{"id":1077,"date":"2023-07-25T18:48:45","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T01:48:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/live-usc-dornsife.pantheonsite.io\/alexander-zholkovsky\/?page_id=1077"},"modified":"2024-01-04T16:57:28","modified_gmt":"2024-01-05T00:57:28","slug":"yale","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/alexander-zholkovsky\/yale\/","title":{"rendered":"Poetry of Grammar or Pragmatics of Poetry?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Confessions of a Compulsive Conservative<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alexander\u00a0 ZHOLKOVSKY (USC, Los Angeles)<\/p>\n

I had qualms about participating in this colloquium. Along with various practical reasons there was a theoretical one. I have long been out of love with theory and couldn’t possibly think of anything constructive\u2014or, deconstructive, for that matter\u2014to say. What made up my mind was the anticipated pleasure not so much of\u00a0speaking<\/em>\u00a0as\u00a0listening\u00a0<\/em>to an elite group of colleagues\u2014and the organizers\u2019 tapping of my foible for the confessional mode, which I am now going to indulge.<\/p>\n

My tastes are naturally conservative. The passage in Russian literature with which I identify most acutely comes, in accordance with Dostoevsky, from Gogol’s \u201cOvercoat\u201d. It\u2019s the one where \u201cat the word ‘new\u2019<\/em>\u00a0[\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435 ‘\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e<\/em>‘]Akaky Akakievich’s eyes fogged over and everything in the room started swinging confusedly.\u201d There was a good measure of conservatism already in my and Shcheglov’s early generativist project, as we set out to formulate a technical framework for a very traditional\u2014\u201ccommensensical\u201d\u2014view of literary competence. With age, I have become even more conservative (and hopefully, more commonsensical), in accordance this time with Winston Churchill.<\/p>\n

My Soviet structuralist disposition was challenged as soon as I arrived to these shores in 1980. I was promptly initiated into the poststructuralist agenda by no less an authority than Jonathan Culler, who at the same time generously introduced my generativist book (Themes and Texts<\/em>) to the American reader. Yet, I remember defiantly confessing to Jonathan two decades ago, that, fascinated as I was by reading\u00a0On Deconstruction<\/em>, I failed to see what it had to do with whatever interested me in, say, Pasternak’s poetry. I was more attracted by the rather moderate\u2014structuralist-intertextualist-mildly-poststructuralist\u2014work of Michael Riffaterre. Another important poststructuralist push came from the work of and discussions with Boris Gasparov. On the whole, very soon in my American avatar, I came to the tolerant conclusion that all genres were good, not excluding,\u00a0pace\u00a0<\/em>Voltaire, the boring, certainly not the \u201csemantic haloes\u201d studies of the Kiril Taranovsky-Mikhail Gasparov school. I think that the various literary theories and models are best seen as the many tools on the wall of an archetypal American toolshed, each with its specific appropriate use, none exclusively and universally \u201cright.\u201d And I believe that such an unprincipled approach\u2014eclectic, postmodern, pluralist, polyphonic, alternativistic, call it whatever\u2014may be preferable to any one single-minded grand utopian model.<\/p>\n

Among the major recent contributions to Slavic theory I count the\u00a0zhiznetvorchestvo\u00a0<\/em>(\u201clife-creation,\u201d or \u201cself-fashioning\u201d) approach, some of whose leading practitioners are present here today. In the years of its gestation on the American soil (because, of course, it goes back to Lotman, Lidiia Ginzburg and Khodasevich), I had the privilege of close contacts with Olga Matich and Irina Paperno. From my structuralist cocoon I couldn’t at first understand what the ado was about. I kept asking, What textual problem calls for all this preoccupation with biography? Which text that otherwise defies analysis are you hoping to explicate in this way? Why would anyone want to know more about this pathetic loser Nina Petrovskaia?<\/p>\n

On a more dramatic note, I remember giving a paper (one of my finest, I think, as well as admittedly most boring) about Pasternak’s figurative voices (”voices” in the grammatical sense of verbal\u00a0zalogi<\/em>)\u2014almost two decades ago, at an AATSEEL meeting in New York, more or less on New Year’s eve, and if memory doesn’t fail me, in one of the World Trade Center Towers. The discussant, a prominent Slavist, spent all his\/her time and more talking about the papers of the other panelists, who happened to be his\/her graduate students, now praising, now quibbling with their detailed itemization of Nina Petrovskaia’s days and labors. S\/he cursorily excused him\/her-self from commenting upon mine, which through one of those scheduling whims was put on the same panel (probably the only one on 20-th century poetry anyway), saying s\/he had only received a draft version. Frankly, I do not think s\/he was\u2014or is\u2014qualified to comprehend its underlying linguistics, draft\u00a0or<\/em>\u00a0final cut. Thus, a lack of understanding was sometimes quite mutual. It took several years for someone back in Russia with a strong linguistic background to notice and appreciate the article\u2014as well as for me to start teaching\u00a0zhiznetvorchetsvo\u00a0<\/em>in my graduate courses.<\/p>\n

\n

Indeed, only gradually did I realize that in self-fashioning studies the text under analysis was the life-text itself\u2014in a break with the formalist\/structuralist focus on literariness. Or, rather\u2014in an extension of literariness, i. e. of the assumption of rhetorical patterning\u2014to the interpretation of a creatively structured biography. Once this dawned on me, I saw where the most interesting\u2014and soothingly conservative\u2014challenge lay: in reading the literary text\u00a0plus<\/em>\u00a0the author\u2019s life-text as a single macrotext with the help of structuralist techniques and thus eventually beating life-creationists at their own game. This fueled a series of my demythologizing projects: on Akhmatova’s lady-into-peasant totalitarianism, Pasternak’s sisterly assimilationism, and Zoshchenko’s lifelong poetics and prosaics of mistrust. The point of such excercises is, in the more obvious instances, to establish a uniformity of life-texts and texts proper in terms of invariant motifs; in the less obvious cases,\u2014to discern more complex continuities based on contrast rather than similarity. In fact, contrast is still a Jakobsonian parallelism\u2014just another pattern, another expressive device. In this way, I would say, structuralist tools are not so much discarded as modified, extended, perfected\u2014vindicated, after all.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

I must confess that in working on Zoshchenko\u2014his comic and \u201cserious\u201d works and the text of his biography (collated from his autopsychoanalytical writing and memoiristic materials about him), I was surprised by the possibility of a seamless fusion of structuralist and poststructuralist modes of study. But then, my underlying impulse was not to prove a theoretical point, but to understand, as best I could, a writer who had always fascinated and puzzled me,\u2014to figure out\u00a0chto u nego vnutri<\/em>\u00a0(\u201cwhat is inside him\u201d), naive and essentialist as it may sound.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n

This much for literary pragmatics. My next\u2014and current\u2014project is even more traditionally structuralist, but by the same token it has a robust theoretical component. A couple of years ago I came across a poem by a major living Russian poet Sergei Gandlevskii [<\/a>example 27<\/a><\/strong>]. I loved it and proceeded to familiarize myself with extant criticism, which, it turned out, had focussed on direct subtexts: one by Aleksandr Blok (\u201cGreshit\u2019 besstydno, neprobudno…\u201d [To sin shamelessly, without awakening…;\u00a0[<\/a>example 20<\/a><\/strong>]), another by Joseph Brodskii (\u201cRodit\u2019sia by sto let nazad…\u201d [To be born a hundred years ago…;\u00a0<\/a>example 24<\/a><\/strong>]). A list of other virtual subtexts suggested itself: poems by Afanasii Fet [<\/a>example 18<\/a><\/strong>], Boris Pasternak [not on the handout<\/strong>] and Aleksei Tsvetkov [<\/a>example 26<\/a><\/strong>], Marina Tsvetaeva [<\/a>example 21<\/a><\/strong>]among many others\u2014up to one published last month, by the late Boris Ryzhii [<\/a>example 28<\/a><\/strong>]. Unlike the first two specimens, some of these were not in the same meter, iambic tetrameter, but all had one feature in common, which was so obvious in the first two that it had been taken for granted and therefore not seen in the proper theoretical perspective: they were all written in long series of infinitive constructions. To make this clear to non-speakers of Russian, one may offer the following digest of Hamlet’s soliloquy:<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n

To be, or not to be…\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>to suffer<\/strong>\u00a0the slings and arrows…\u00a0or to take arms<\/strong>\u00a0against a sea of troubles,\u00a0and<\/strong>\u00a0by opposing\u00a0end<\/strong>\u00a0them?To die: to sleep<\/strong>; and, by a sleep\u00a0to say<\/strong>\u00a0we end the heart-ache.\u00a0To die, to sleep; to sleep<\/strong>: perchance\u00a0to dream<\/strong>… Who’d fardels\u00a0bear, to grunt and sweat<\/strong>\u00a0under a weary life…\u00a0<\/em>and so on [see also examples\u00a01<\/a>,\u00a02<\/a>,\u00a07<\/a>,\u00a09<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>for more specimens in English and in French.]<\/p>\n

A favorite pastime of Russian scholars is hunting for\u00a0sub-tetxts<\/em>\u2014the text’s sources, objects of parody etc. A theoretically more sophisticated, Western, in particular, Riffaterrean, but also Russian, notably Mikhail Gasparov’s, strategy is to look for a generic\u00a0inter-text,\u00a0<\/em>or\u00a0hypo-gram<\/em>: the memory of a genre, a meter, a motif, a trope\u2014the discourse type that underlies the text in question. This theoretical awareness prompted me to take a look at as many as possible relevant cases, which, in turn, called for further theorizing: defining infinitive writing. I put together a working definition (with which I am not going to bore you) and have now collected over a thousand infinitive poems by around two hundred Russian poets from the 350-year-long history of modern Russian literature. They exhibit an impressive set of similarities in their poetic and linguistic structure and motific repertoire. Moreover, in Taranovsky-Gasparov terms, they share a \u201csemantic halo,\u201d one that is both predictably generic and rewardingly specific. Stated very crudely, the invariant theme of infinitive poetry is a \u2018meditation on a virtual alternative mode of being.\u2019<\/p>\n

The exploration of this vast and heretofore unknown continent of Russian poetry\u2014and by extension of other poetries\u2014poses a host of theoretical and practical problems. To list some:<\/p>\n

– establishing the relevance\/irrelevance of the distinction between fully absolute infinitive sequences and those governed by other words (verbs like\u00a0\u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443<\/em>, \u201cI wish,\u201d\u00a0\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443<\/em>, \u201cI can, \u201d and nouns like\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430<\/em>, \u201cthe rights,\u201d\u00a0\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0442\u0430<\/em>, \u201ca dream,\u201d)\u2014I keep hearing objections to my claim that they are basically one;<\/p>\n

– creating a grammar\u2014syntax\u2014of the typical constructions used in conjunction with the infinitive structures (in particular, nominative and gerund,\u00a0deepreichastnye,<\/em>\u00a0constructions) and of a dictionary of typical combinations of governing words and the frequently recurring infinitives;<\/p>\n

– analyzing the correlations between the typical syntactic structures and typical metrical and other poetic characteristics of infinitive verse (for instance, the initial, final or medial position of the infinitives; the interaction of infinitive and sonnet structures in infinitive sonnets);<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

– conducting a comparative analysis of infinitive and nominative poetry\u2014in terms of semantic haloes, syntactic and poetic contexts and so on (the two are clear minimalist cognates, yet different, infinitive poetry being focused on the virtual, mental picture, nominative, on the actual, visual);<\/p>\n

– exploring the probable existence of other \u201cgrammatical poetries\u201d\u2014\u201cimperative\u201d, for one, \u201cconditional,\u201d as in Rudyard Kipling\u2019s \u201cIf-\u201c [example 9<\/a><\/strong>], for another;<\/p>\n

– studying the recurrent motifs of infinitive writing, which, to give you a foretaste, typically involves: the cycle of a human life or a day in the life of a persona; travel into another country or realm, involving a vehicle: a boat, a car, a carriage; dreaming; remembering; death and resurrection;<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

– establishing the historical origins of such writing in Russian poetry: borrowed from French and classical, Greek and Latin, literature, but also having probable sources in folk poetry, as well as in some non-fictional genres, e. g. the 16th century\u00a0Domostroi<\/em>\u00a0[Home Organizer] (for a 17th-century example straddling the boundary between non-fiction and poetry,\u00a0see\u00a0example 11<\/a>)<\/strong>;<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n

– creating a history of infinitive writing from its beginnings in the 17th and 18th centuries, through the resurgence and development of absolute constructions in the second half of the 19th century and to its heyday in the Silver Age and subsequent 20th-century poetry (one of the turning points being Pushkin’s\u00a0Eugene Onegin<\/em>\u00a0(see examples\u00a015<\/a>–16<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>in conjunction with Rzhevskii\u2019s\u00a0example 12<\/a><\/strong>).<\/p>\n

– compiling a commented anthology of Russian infinitive poetry.<\/p>\n

I could go on, but will stop there\u2014after outlining briefly a particular problem I’m working on now: infinitives and tropes. Infinitive writing is\u00a0tropogenic<\/em>\u00a0by nature in an archetypal manifestation of poetry\u2019s affinity for metaphoricity, i. e.\u00a0trans-portation<\/em>. Implicit in the thematic halo of infinitive poetry is the essentially tropological reconciliation of two poles: the \u2018actual–one\u2019s own, familiar, given,\u00a0svoe\u2019\u00a0<\/em>and the \u2018virtual\u2014other, different, alien,\u00a0chuzhoe.<\/em>\u2019 This tropological potential is rooted in the very indefiniteness of the infinitive\u2019s grammatical subject, which oscillates between the lyrical persona\u2019s \u2018I\u2019 and a more or less specific Other (an ideal hero or poet; a satirized or stylized character; a simple folksy type; an animal; a plant, a stone, a speck of dust).<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

The linking of the \u2018actual\u00a0svoe<\/em>\u2019 with a \u2018virtual other\u2019 can take the form of physical transportation, which, indeed, is a frequent motif in infinitive writing. This type of identification with the \u2018other,\u2019 occurring on the plane of contiguity, can remain literal or go figurative\u2014as an imaginary spatial travel to some other real place or imaginary realm (\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0443\u044e,<\/em>\u00a0\u201cIn\/as\/with one wave\u00a0to rise<\/strong>\u00a0into a different life\u201d [Fet;\u00a0example 18<\/a><\/strong>];\u00a0\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044c<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c\u2026<\/em>\u201dTo rush to\/find oneself<\/strong>\u00a0where the rain…\u201d [Pasternak];\u00a0\u0418\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u044b\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e,\u00a0<\/em>\u201cFrom the [movie-]hall\u00a0to leap<\/strong>\u00a0into the screen\u201d [Simonov]). On the plane of similarity, the traffic between \u2018one\u2019s own\u2019 and \u2018other\u2019 produces literal or figurative equations, breeding similes, metaphors, metamorphoses, <\/a>transmigrations of soul. The two basic Jakobsonian processes often combine; indeed, once Fet\u2019s\u00a0izbrannyi pevets,\u00a0<\/em>\u201cthe chosen bard,\u201d succeeds in \u201criding a wave up into another life,\u201d he by the same token himself becomes different\/other. The tension\/attraction between contiguity and similarity is a core characteristic of infinitive troping. Let us take a look at some examples.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Prutkov\u2019s poem\u2014a parody of Khomiakov\u2019s \u201cZhelanie\u201d [A Wish] (see\u00a0example 17<\/a>)<\/strong>\u00a0is a textbook case of pure metaphorizing: the lyrical persona wishes to turn into various representatives of Nature and ends by stating the metamorphic principle in overtly metapoetic terms: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0435\/\u00a0\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437<\/strong>\u00a0\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u00a0\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/em>…<\/strong>\u00a0[How sweet would it be out there at large\u00a0one’s image<\/strong>\u00a0so <\/a>frequently\u00a0to change<\/strong>] (a motif absent in the spoofed original poem, replete as the latter is with imagined morphings).<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Baudelaire’s \u201cLa Geante\u201d [example 7<\/a><\/strong>] (which, incidentally, is much richer in infinitives, of which it has 8, than the Bal’mont translation [example 8<\/a><\/strong>]) features just two similes (\u201clike a cat\u201d, \u201clike a village\u201d) and throughout the rest of the poem concentrates on various forms of contiguity with the desired giantess):\u00a0\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0433\u2014\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c\u2014\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0432, \u0443\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c\u2014\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u2014\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/em>\u00a0[to live at the feet of, look at, guess, run alongside, crawl over].Such a \u201cdesire of contiguity\u201d underlies a whole subgenre of infinitive writing, ushered in by Anakreontic poetry, as instanced by Nikolai L’vov’s 1794 translation of Ode XX [example 13<\/a><\/a><\/strong>]. The difference in this latter case is that contiguity is achieved through multiple metamorphoses: into the beloved’s mirror, clothes, bathtub water, lotion, bra, necklace and sandals, whose contacts with her body are then infinitivized: \u201cto be your mirror\u201d, \u201cto wash\u201d, \u201cto be rubbed in\u201d. Interestingly, the metamorphic motif is spelled out in the very beginning, yet this time not metapoetically (as in Prutkov), but in a simple intertextual reference to a Greek myth.<\/p>\n

The first quatrain of Anna Akhmatova’s \u201cLast Rose\u201d [example 23<\/a><\/strong>]:\u00a0\u041c\u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e\u00a0\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044b,\/ \u0421 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u00a0\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/a>,\/ \u0421 \u0434\u044b\u043c\u043e\u043c\u00a0\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0414\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043d\u044b,\/ \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0441 \u0416\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/em>, conveys the persona’s identification with the great women of the past through the contiguous preposition \u201cc\u201d [with]: \u201cto perform bows with\u00a0<\/strong>Morozova\u201d, \u201cto dance with\u00a0<\/strong>Salome\u201d. The climactic third trope\/infinitive, \u201cto fly away with\u00a0<\/strong>smoke from Dido’s bonfire\u201d, marks a subtle fusion of contiguity and similarity:\u00a0\u0441 \u0434\u044b\u043c\u043e\u043c<\/em>\u00a0[with smoke] keeps the same contiguous preposition but implies full integration with that smoke; it\u2019s no chance, of course, that the invoked motif itself is a famous metamorphosis. The fourth and last instance (With Jeanne [d’Arc] back to the bonfire] skips the infinitive altogether.<\/p>\n

Marina Tsvetaeva’s poem [example 22<\/a><\/strong>] reads like a deliberate study in turning contiguity into metamorphosis: \u201cto be<\/strong>\u00a0your acolyte\u2014to follow<\/strong>\u00a0you in a disciple’s cloak\u2014to make out\u00a0<\/strong>your sighs\u2014to break<\/strong>\u00a0the path for you through the crowd\u2014to serve\u00a0<\/strong>as your cloak\u2014to be<\/strong>\u00a0your waking disciple, not just a cloak, a shield\u2014to ascend<\/strong>\u00a0to your bonfire [ahead of you].\u201d The gradual transformation of an underage disciple into the Christ figure itself is additionally naturalized through a skillful use of the \u201ccloak\u201d, which is first simply\u2014contiguously\u2014worn and then wishfully metamorphosed into. Notably, the poem is yet another variation on the topos of \u201cfigurative contacts with an object of desire\u201d, taken by the extremist Tsvetaeva to the limit of \u201cbecoming that object\u201d.<\/p>\n

The general\u00a0theoretical<\/em>\u00a0purport of this project, as well as of similar others\u2014such as the now classical analysis by Gerard Genette of Marcel Proust\u2019s \u2018nostalgic\u00a0Imparfait\u00a0<\/em>tense\u2019<\/em>\u00a0and my unfortunate paper on the figurative\u00a0zalogi\u00a0<\/em>[voices] in Pasternak\u2014<\/em>is providing Roman Jakobson\u2019s \u201cpoetry of grammar\u201d with a semantic component. A \u201cdeviant\u201d use of linguistic structures, one not registered in \u201cregular\u201d grammars, but shaped and canonized by their systematic reworking in poetry, represents a contribution made by poetry to the natural language. In the case of Russian, it seems to be enriched by several figurative voices, compliments of Boris Pasternak, and a special \u201cmeditative mood,\u201d compliments of infinitive poetry.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

As for\u00a0pragmatics,<\/em>\u00a0one pay-off for a modern-day conservative is that here is an extensive area of research, textually rich, intellectually challenging, sufficient to keep one busy for a decade and completely free of worrying about what Bakhtin, Zhdanov, Derrida, Benjamin, Saul Morson, Homi Baba, Jesse Jackson, Pat Robertson, and other assorted ideologues might have to say on the subject. To paraphrase Laplace, this project has no use for those hypotheses. As a result, to quote from Plantin\u2019s infinitive sonnet [example 1<\/a><\/strong>], one may hope to\u00a0<\/a>Conserver<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0l’esprit libre & le jugement fort,\/\u00a0Dire<\/strong>\u00a0son Chapelet en cultivant ses entes,\/\u00a0<\/em>And\u00a0attendre<\/strong>\u00a0chez soi bien doucement la mort\u00a0<\/em>[To keep<\/strong>\u00a0the spirit free, the judgement strong,\u00a0to say<\/strong>\u00a0one\u2019s prayers while cultivating one\u2019s grafts <i. e. garden>and quietly\u00a0to await<\/strong>\u00a0death].<\/p>\n

HANDOUT<\/strong><\/p>\n

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1<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Christophe Plantin (1520\u20131589). Le bonheur de ce monde<\/em>
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Avoir\u00a0<\/strong>une maison commode, propre & belle,
\nUn jardin tapiss\u00e9 d’espaliers odorans,
\nDes fruits, d’excellent vin, peu de train, peu d’enfans,
\nPoss\u00e9der\u00a0<\/strong>seul, sans bruit, une femme fid\u00e8le.
\n<\/a>
\nN’avoir<\/strong>dettes, amour, ni proc\u00e8s, ni querelle,
\nNi de partage \u00e0 faire avecque les parents,
\nSe contenter<\/strong>\u00a0de peu,\u00a0n’esp\u00e9rer<\/strong>\u00a0rien des Grands,
\nR\u00e9gler<\/strong>\u00a0tous ses desseins sur un juste mod\u00e8le.<\/p>\n

Vivre<\/strong>\u00a0avecque franchise & sans ambition,
\nS’adonner<\/strong>\u00a0sans scrupule \u00e0 la d\u00e9votion,
\nDompter<\/strong>\u00a0ses passions, les\u00a0rendre<\/strong>\u00a0ob\u00e9issantes.<\/p>\n

Conserver<\/strong>\u00a0l’esprit libre, & le jugement fort,
\nDire<\/strong>\u00a0son Chapelet en cultivant ses entes,
\nC’est attendre<\/strong>\u00a0chez soi bien doucement la mort.<\/p>\n

\u00a0
\n2<\/a><\/strong>. Shakespeare. Hamlet’s soliloquy. c. 1601
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

To be, or not to be<\/strong>: that is the question:
\nWhether ’tis nobler in the mind\u00a0to suffer
\n<\/strong>The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
\nOr to take<\/strong>\u00a0arms against a sea of troubles,
\nAnd by opposing\u00a0end<\/strong>\u00a0them?\u00a0To die: to sleep<\/strong>;
\nNo more: and, by a sleep\u00a0to say<\/strong>\u00a0we end
\nThe heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
\nThat flesh is heir to, ’tis a consummation
\nDevoutly\u00a0to be wish’d<\/strong>.\u00a0To die, to sleep<\/strong>;
\nTo sleep: perchance to dream<\/strong>: ay, there’s the rub;
\nFor in that sleep of death what dreams may come
\nWhen we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
\nMust give\u00a0<\/strong>us pause. There’s the respect
\nThat makes calamity of so long life;
\nFor who\u00a0would bear<\/strong>\u00a0the whips and scorns of time,
\nThe oppressor’s wrong, the proud man’s contumely,
\nThe pangs of dispriz’d love, the law’s delay,
\nThe insolence of office, and the spurns
\nThat patient merit of the unworthy takes,
\nWhen he himself\u00a0might<\/strong>\u00a0his quietus\u00a0make
\n<\/strong>With a bare bodkin? who would fardels\u00a0bear<\/strong>,
\nTo grunt and sweat<\/strong>\u00a0under a weary life,
\nBut that the dread of something after death,
\nThe undiskover’d country from whose bourn
\nNo traveller returns, puzzles the will,
\nAnd\u00a0makes<\/strong>\u00a0us\u00a0rather<\/strong>\u00a0bear<\/strong>\u00a0those ills we have
\nThan<\/strong>\u00a0fly<\/strong>\u00a0to others that we know not of? […]<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043a. \u0428\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440. \u041c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0413\u0430\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430<\/em>. 1940<\/p>\n

\u0411\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c,\u00a0<\/strong>\u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441. \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e \u043b\u044c
\n\u0414\u0443\u0448\u0438\u00a0\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0449\u0435\u043b\u0447\u043a\u0438
\n\u041e\u0431\u0438\u0434\u0447\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0431\u044b \u0438\u043b\u044c\u00a0\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c
\n<\/strong>\u0421 \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u044c\u0435\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0434 \u0438\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c
\n\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044f\u043c?\u00a0\u0423\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c. \u0417\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>.
\n\u0418 \u0432\u0441\u0435.\u00a0\u0418 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043d – \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b
\n\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u043a \u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439,
\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0443. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c
\n\u0416\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f?\u00a0\u0421\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>. \u0421\u043d\u043e\u043c\u00a0\u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>.
\n\u0423\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong>. \u0418\u00a0\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043d\u044b<\/strong>? \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442.
\n\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f,
\n\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442?
\n\u0412\u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435. \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442
\n\u041d\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442.
\n\u0410 \u0442\u043e \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0431\u044b \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430,
\n\u041f\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044f, \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u043f\u0446\u0432,
\n\u041e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430,
\n\u041d\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0431\u0443
\n\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432,
\n\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u044b
\n\u0423\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u043a\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0430? \u041a\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f
\n\u041a\u0440\u044f\u0445\u0442\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439\u00a0\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044c<\/strong>,
\n\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438,
\n\u0411\u043e\u044f\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d
\n\u041d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438
\n\u041c\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c,
\n\u0427\u0435\u043c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443\u00a0\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>[…]<\/p>\n


\n4.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043a. \u0428\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440. \u0421\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442 66. 1940<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c, \u044f\u00a0\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u00a0<\/strong>\u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443.
\n\u0422\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u00a0\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u043a,
\n\u0418 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0448\u0443\u0442\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0447\u0443,
\n\u0418 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043a,
\n\u0418 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442,
\n\u0418 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u044c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e \u0434\u043d\u0443,
\n\u0418 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0442,
\n\u0418 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0443,
\n\u0418 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0442,
\n\u0418 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0445\u0443\u043b\u0443,
\n\u0418 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0448\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0442,
\n\u0418 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043b\u0443.
\n\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u0435\u00a0\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0431\u044b \u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u0438 \u0434\u043d\u044f,
\n\u0414\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f.<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Shakespeare. Sonnet 66.<\/em>\u00a0c. 1609<\/em><\/p>\n

Tir’d with all these, for restful death I cry,–
\nAs,\u00a0to behold<\/strong>\u00a0desert a beggar born,
\nAnd needy nothing trimm’d in jollity,
\nAnd purest faith unhappily forsworn,
\nAnd gilded honour shamefully misplac’d,
\nAnd maiden virtue rudely strumpeted,
\nAnd right perfection wrongfully disgrac’d,
\nAnd strength by limping sway disabled,
\nAnd art made tongue-tied by authority,
\nAnd folly (doctor-like) controlling skill,
\nAnd simple truth miscalled simplicity,
\nAnd captive good attending captain ill:
\nTir’d with all these, from these would I be gone,
\nSave that,\u00a0to die,<\/strong>\u00a0I leave my love alone.<\/p>\n

6.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043a. \u0428\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440. \u0421\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442 66. 1944<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0417\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u044f \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044c. \u041c\u043d\u0435\u00a0\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c\u00a0<\/strong>\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u0436
\n\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u044f\u043d\u044c\u044f,
\n\u041d\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u043c\u044f\u0449\u0443\u044e\u0441\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c,
\n\u041d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0448\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u044c\u0435,
\n\u0418 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440,
\n\u0418 \u0434\u0435\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e,<\/a>
\n\u0418 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0440,
\n\u0418 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0437\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0439,
\n\u0418 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0442,
\n\u0418 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430,
\n\u0418 \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0442,
\n\u0418 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0435 \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430.
\n\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0437\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443 \u044f \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433…
\n\u0414\u0430 \u0436\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u043c\u0438\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433!<\/p>\n

7<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Baudelaire, FM-XIX. La Ge ante. 1840s<\/em><\/p>\n

Du temps que la Nature en sa verve puissante
\nConcevait chaque jour des enfants monstrueux,
\nJ’eusse aime vivre<\/strong>\u00a0aupr e s d’une jeune g e ante,
\nComme aux pieds d’une reine un chat voluptueux.<\/p>\n

J’eusse aim e voir<\/strong>\u00a0son corps\u00a0fleurir<\/strong>\u00a0avec son a me
\nEt\u00a0grandir<\/strong>\u00a0librement dans ses terribles jeux;
\nDeviner\u00a0<\/strong>si son coeur couve une sombre flamme
\nAux humides brouillards qui nagent dans ses yeux;
\n<\/a>
\nParcourir<\/strong>\u00a0a loisir ses magnifiques formes;
\nRamper<\/strong>\u00a0sur le versant de ses genoux e normes,
\nEt parfois en e t e , quand les soleils malsains,<\/p>\n

Lasse,\u00a0la font s’ e tendre<\/strong>\u00a0a travers la campagne,
\nDormir<\/strong>\u00a0nonchalamment a l’ombre de ses seins,
\nComme un hameau paisible au pied d’une montagne.<\/p>\n


\n8<\/a>.\u00a0<\/strong>\u0411\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442. \u0411\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0440. \u0413\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0448\u0430<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0412 \u043e\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043d\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u043c, \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e
\n\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434.
\n\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u043b \u0431\u044b \u044f\u00a0\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043b\u0435 \u044e\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0448\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e,
\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0433 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b \u043b\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0432\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0447\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0442.<\/p>\n

\u042f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u043b \u0431\u044b\u00a0\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442,
\n\u0418 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0443\u0436\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0435\u0435,
\n\u0417\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0432, \u0443\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043c\u044f \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442
\n\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445, \u0433\u0434\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u044b\u043c\u043a\u0430, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c\u0435.
\n<\/a>
\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u043f\u044b\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439,
\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043f\u043e \u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d,
\n\u0410 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c
\n\u0434\u044b\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439,;<\/p>\n

\u041d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0435, \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d,
\n\u042f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043b \u0431\u044b, \u043c\u0435\u0447\u0442\u0430\u044f, \u2014
\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u044e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0445\u0430\u044f.<\/p>\n

9<\/a>.<\/strong>Kipling. If\u2014. 1910<\/em><\/p>\n

If you can\u00a0keep<\/strong>\u00a0your head when all about you
\nAre losing theirs and blaming it on you,
\nIf you can\u00a0trust<\/strong>\u00a0yourself when all men doubt you,
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 But make\u00a0<\/strong>allowance for their doubting too;
\nIf you can\u00a0wait and not be tired<\/strong>\u00a0by waiting,
\nOr being lied about, don’t\u00a0deal<\/strong>\u00a0in lies,
\nOr being hated, don’t\u00a0give way<\/strong>\u00a0to hating,
\nAnd yet don’t\u00a0look too good, nor<\/strong>talk<\/strong>\u00a0too wise:<\/p>\n

If you can\u00a0dream–and not make<\/strong>dreams your master;
\nIf you can\u00a0think–and not make<\/strong>\u00a0thoughts your aim;
\nIf you can\u00a0meet\u00a0<\/strong>with Triumph and Disaster
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 And treat<\/strong>\u00a0those two imposters just the same;
\nIf you can\u00a0bear to hear<\/strong>\u00a0the truth you’ve spoken
\nTwisted by knaves\u00a0to make a trap<\/strong>\u00a0for fools,
\nOr watch<\/strong>\u00a0the things you gave your life to, broken,
\nAnd stoop and build ’em up\u00a0<\/strong>with worn-out tools:<\/p>\n

If you can\u00a0make<\/strong>\u00a0one heap of all your winnings
\nAnd risk it<\/strong>\u00a0on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
\nAnd lose, and start again<\/strong>\u00a0at your beginnings
\nAnd never breathe<\/strong>\u00a0a word about your loss;
\nIf you can\u00a0force<\/strong>\u00a0your heart and nerve and sinew
\nTo serve<\/strong>\u00a0your turn long after they are gone,
\nAnd so hold on<\/strong>\u00a0when there is nothing in you
\nExcept the Will which says to them: “Hold on!”<\/p>\n

If you can\u00a0talk<\/strong>\u00a0with crowds\u00a0and keep<\/strong>\u00a0your virtue,
\nOr walk<\/strong>\u00a0with Kings–nor lose<\/strong>\u00a0the common touch,
\nIf neither foes nor loving friends can\u00a0hurt<\/strong>\u00a0you,
\nIf all men count with you, but none too much;
\nIf you can\u00a0fill<\/strong>\u00a0the unforgiving minute
\nWith sixty seconds’ worth of distance run,
\nYours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,
\nAnd–which is more–you’ll\u00a0be<\/strong>\u00a0a Man, my son!<\/p>\n

10.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043a. \u041a\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438… 1945
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

\u041e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435\u043d, \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043d,
\n\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433,
\n\u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d,
\n\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433,
\n\u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438\u00a0\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c\u00a0<\/strong>\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0448\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044f,
\n\u041d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c\u044e\u00a0\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c,
\n\u041d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0448\u044c \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e,
\n\u041d\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0448\u044c,<\/p>\n

\u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u044b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0448\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e,
\n\u0410 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043d\u0430,
\n\u0418 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0448\u044c \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434 \u0432 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u0435,
\n\u041a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c, \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430,
\n\u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e
\n\u0422\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0443\u0442,
\n\u0418, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0448\u044c \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u2014
\n\u0411\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043b \u2014\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434,<\/p>\n

\u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u044b \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0432\u0441\u0451, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e
\n\u0422\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c,\u00a0\u0432\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b,
\n\u0412\u0441\u0451\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430,
\n\u041d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043b,
\n\u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438\u00a0\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0448\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435, \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b, \u0436\u0438\u043b\u044b
\n\u0422\u0430\u043a\u00a0\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/strong>, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u00a0\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044c<\/strong>,
\n\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044b
\n\u0418 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442: “\u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0441\u044c!” \u2014
\n<\/a>
\n\u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0448\u044c\u00a0\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u043f\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044e,
\n\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c\u00a0\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c
\n<\/strong>\u0418, \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0435,
\n\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0432\u043e\u044e\u00a0\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>,
\n\u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0448\u044c\u00a0\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u044c\u0435
\n\u0421\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0433, \u2014
\n\u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f \u2014 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u044c\u0435!
\n\u0418 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0442\u044b \u2014 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a!<\/p>\n

11<\/a><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u041d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440. \u0412\u0438\u0440\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439. c.1640
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0422\u0435\u0431\u0435, \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043b\u044e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u043c\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0434\u0443 […]
\n\u0418 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430\u00a0\u0431\u044b \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435<\/strong>\u00a0\u0434\u043e \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438<\/strong>,
\n\u0418 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0435\u00a0\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438<\/strong>,
\n\u0418 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00a0\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438<\/strong>,<\/a>
\n\u0418 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438<\/strong>,
\n\u0418 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430\u00a0\u0431\u044b<\/strong>\u00a0\u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00a0\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438<\/strong>, –
\n\u0418 \u0432\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0438\u043c\u0443\u00a0\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438<\/strong>,
\n\u0418 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u00a0\u0431\u044b<\/strong>\u00a0\u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0448\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u00a0\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438<\/strong>,
\n\u0418 \u0443\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c\u00a0\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438<\/strong>,
\n\u0418 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u00a0\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438,
\n<\/strong>\u0410 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00a0\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u00a0<\/strong>[…]<\/p>\n

12<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u0420\u0436\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442. 1763<\/p>\n

<\/em>\u0416\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439\u00a0\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>,
\n\u0421\u043a\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439\u00a0\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>,
\n\u041b\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0438,
\n\u041f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u00a0\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431 \u043c\u0440\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0447\u0438,
\n\u041d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0432, \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u00a0\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>; \u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432,\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c,
\n<\/strong>\u0412\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u00a0\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0432\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0445\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c
\n<\/strong>\u0418 \u0441 \u0443\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f,<\/strong>
\n\u0421\u043f\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445, \u043e\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c\u00a0\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f,<\/a>
\n<\/strong>\u0412\u0441\u0451\u00a0\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0432,\u00a0\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e,
\n\u0416\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c;<\/strong>\u00a0\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0432,\u00a0\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044c\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e.
\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e,\u00a0\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u044b\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>; \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438,\u00a0\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.
\n<\/strong>\u0412\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442, \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0439\u00a0\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>;
\n\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u00a0\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u00a0\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c,
\n<\/strong>\u0418 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f, \u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u00a0\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>;
\n\u0418\u0439\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c.
\n<\/strong>\u0412\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u00a0\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438:
\n\u0421\u0435! \u0437\u0440\u0430\u043a \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0432\u0438.<\/p>\n

13<\/a>.\u00a0<\/strong>\u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0432. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043d. \u041e\u0434\u0430 \u0425\u0425 \u043a \u0434\u0435\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439. 1794
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

\u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0424\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439
\n\u0414\u043e\u0447\u044c \u0422\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430
\n\u0412 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430.
\n\u041f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0447\u044c
\n\u0412 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430.
\n\u042f \u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0435
\n\u041f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f,
\n<\/strong>\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f
\n\u0411\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f;
\n\u0418\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439,
\n\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0442\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c,
\n\u0418\u043b\u0438<\/strong>, \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0441\u044c,
\n\u041e\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e;
\n\u0418\u043b\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0437\u044c,
\n\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0438\u00a0\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>;
\n\u0418\u043b\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0438,
\n\u0418\u043b\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043c\u0447\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438,
\n\u0418\u043b\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0431 \u044f \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b
\n\u0411\u044b\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043e \u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430!
\n\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439
\n\u0416\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e<\/p>\n

14.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d. \u0421\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0440\u044c. 1800
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443
\n\u0424\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u0438\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0421\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0440\u044c?
\n\u0421 \u043a\u0435\u043c \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0443?
\n\u041a\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448? \u041a\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044c?
\n\u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0434\u0435, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0439, \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0421\u0443\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432?
\n\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442.<\/p>\n

\u041a\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u044b\u043b\u0430\u044f,
\n\u0415\u0437\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u00a0<\/strong>\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044f\u0447\u0435,\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00a0<\/strong>\u0441\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438;
\n\u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0447 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044f,
\n\u0421\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435,\u0431\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c\u00a0<\/strong>\u0434\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0438;
\n\u0422\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432
\n\u0421 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f\u043d \u0432\u0441\u0451\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c?<\/strong>
\n<\/a>
\n\u0411\u044b\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c
\n\u0428\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0443 \u0448\u0442\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c,
\n\u0420\u043e\u043a\u00a0\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c;
\n\u0421\u043a\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f,\u00a0\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043c;
\n\u0414\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0446 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0445,
\n\u0416\u0438\u0442\u044c\u00a0<\/strong>\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f\u00a0\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/strong>? […]<\/p>\n

15<\/a>.\u00a0<\/strong>\u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d. \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041e\u043d\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043d. \u0413\u043b. 1: XI. 1823
\n<\/em>
\n<\/a>
\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u00a0\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043b \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c,
\n\u0428\u0443\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00a0\u0438\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/strong>,
\n\u041f\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0430\u044f\u043d\u044c\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c,
\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e\u00a0\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/strong>,
\n\u041b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u0443\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044f,
\n\u041d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044f
\n\u0423\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>,
\n\u041d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438\u00a0\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>,
\n\u041c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044c\u044f,
\n\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a,
\n\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u044c, \u0438 \u0432\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433
\n\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0442\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044c\u044f…
\n\u0418 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435
\n\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435!<\/p>\n

16<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d. \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041e\u043d\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043d. \u0413\u043b. 8. \u041f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u041e\u043d\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430. 1831
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

…\u041d\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043d\u043e\u00a0\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u0430\u0441,
\n\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443\u00a0\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438,
\n\u0423\u043b\u044b\u0431\u043a\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u0442, \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437
\n\u041b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438,
\n\u0412\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e,\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c
\n<\/strong>\u0414\u0443\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e,
\n\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0445\u00a0\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>,
\n\u0411\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong>… \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e![…]
\n\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431 \u0432\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0436\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e
\n\u0422\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0436\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u044e \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0432\u0438,
\n\u041f\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u2014 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e
\n\u0421\u043c\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438;
\n\u0416\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438
\n\u0418, \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0432 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0433<\/a>
\n\u0418\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0431\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044c\u044f, \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438,
\n\u0412\u0441\u0435, \u0432\u0441\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u00a0\u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433,
\n<\/strong>\u0410 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0445\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043c
\n\u0412\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438 \u0432\u0437\u043e\u0440,
\n\u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440,
\n\u0413\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c![…]<\/p>\n

17<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u041a\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0416\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0430 [=\u0425\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430]. 1854
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0425\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0431\u044b<\/strong>\u00a0\u044f \u0442\u044e\u043b\u044c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u00a0\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c,<\/strong>
\n\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441\u044c\u044e,
\n\u0418\u0437 \u0442\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443\u00a0\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>,
\n\u0418\u043b\u044c \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c\u00a0\u0432\u044b\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u044c\u044e.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0431\u044b \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u044e,
\n\u041f\u044b\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0435\u00a0\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>,
\n\u0418\u043b\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e\u00a0\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u044e,
\n\u0418\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0438\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0439\u00a0\u0441\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0431\u044b<\/strong>\u00a0\u044f \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0439\u00a0\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>,
\n\u0412\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440,
\n\u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0443\u00a0\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>,
\n\u0411\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f\u0445\u043e\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043f\u0444\u0438\u0440.
\n<\/a>
\n\u0413\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430,\u00a0\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e,
\n\u0412 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0443\u00a0\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0439,
\n\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e,
\n\u0413\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432 \u0443\u0448\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0439!<\/p>\n

\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0435
\n\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u00a0\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c
\n<\/strong>\u0418, \u0432\u0435\u043a \u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435,
\n\u0422\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c!<\/strong><\/p>\n

18<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u0424\u0435\u0442. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0447\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0430\u0434\u044c\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u044e… 1887
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0447\u043a\u043e\u043c\u00a0\u0441\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044c\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u044e
\n\u0421 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432,
\n\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u00a0\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0443\u044e,<\/strong>
\n\u0423\u0447\u0443\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0441 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432,<\/p>\n

\u0422\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0439\u00a0\u0441\u043e\u043d\u00a0<\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043c,
\n\u0423\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u044b\u043c, \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c,
\n\u0414\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0445, \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c,
\n\u0427\u0443\u0436\u043e\u0435<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u043c\u0438\u0433 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u00a0\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c<\/strong>,<\/p>\n

\u0428\u0435\u043f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442,
\n\u0423\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0446 \u2014
\n\u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0446 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0442,
\n\u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446!<\/p>\n

19.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432… 1909?
\n<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432
\n\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0443, \u2014
\n\u0416\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043b\u0435\u0441\u0443
\n\u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432.
\n\u0411\u044b\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d, \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435
\n\u0418 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0438 \u0441\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c…<\/strong>
\n\u0416\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0447\u0443\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0435,
\n\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u00a0\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

20<\/a>.\u00a0<\/strong>\u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a. \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e… 1914<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0413\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e,
\n\u0421\u0447\u0435\u0442\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u043d\u044f\u043c,
\n\u0418, \u0441 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u0445\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439,
\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c.<\/p>\n

\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0443,
\n\u0421\u0435\u043c\u044c \u2014\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c,
\n\u0422\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443
\n\u0413\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0438\u043c\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u043b\u0431\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n

\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439,
\n\u0422\u0440\u0438, \u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0434
\n\u041f\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439
\n\u0418 \u0437\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434.<\/p>\n

\u0410 \u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0439,\u00a0\u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c
\n<\/strong>\u041d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0448 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c,
\n\u0418 \u043f\u0441\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438,
\n\u0418\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0432, \u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e\u00a0\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0438\u0445\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u0418 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0443 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b
\n\u041f\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0447\u0430\u0439, \u043e\u0442\u0449\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442,
\n\u041f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u00a0\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u044e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043d\u044b
\n\u041f\u0443\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0434,<\/p>\n

\u0418 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435
\n\u0412 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u00a0\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u043d\u0435…
\n\u0414\u0430, \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043c\u043e\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f,
\n\u0422\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n

<\/a>21.\u00a0<\/strong>\u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u0417\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0432\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c… 1916
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0417\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0432\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00a0\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0438\u0441
\n\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0436\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0441, \u043e\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043b\u044c \u043b\u044c,
\n\u0414\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u00a0\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441
\n\u0421\u0441\u044b\u043f\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043b\u0438,
\n<\/a>
\n\u041a\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e\u00a0\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0431\u0430\u0431\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c,
\n\u0414\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u00a0\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c\u00a0<\/strong>\u043f\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u043c,
\n\u0414\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0442\u044c
\n<\/strong>\u0421\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c\u044e, \u0433\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0448\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0441 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c […]<\/p>\n

22<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u0423\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a. 1921
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0411\u044b\u0442\u044c\u00a0<\/strong>\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c,
\n\u2014 \u041e, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430! \u2014
\n\u0417\u0430 \u043f\u044b\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u00a0\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c
\n\u041f\u043b\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n

\u0423\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u043a\u0432\u043e\u0437\u044c \u0432\u0441\u044e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0443\u0449\u0443
\n\u0422\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0449
\n\u0414\u0443\u0448\u043e\u0439, \u0434\u044b\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439,
\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u043c \u2014 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0449.<\/p>\n

\u041f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0435 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430
\n\u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044c\u00a0\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0447\u043e\u043c.
\n\u041e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0434, \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0434\u044b
\n\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c\u00a0<\/strong>\u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0449\u043e\u043c.
\n<\/a>
\n\u0411\u044b\u0442\u044c\u00a0<\/strong>\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043f\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438
\n\u0422\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0435 \u2014 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0442
\n\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044c\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0435
\n\u0423\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0449 \u2014 \u0430 \u0449\u0438\u0442!
\n(\u041e, \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d!
\n\u041d\u043e\u0436 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0443\u0440 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440!)
\n\u0418 \u2014 \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043b\u044b\u0431\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u2014 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c
\n\u0412\u0437\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440.<\/p>\n

23<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u0410\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430. 1962
\n<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

\u041c\u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e\u00a0\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044b,
\n\u0421 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0418\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u00a0\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>,
\n\u0421 \u0434\u044b\u043c\u043e\u043c\u00a0\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0414\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043d\u044b,
\n\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b\u00a0<\/strong>\u0441 \u0416\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u00a0\u043e\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0438! \u0422\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0448\u044c, \u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430
\n\u0412\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>.
\n\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u044b \u0430\u043b\u043e\u0439
\n\u0414\u0430\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u00a0\u043e\u0449\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

24<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u0411\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u044b \u0441\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434… 1971
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434
\n\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u043d\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044b,
\n\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u0434,
\n\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044b;
\n\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438,\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c
\n<\/strong>\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430,
\n\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0441 \u0440\u0443\u0445\u043b\u044f\u0434\u044c\u044e\u00a0\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c
\n<\/strong>\u043f\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0442\u043e.
\n\u0432\u0437\u0434\u044b\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439,
\n\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0448\u043d\u044f\u0445, \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443;
\n\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439
\n\u0438\u00a0\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432 \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2013 \u0437\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0443,
\n\u0426\u0430\u0440\u044f, \u041e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, – \u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442,
\n\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b\u00a0\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438
\n\u0438\u00a0\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442,
\n\u0431\u043b\u044e\u044f \u0432 \u0410\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n

25.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u0421\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044b 4-\u0435. \u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430. . 1979-80
\n<\/em>
\n<\/a>
\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e: \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c
\n<\/strong>\u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00a0\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c; \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>,
\n\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430, \u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440
\n\u0441 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0439, \u0441 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0448\u0442\u043e\u0440,
\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u00a0\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c,
\n\u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u043e,\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043c,
\n\u0441\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432 \u043b\u0430\u0440\u0447\u0438\u043a,\u00a0\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432 \u0438\u0433\u043b\u0443
\n\u0438 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u00a0\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432 \u0449\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0443.<\/p>\n

26<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0411\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438… c. 1985
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0434\u0435-\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u044f\u043b\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0435
\n\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0436\u0443\u0445\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043d\u044c\u0435
\n\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044e\u044e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u0441 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430
\n\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u043c\u043e\u00a0\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u0432 \u0430\u043c\u0444\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430
\n\u0432 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u043e<\/p>\n

\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u00a0\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438
\n\u0448\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0448\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438
\n\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043f\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0446\u0430\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0430
\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430
\n\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0443\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0445
\n\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c
\n<\/a>
\n\u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f
\n\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043b\u0438\u043f\u044b
\n\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0446\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440
\n\u0432 \u044f\u043b\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0435
\n\u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043f \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0446\u0430<\/p>\n

\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438
\n\u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0432\u043e\u043d \u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0445
\n\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/p>\n

27<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u0413\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443… 1985
\n<\/em>
\n<\/a>
\n\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443
\n\u0418\u00a0\u043f\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442.
\n\u041a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0445\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443
\n\u041d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0442.
\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0413\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u044e\u0433\u0435
\n\u0421 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430
\n\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438
\n\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0441\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0430.
\n\u0412 \u0440\u044b\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0433\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043c,
\n\u0413\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0445 \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043c.
\n\u0411\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c
\n\u0412\u043f\u0430\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c.
\n\u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u044c
\n\u0422\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u0427\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442,
\n\u0412\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0“\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e” \u043b\u0435\u0441 \u0438 \u0449\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u044c
\n\u0418\u00a0\u043f\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442.
\n\u0410 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0445\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u2014
\n\u0423\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0449\u0435\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u043b\u0435,
\n\u0421\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043d\u044c\u044f \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0445\u043c\u0443\u0440\u043e
\n\u041c\u0430\u0445\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u041c\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435.<\/p>\n

28<\/a>.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0420\u044b\u0436\u0438\u0439. \u0421 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432… 1998
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0421 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u0443\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439,
\n\u0412 \u041d\u0418\u0418 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c\u00a0\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c.<\/strong>
\n\u041c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439,
\n\u041d\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u00a0\u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>.
\n\u0417\u0438\u043c\u043e\u044e, \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438
\n\u041f\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0438\u043d, \u0448\u0438\u043f\u044f \u201c\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u201d.
\n\u041d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0445\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0432, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438
\n\u041d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e.
\n\u0410 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438
\n\u0413\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0431\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0442\u00a0\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c,
\n<\/strong>\u041e\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438
\n\u0427\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>.
\n\u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443\u0435\u0442,
\n\u041f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043a\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434.
\n\u0421\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u044e\u043d\u0443\u0432 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442,
\n\u0417\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434.
\n\u0418 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u2014 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f \u2014
\n\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0432 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434,
\n\u0423\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c
\n\u0414\u0443\u0448\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0443\u043c\u0440\u0451\u0442.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":355,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1077","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPoetry of Grammar or Pragmatics of Poetry? - Alexander Zholkovsky<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/alexander-zholkovsky\/yale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Poetry of Grammar or Pragmatics of Poetry? - Alexander Zholkovsky\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/alexander-zholkovsky\/yale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Alexander Zholkovsky\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-05T00:57:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/alexander-zholkovsky\/yale\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/alexander-zholkovsky\/yale\/\",\"name\":\"Poetry of Grammar or Pragmatics of Poetry? 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