. Most studies ignore these and assess pregnancy exposures using static residential measures. Read More
Rapid repeat pregnancy is associated with negative outcomes for teen mothers and their offspring. Contraceptive use can reduce this risk. We explored the impact of AIM for Teen Moms, a future-oriented behavioral intervention, on emotional and tangible support and the influence of this support on the attitudes, intentions, and past 3-month contraceptive use behaviors. Read More
We examined the within-person longitudinal and bidirectional associations between patterns of sedentary time accumulation [alpha (sedentary bout duration/length), sedentary breaks (number of breaks in sedentary bouts)], and symptoms of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Read More
