{"id":1081,"date":"2018-03-26T18:11:00","date_gmt":"2018-03-26T18:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/armenian\/?p=1081"},"modified":"2024-07-10T17:49:04","modified_gmt":"2024-07-10T17:49:04","slug":"qa-with-emil-sanamyan-on-armenian-azerbaijani-frontline-changes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/armenian\/2018\/03\/26\/qa-with-emil-sanamyan-on-armenian-azerbaijani-frontline-changes\/","title":{"rendered":"Q&A with Emil Sanamyan: On Armenian-Azerbaijani Frontline Changes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Emil Sanamyan at USC conference in April 2017. Civilnet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Q&A with Emil Sanamyan: On Armenian-Azerbaijani Frontline Changes<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n \n \n By<\/span>Tatul Hakobyan<\/strong>\n \n March 26, 2018<\/span>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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While Armenia, Azerbaijan and Nagorno Karabakh agreed to a cease-fire in May 1994, their forces have not been completely stationary. In addition to April 2016, when Azerbaijani forces gained roughly 8 square kilometers of territory (about 5 in the northeast and 3 in southeast), forces on both sides sought to improve their positions moving into previous no-man\u2019s land, particularly in mountainous areas. Tatul Hakobyan discussed such redeployments with Emil Sanamyan, editor of the\u00a0Focus on Karabakh<\/a>. Originally published by\u00a0Civilnet<\/em><\/a>\u00a0on March 24, 2018.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

TH:\u00a0<\/strong>Mihran Hakobyan, the ruling party MP, recently claimed that during Serzh Sargsyan\u2019s presidency, the Armenian army took control of 200 square kilometers of land in Armenia-Nakhichevan border. His comment came after criticism that during Sargsyan\u2019s presidency Armenian forces lost 8 square kilometers of land in Karabakh. We know that in Nakhichevan direction there were some changes in 2014-5 in Armenia\u2019s favor, but can we really talk about 200 square kilometers (or 20,000 hectares)?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ES<\/strong>: The entire length of Armenia-Nakhichevan border is less than 200 kilometers, so obviously this number is exaggerated or control is being confused with ability to observe or monitor. While there were some redeployments made in the direction of Nakhichevan, specifically in the area southwest of Sisian, the area in question is roughly between 10 and 20 square kilometers (or 1,000 to 2,000 hectares). By the way, a similar redeployment happened in June 2008, when Armenian forces moved up positions to Mt. Gyamish (Gomshasar) on the Mrav mountain range.<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Area south \/ southwest of Sisian where Armenian forces re-deployed into previously neutral high ground in June 2014. Google map<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

TH:\u00a0<\/strong>What is the difference between these changes, strategically and militarily?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ES<\/strong>: If the question is about territorial changes in Sisian or Mrav areas compared to the outcome of the April war of 2016, then the positions in Sisian and on Mrav are on higher elevation (rising above 3,000 meters) and one could say more strategic, giving Armenian units a largely unencumbered view of the towns of Nakhichevan and Ganja, whereas the hills captured by Azerbaijanis near Talish and Horadiz, each of which is about 400-600 meters high, are of more tactical significance.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Of course, there is also a big difference in how these were captured. Most significantly, Armenian soldiers died defending Laletepe and the heights of Talish, while there were no casualties directly as a result of Armenian redeployments in 2008 and 2014-15, since they were moving into the previously neutral ground, though of course not without difficulty considering the geography.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

But loss of life always gives events like these more significance. While loss of territory, particularly at such tactical level as happened in Talish and Horadiz, is quite understandable, the government and the experts must study what led to the significant loss of life at these posts, especially the 19 deaths at or near Laletepe, and also throughout the April War. It is necessary to understand how the likelihood of such events could be diminished in the future.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Comments like those of Mihran Hakobyan seem to equate these two different types of events and gloss over the cost Armenian soldiers paid in the April War. As did, by the way, Serzh Sargsyan\u2019s comments when he said in May 2016 that the heights lost were of no significance.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

TH:\u00a0<\/strong>We know that since the 1994 May ceasefire, the Line of Contact changed primarily because the Azerbaijani forces moved forward and took control of no man\u2019s land. Have there been any studies conducted to understand which side has gained more since 1994?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ES<\/strong>: Just looking at Google Maps over the years one could observe new trench work due to Azerbaijani redeployments particularly in the lowland areas, from Araxes River in the south to Inja River near Talish.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>If in 1994 no-man\u2019s land was fairly large, in some places stretching for kilometers, since the 2000s, because of Azerbaijani redeployments into the former neutral zone, no-man\u2019s land has been reduced to less than a few hundred meters in most areas.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

One immediate consequence of this was more casualties from sniper fire, on both sides. Another consequence of this proximity in frontline posts is that this made hit-and-run type diversionary attacks by Azerbaijani forces easier to pull off, resulting in mounting casualties especially since 2014 and eventually in April 2016.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

TH:\u00a0<\/strong>What about the Armenia-Azerbaijan border. What kind of changes took place since 1994 and in what directions?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ES<\/strong>: From 1992 to 1994, there was considerably less fighting on Armenia-Azerbaijan border than in Karabakh. Post-1994, the situation evolved differently in southern and northeastern Armenian borders.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Nakhichevan border, specifically, there was no serious fighting after May 1992, because at the time the leader of Nakhichevan, Heydar Aliyev, agreed to a separate cease-fire with the Armenian government. On the other side of the Syunik border, there was serious fighting and bombing by Azerbaijan \u2013 particularly of Kapan \u2013 until 1993, when adjacent Azerbaijani districts were captured.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Since 1994, you had, on one hand de-militarization of eastern side of Syunik, and on the other, militarization of Armenia-Nakhichevan border. However, to this day Nakhichevan remains the quietest stretch of Armenian-Azerbaijani frontline in part because of the high altitude of most of the border, and in part because of the political decision by Azerbaijani leadership not to escalate tensions there.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

By contrast, Armenia\u2019s northeastern border has been much tenser. The main reason for this is that Armenian villages and roads are in a very close proximity to Azerbaijani positions in that area and Azerbaijani forces control some of the high ground, especially in Tavush. During some time periods since 1994, the major frontline Armenian-Azerbaijani escalations would often occur in Tavush rather than in Karabakh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Thus, in June 2004 there was deadly fighting around a pumping station at the Joghaz reservoir. In spring 2006 there was intense sniper war near\u00a0Noyemberian. In spring 2012 there was another round of escalation in the Berd area. Finally, there were intense mortar attacks on Armenian villages in September 2015, resulting in three civilians killed. Since then Azerbaijan has mostly avoided escalations in that area, after \u2013 I suspect \u2013 receiving certain signals from Russia and of course because of Armenian retaliation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":139,"featured_media":1082,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-focus-on-karabakh"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nQ&A with Emil Sanamyan: On Armenian-Azerbaijani Frontline Changes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/armenian\/2018\/03\/26\/qa-with-emil-sanamyan-on-armenian-azerbaijani-frontline-changes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Q&A with Emil Sanamyan: On Armenian-Azerbaijani Frontline Changes - 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