{"id":725,"date":"2017-03-29T21:19:00","date_gmt":"2017-03-29T21:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/armenian\/?p=725"},"modified":"2024-06-11T16:57:06","modified_gmt":"2024-06-11T16:57:06","slug":"protecting-sovereignty-or-disciplining-critics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/armenian\/2017\/03\/29\/protecting-sovereignty-or-disciplining-critics\/","title":{"rendered":"Protecting Sovereignty or Disciplining Critics?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Aleksandr Lapshin in Tbilisi. Via Wikimedia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Protecting Sovereignty or Disciplining Critics?<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n \n \n By<\/span>Emil Sanamyan<\/strong>\n \n March 29, 2017<\/span>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Aleksandr Lapshin, a travel writer holding Israeli, Russian and Ukrainian citizenship, was arrested in Belarus and extradited to Azerbaijan on February 7. The authoritarian leader of Belarus was apparently acting on a personal request from his Azerbaijani counterpart. Shortly before Lapshin\u2019s arrest in Minsk on December 13, 2016, Aleksandr Lukashenko met Ilham Aliyev\u00a0to seek<\/a>\u00a0\u201cdiscounted\u201d Azerbaijani oil sales to Belarus.<\/p>\n

Jailed now for over three months now, Lapshin is facing charges of \u201cillegal entry\u201d into Azerbaijan and \u201cmaking calls\u201d against the Azerbaijani state. As has become the norm in the post-Soviet space, Azerbaijani officials have ignored requests\u00a0from the OSCE, Amnesty International and the Committee to Protect Journalists to cease its crackdown on\u00a0free speech and, specifically, to release Lapshin. Diplomatic interventions by Russia and Israel have not helped either.<\/p>\n

The Karabakh Black List<\/p>\n

Most commentators see Lapshin\u2019s prosecution in the context of his trips to Nagorno Karabakh in 2011 and 2012. The Azerbaijani leadership claims\u00a0Nagorno Karabakh as its territory taken away\u00a0by Armenia and calls all forms of human activity\u00a0there \u201cillegal.\u201d This includes foreign tourism, media reporting and travel writing. Thousands of people visit Karabakh annually, but so far only several hundred have been added to Azerbaijan\u2019s Black List of people consequently prohibited from visiting Azerbaijan. Lapshin is among them.<\/p>\n

There are two main reasons for this disparity in numbers.<\/p>\n

First, the majority of visitors to Karabakh are ethnic Armenians from other countries and they are already prohibited from visiting Azerbaijan by virtue of their names\u00a0and independent of their citizenship. Those who end up crossing into Azerbaijan, get arrested. In one recent case, Marat Ueldanov, a\u00a0Baku-born ethnic Armenian<\/a>\u00a0and a Russian citizen who took on his wife\u2019s last name and worked for the Autograph hotel in Baku, was jailed in Azerbaijan since June of last year.<\/p>\n

Second, not all visits by non-Armenians to Karabakh become news. Most of the times those blacklisted are politicians or prominent cultural figures, perhaps most famously Spanish opera singer Montserrat Caball\u00e9,\u00a0rather than regular tourists.<\/p>\n

Why did the Aliyev regime go after Lapshin?<\/p>\n

Of\u00a0more than 400 people\u00a0on the Black List<\/a>, Azerbaijan has zeroed in on Lapshin, a popular blogger but certainly not the most prominent figure in that list. Why?<\/p>\n

Lapshin never took sides in the Karabakh conflict and wrote with sympathy for Azerbaijanis. Lapshin\u2019s trips to Karabakh would likely have continued to be\u00a0a non-issue, had it not been for his writing. In June 2016, Lapshin went to Azerbaijan on its government\u2019s invitation and while he was on the black least. During that trip, he published several long blog entries about his visit while still in Baku. Those included a photo report from Baku slums not far from the upgraded city center promoted by the Aliyev regime as the new face of the country.<\/p>\n

After leaving Azerbaijan,\u00a0he publicly\u00a0derided its officials\u00a0<\/a>and even the \u201cnational leader\u201d Heydar Aliyev. Azerbaijani officials take such public\u00a0offenses to heart.\u00a0Just months earlier, two local young men were arrested for writing offensive\u00a0political graffiti<\/a>\u00a0on the Aliyev monument in Baku; they were since sentenced to ten years in prison.<\/p>\n

In July 2016, Azerbaijan launched a manhunt for Lapshin and eventually in December had him ambushed in Minsk. (Lapshin announced his trip to Belarus on his blog days in advance.) In five months between July and December, Lapshin traveled to a dozen, mostly European countries, including Georgia and the Baltic states, but officials there\u00a0 refused to heed\u00a0Azerbaijan\u2019s requests for his arrest or possibly did not receive\u00a0them.<\/p>\n

While most Azerbaijanis, Armenians and others, put the Lapshin story in the context of the Karabakh conflict, the Baku graffiti writers never visited Karabakh, but are in prison anyway. Even without traveling to Karabakh, had Lapshin only traveled to Azerbaijan and written what he had, he would still likely be in trouble with the regime.<\/p>\n

The Fatullayev precedent<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Fatullayev in Karabakh in 2005<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

A full decade earlier, the Azerbaijani government already used a trip to Karabakh to prosecute one of its most vociferous critics at the time, journalist\u00a0Eynulla Fatullayev<\/a>. Fatullayev visited Karabakh in February 2005 and filed\u00a0a trip report that was controversial in Azerbaijan. But even before that trip, Fatullayev had been prosecuted for his writings and assaulted in the streets. In March 2005, only weeks after Fatullayev\u2019s trip, his editor Elmar Huseynov was assassinated. The following year, Fatullayev suspended publication after his father was kidnapped. It was not until 2007\u00a0that he was formally charged with \u201cslander\u201d over his Karabakh reporting and sentenced to prison.<\/p>\n

There is little doubt that the main reason for\u00a0Fatullayev\u2019s harassment was not the trip to Karabakh, but his reporting on Azerbaijani politics. Following his release from prison, Fatullayev has changed direction and\u00a0is now known<\/a>\u00a0for his articles attacking anti-government politicians and activists, particularly officials suspected of disloyalty.<\/p>\n

Fatullayev\u2019s prosecution, however, also had another effect. For over a decade, no Azerbaijani journalists, not even from dissident media working from relative safety of Europe, have dared to visit Karabakh.<\/p>\n

What is notable is that by framing Lapshin\u2019s arrest as part of the nationalist agenda, the Azerbaijani government succeeded in muting virtually all\u00a0domestic criticism of the case. A prominent investigative journalist Khadija Ismayilova, defended by Amal Clooney and herself only just released from prison\u00a0after international pressure,\u00a0tweeted<\/a>\u00a0in support of Lapshin\u2019s arrest.<\/p>\n

So far,\u00a0Lapshin\u2019s prosecution has not deterred visits to Karabakh, if that was the intention. Earlier this month,\u00a0a group of travel bloggers<\/a>, including those from\u00a0Belarus, Israel and Russia, went\u00a0to Karabakh, primarily\u00a0to\u00a0protest\u00a0Lapshin\u2019s arrest. The blogger remains jailed in Baku, his fate uncertain.<\/p>\n

9\/14\/2017 UPDATE<\/p>\n

After being sentenced to three years in prison, Lapshin was pardoned by Ilham Aliyev and returned to Israel. According to\u00a0reporting by\u00a0Haaretz<\/em><\/a>, Aliyev\u2019s decision came unexpectedly for Israel\u2019s embassy in Baku.\u00a0The pardon coincided with Azerbaijani-Israeli talks over\u00a0weapons contracts<\/a>\u00a0and followed Lapshin\u2019s beating in his prison cell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":139,"featured_media":726,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-institute-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nProtecting Sovereignty or Disciplining Critics?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/armenian\/2017\/03\/29\/protecting-sovereignty-or-disciplining-critics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Protecting Sovereignty or Disciplining Critics? 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